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单词 torment
释义

tormentn.

Brit. /ˈtɔːmɛnt/, /ˈtɔːm(ə)nt/, U.S. /ˈtɔrˌmɛnt/
Forms: Middle English–1500s turment, (Middle English -te), tourment, (Middle English–1500s -te), Middle English– torment, (plural Middle English -menz, -mens). (Also β. Middle English tornament, tournement, turnament, turnement, 1500s tornement.)
Etymology: Middle English < Old French tor- , tourment , Old Northern French turment (11th cent.) = Italian tormento , Spanish tormento , Portuguese tormento < Latin tormentum ( < *torqu(e)mentum something operated by twisting, < torquēre to twist). In sense 5, < French tourmente feminine from Latin tormenta neuter plural, which became feminine singular in Romanic, sometimes with final -e in Middle English. The β-forms show confusion with tournament n.
†1. An engine of war worked by torsion, for hurling stones, darts, or other missiles. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > [noun] > ballista
ballistaeOE
ginc1325
mangonelc1325
springalc1330
ballistc1384
scorpionc1384
tormentc1384
trebuchet1388
fowler1420
dondainec1430
onagera1460
perrier1481
trabuch?1482
bricole1489
coillard1489
mouton1489
sambuca1489
martinet1523
racket1535
sling1535
brake1552
catapult1577
sweep1598
sling-dart1600
petrary1610
espringal1614
scorpion-bowa1629
swafe1688
sackbut1756
mangona1773
matafunda1773
lombard1838
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Macc. vi. 51 And ordeynede there balistis, and engynes, and dartis, or castyngis, of fyr, and tourmentis for to cast stoons and dartis.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xviii. ix Regulus þe Emperoure slowe an addre..þat was xx. fote longe wiþ alblastes and tormentes.
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. viii. sig. Di All turmentes of warre, whiche we cal ordinance.
1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovid Metamorphoses 229 Like the bolt from the tormentum cast, Smiting the wall.]
2.
a. An instrument of torture, as the rack, wheel, or strappado (rare or doubtful); hence, the infliction of torture by such an instrument as a form of punishment, a means of extracting information, etc.; torture inflicted or suffered.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > torture > [noun]
tintreghc893
tormentc1290
tormentry1375
tormentisec1405
extort1541
torture1551
discruciament1593
discruciation1597
supplice1646
carnifice1657
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 84/33 Heo bad ore louerd..þat he ire ȝeue þere Studefaste bi-leue..And in hire tormenz treowe heorte.
c1300 Seyn Julian 49 Þe more turment þat hi hire dude þe bet hi hire paide.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 166 We redeþ of zaynte Agase, þet mid greate blisse hi yede to torment alsuo ase hi yede to feste.
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame i. 445 And euery turment eke in helle Saugh he.
1413 Sat. against Lollards 113 in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 246 And namly James among hem alle, For he twyes had turnement.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 289/2 He dyde doo strayne and payne them in the torment of Eculee.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxviii. f. xxv [Mexencius] pursued ye Christen with all kynde of Turment.
1550–1 in Acts Privy Council (1891) III. 230 Order shalbe given that he may be sent up hither to be put to tornement.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 290 It was a torment To lay vpon the damn'd. View more context for this quotation
1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) iv. ii. 161 That torment which the Italians call Tratta de corda, the Strappado.
1709 J. Johnson Clergy-man's Vade Mecum: Pt. II 169 Those who had done sacrifice thro' the violence of torment in time of persecution.
1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. ix. 454 They swift let fall The pointed torment on his visual ball.
b. spec. The punishment of hell.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun] > torment of Hell
witec825
pineOE
wormc1000
woec1175
painc1300
second deathc1384
penancec1395
burning marl1667
penancy1682
torment1852
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin (U.K. ed.) xviii ‘I knows I'm gwine to torment’, said the woman, sullenly.
3.
a. A state of great suffering, bodily or mental; agony; severe pain felt or endured.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [noun]
tintreghc893
threat971
piningOE
murderOE
anguish?c1225
woea1250
pinec1275
tormentc1290
languorc1300
heartbreakc1330
surcarkingc1330
martyrement1340
threst1340
agonyc1384
martyrdomc1384
tormentryc1386
martyre?a1400
tormentisec1405
rack?a1425
anguishing1433
angorc1450
anguishnessa1475
torture?c1550
heartsickness1556
butchery1582
heartache1587
anguishment1592
living hell1596
discruciation1597
heart-aching1607
throeing1615
rigour1632
crucifixion1648
lancination1649
bosom-hell1674
heart-rending1707
brain-racking1708
tormentation1789
bosom-throe1827
angoisse1910
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [noun] > anguish or torment
piningOE
anguishc1225
pinsing?c1225
tormentc1290
afflictiona1382
martyrdomc1384
tormentryc1386
labourc1390
martyryc1390
throea1393
martyre?a1400
cruelty14..
rack?a1425
hacheec1430
prong1440
agonya1450
ragea1450
pang1482
sowing1487
cruciation1496
afflict?1529
torture?c1550
pincha1566
anguishment1592
discruciament1593
excruciation1618
fellness1642
afflictedness1646
pungency1649
perialgia1848
perialgy1857
racking1896
c1290 Beket 434 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 119 So þat þe preost was i-brouȝt In tormenz bi þe meste.
c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 325 Þus [Gij] lay in grete turment Til þat þe fest was al to-went.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 440 That doubleth al my torment [v.r. turment] and my wo.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) i. 34 Ye haue broughte me in grete sorowe and tournement irrecouerable.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 162 A schoirt torment for infineit glaidnes.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. x. sig. K In which his torment often was so great, That like a Lyon he would cry and rore.
1732 A. Pope Corr. 5 Dec. (1956) III. 335 In acute torment by the inflammation in his bowels and breast.
1861 C. Kingsley Lett. (1878) II. 134 The feeling of being always behind-hand..is second only in torment to that of debt.
†b. spec. A griping or wringing pain in the bowels: = tormina n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > pain in specific parts > [noun] > in stomach or bowels
womb achea1398
gnawing1398
torsionc1425
colicc1440
frettingc1440
the wormc1500
wringc1500
griping1526
wresting?1543
wringing?1550
bellyache1552
torment1578
colic passion1586
wind-colic1593
belly-thrawe1595
belly-grinding1597
fret1600
gripe1601
wrenching1607
mulligrubsa1625
bellywarka1652
torminaa1655
efferation1684
stomach-ache1763
gastrodynia1804
guts-ache1818
stony colic1822
wame-ill1829
gastralgia1834
tummy ache1926
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xcii. 273 The seede of Ameos is very good against the griping payne and torment of the belly.
c1610–15 Life St. Margaret in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 112 She..endured moste sharpe payne and torment of stomacke.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 172/1 Swelling and Torment in the Belly [of Cows]..if not speedily helped, is Death to the Beast.
4.
a. An action, circumstance, or condition which causes extreme pain or suffering of body or mind; a source of pain, trouble, or anguish, or in weakened sense, of worry or annoyance.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > [noun]
sorrowOE
ail?c1225
scorpion?c1225
dolec1290
angera1325
anguishc1330
cupa1340
aggrievancea1400
discomfortc1405
afflictionc1429
sytec1440
pressurea1500
constraint1509
tenterhook1532
grief1535
annoying1566
troubler1567
griper1573
vexation1588
infliction1590
trouble1591
temptationc1595
load1600
torment1600
wringer1602
sorance1609
inflicting1611
brusha1616
freighta1631
woe-heart1637
ordeala1658
cut-up1782
unpleasure1792
iron maiden1870
mental cruelty1899
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. iii. 124 No, and sweares shee neuer will, thats her torment . View more context for this quotation
1611 B. Jonson Catiline v. sig. N4v Why Death's the end of euils, and a rest, Rather then torment . View more context for this quotation
1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France II. 364 Want of language, our still recurring torment.
1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. III. 102 The conviction that he had made himself absurd..was his torment.
1841 A. Helps Aids Contentm. in Ess. (1842) 13 A habit of mistrust is the torment of some people.
b. Applied to a person who causes trouble. Cf. plague n. 4a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > playful mischievousness > mischievous person > [noun]
wait-scathe1481
wag-pastya1556
mischief1586
rogue1593
devil1600
villain1609
fiend1621
imp1633
sprite1684
torment1785
scapegrace1809
bad hat1877
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > [noun] > cause of annoyance or vexation > one who or that which annoys
noyera1382
annoyancec1405
offender?a1425
fretter?1504
traik1513
vexer1530
annoying1566
annoyer1577
plagueship1628
annoyancer1632
disobliger1648
nuisance1661
galler1674
bug1785
torment1785
botheration1801
nark1846
scunner1865
bother1866
botherer1869
crucifier1870
dinlo1873
bastard1919
skelf1927
dick1966
wazzock1976
knob jockey1989
1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 632 That instant he [a recruit] becomes the serjeant's care, His pupil, and his torment, and his jest.
1873 ‘Ouida’ Pascarèl I. 32 They were the pride and torment of Mariuccia's life.
1881 ‘Rita’ My Lady Coquette I. i. 6 Will you be quiet, you torment.
c. In jocular use: An instrument of irritation or annoyance: = tormentor n. 3f (In quot. 1882 attributive)
ΚΠ
1882 Daily News 30 May 2/1 The Vale of Health was..the most frequented spot of all,..the ‘torment’ and squirt fun rather too buoyant.
5. A violent storm; a tempest, tornado. Obsolete (except in French form: see tourmente n.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [noun] > stormy weather > a storm > violent storm
tormenta1300
tourmente1847
cyclone1856
cockeye1904
a1300 Fragm. Pop. Sc. (Wright) 184 For þeras the weder is, þer is turment strong Of wynd, of water, and of fur.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 148 In to þe se of Spayn wer dryuen in a torment.
?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 269v Ther roose so a grete torment in the see [Fr. si grant tormente leva de vent].
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 282/1 Torment a storme on the see, tourmente, tempeste.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. xxvi. 199 Vpon the coast of Peru, there be no torments from heauen, as thunder and lightning.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations, as torment-house, torment robe.
ΚΠ
1649 J. Ellistone tr. J. Böhme Epist. v. lxii. 78 Being in the Torment-house of the Starres.
1863 T. Aird Poet. Wks. (new ed.) 239 With torment-pointed threatenings.
1890 E. Hatch Fields of Light 55 Saints who were wafted to the skies In the torment robe of flame.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

tormentv.

Brit. /tɔːˈmɛnt/, U.S. /ˈtɔrˌmɛnt/, /tɔrˈmɛnt/
Forms: see preceding noun; also Middle English past participle (contracted) tor-, turment.
Etymology: < Old French tor-, turmenter (12th cent.), tourmenter, < tor-, turment, noun: compare medieval Latin tormentāre, < tormentum, Provençal turmentar, Spanish tormentar, Italian tormentare.
1. transitive. To put to torment or torture; to inflict torture upon.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > torture > [verb (transitive)]
bethrowOE
tintreghec1175
tormentc1290
pinse?c1335
anguisha1425
pincha1425
to put to (the) torture1551
agonize1570
torture1594
scorchc1595
flay1782
c1290 St. Edmund 181 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 436 Fiet and hondene þat neren nouȝt i-tormentede with þat here Necke and face and al is heued.
c1300 St. Brandan 595 Oure maister ous hath i-turmented so grisliche allonge niȝt.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Rev. xiv. 10 This..shal be tourmentid [a1425 L.V. turmentid] with fijr and brunston.
c1400 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. App. 505 Grevouslich tormented [MS. γ ytormentet].
c1440 Alphabet of Tales 177 When a devull had turment horrebly a man þat he was in.
1475 Bk. Noblesse (Roxb.) 66 They turmentid hym in prison in the most cruelle wise to dethe.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. clxviij To moue the Frenche kynge, that innocente persones be not tormented, for Religion.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxviii. 238 For what offences..men are to be Eternally tormented.
2.
a. To afflict or vex with great suffering or misery, physical or mental; to pain, distress, plague.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > cause anguish to or torment [verb (transitive)]
quelmeOE
eatc1000
martyrOE
fretc1175
woundc1175
to-fret?c1225
gnawc1230
to-traya1250
torment1297
renda1333
anguish1340
grindc1350
wringc1374
debreakc1384
ofpinec1390
rivea1400
urn1488
reboil1528
whip1530
cruciate1532
pinch1548
spur-galla1555
agonize1570
rack1576
cut1582
excruciate1590
scorchc1595
discruciate1596
butcher1597
split1597
torture1598
lacerate1600
harrow1603
hell1614
to eat upa1616
arrow1628
martyrize1652
percruciate1656
tear1666
crucify1702
flay1782
wrench1798
kill1800
to cut up1843
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > affect with type of pain [verb (transitive)] > affect with anguish or torment
tintreghec1175
torment1297
raimc1300
pinse?c1335
grindc1350
sowa1352
pang1520
rack1562
torture1598
throea1616
pincer1620
excruciate1623
thumbscrew1771
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 4920 + 36 Seynt Petur to hym come, as þe slep hym toke, & tormented hym sore ynou.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds v. 33 Whanne thei herden thes thingis, thei weren turmentid, and thouȝten for to sle hem.
c1420 Chron. Vilod. 2902 Þo whyche was wt sekenesse so tourmentyd.
a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1906) 41 The pepille that were..oute of her mynde and turmented.
?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. Aiiij Whan the northe wynde,..Hath brought cold wynter, pore wretches to turment.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxviijv What ys he..that wil not..be moued & tormented with pitie and mercie?
1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 48. 308 Great Evils..torment the Life of Man.
1804 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 12 143 A disease which had tormented me for sixteen years.
1856 [implied in: E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. viii. 87 The eruption, a tormenting and anomalous symptom. (at tormenting adj.)].
b. In lighter sense: To tease or worry excessively; to trouble, ‘plague’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed by [verb (transitive)] > annoy or vex
gremec893
dretchc900
awhenec1000
teenOE
fretc1290
annoyc1300
atrayc1320
encumberc1330
diseasec1340
grindc1350
distemperc1386
offenda1387
arra1400
avexa1400
derea1400
miscomforta1400
angerc1400
engrievec1400
vex1418
molesta1425
entrouble?1435
destroublea1450
poina1450
rubc1450
to wring (a person) on the mailsc1450
disprofit1483
agrea1492
trouble1515
grig1553
mis-set?1553
nip?1553
grate1555
gripe1559
spitec1563
fike?1572
gall1573
corsie1574
corrosive1581
touch1581
disaccommodate1586
macerate1588
perplex1590
thorn1592
exulcerate1593
plague1595
incommode1598
affret1600
brier1601
to gall or tread on (one's) kibes1603
discommodate1606
incommodate1611
to grate on or upon1631
disincommodate1635
shog1636
ulcerate1647
incommodiate1650
to put (a person) out of his (her, etc.) way1653
discommodiate1654
discommode1657
ruffle1659
regrate1661
disoblige1668
torment1718
pesta1729
chagrin1734
pingle1740
bothera1745
potter1747
wherrit1762
to tweak the nose of1784
to play up1803
tout1808
rasp1810
outrage1818
worrit1818
werrit1825
buggerlug1850
taigle1865
get1867
to give a person the pip1881
to get across ——1888
nark1888
eat1893
to twist the tail1895
dudgeon1906
to tweak the tail of1909
sore1929
to put up1930
wouldn't it rip you!1941
sheg1943
to dick around1944
cheese1946
to pee off1946
to honk off1970
to fuck off1973
to tweak (a person's or thing's) tail1977
to tweak (a person's or thing's) nose1983
to wind up1984
to dick about1996
to-teen-
1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 19 May (1965) I. 415 We are tormenting our brains with some Scheme of Politics.
1862 F. D. Maurice Mod. Philos. vii. §44. 373 He tormented the Rabbins with questions.
†3.
a. To throw into agitation; to toss, disturb, shake up, or stir physically. Obsolete (except as a Gallicism).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > agitate [verb (transitive)]
weigha1000
dreveOE
ruska1300
commovec1374
to-stira1382
busy?c1400
tormenta1492
squalper?1527
toss1557
jumble1568
buskle1573
agitate1599
disturb1599
to work up1615
vex1627
conturbate1657
jerry-mumble1709
rejumble1755
jerrycummumble1785
reesle1903
a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) ii. f. ccxlvi/1 Lyke..raymentes when the foller fulleth them & tourmenteth them often vnder his fete.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xlvi. 156 The shyppe was so sore tormentyd, that the shyppe brast all to peces.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 243 That Warr..then soaring on main wing Tormented all the Air; all Air seemd then Conflicting Fire. View more context for this quotation
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 101 The fixed and rooted earth, Tormented into billows, heaves and swells.
1821 [implied in: W. Scott Pirate I. vii. 167 More than once, large fragments..gave way before him, and thundered down into the tormented ocean. (at tormented adj. 1)].
1908 Academy 27 June 927/2 After madame had ‘tormented’ the ingredients—the salad was a dish from fairyland.
b. figurative. To twist, distort (sense, style, etc.).
ΚΠ
1647 H. Hammond Of Power of Keyes iii. 26 Sure this is to pervert and torment the sense.
a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 230 And pay 'em for tormenting Texts.
1895 Daily News 18 Oct. 4/7 In Mr. Pater we had a writer of singular natural gifts, who..ended by embroiling and tormenting his style.

Derivatives

torˈmentable adj. capable of being tormented, susceptible of torment.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > [adjective] > capable of being
vexable1808
tormentable1841
1841 R. W. Emerson Circles in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 323 The great man is not convulsible or tormentable.
† tormenˈtation n. Obsolete tormenting, torment.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [noun]
tintreghc893
threat971
piningOE
murderOE
anguish?c1225
woea1250
pinec1275
tormentc1290
languorc1300
heartbreakc1330
surcarkingc1330
martyrement1340
threst1340
agonyc1384
martyrdomc1384
tormentryc1386
martyre?a1400
tormentisec1405
rack?a1425
anguishing1433
angorc1450
anguishnessa1475
torture?c1550
heartsickness1556
butchery1582
heartache1587
anguishment1592
living hell1596
discruciation1597
heart-aching1607
throeing1615
rigour1632
crucifixion1648
lancination1649
bosom-hell1674
heart-rending1707
brain-racking1708
tormentation1789
bosom-throe1827
angoisse1910
1789 A. C. Bower Diaries & Corr. (1903) 53 I shall have no more Tormentations.
† torˈmentative adj. Obsolete that torments, tormenting.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > [adjective]
anguishous?c1225
wounding?c1225
asperc1374
derflya1400
rending?c1400
furiousc1405
fretting1413
piercingc1450
anguish1477
piquant1521
anguishing?1566
plaguing1566
asperous?1567
agonizing1570
tormenting1575
wringing1576
cutting1582
tormentous1583
tormentful1596
tormentuous1597
racking1598
torturous1600
lacerating1609
torturing1611
tearinga1616
heart-aching1620
breast-rending1625
crucifying1648
tormentative1654
martyring?a1656
tormentive1655
discruciating1658
cruciatory1660
anguishful1685
brain-racking1708
probing1749
agonized1793
anguished1803
harrowing1810
vulnerary1821
grinding1869
torturesome1889
wrenching1889
tortuous1922
1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iii. viii. 124 From Furies, and things worse tormentative.
† torˈmentive adj. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > [adjective]
anguishous?c1225
wounding?c1225
asperc1374
derflya1400
rending?c1400
furiousc1405
fretting1413
piercingc1450
anguish1477
piquant1521
anguishing?1566
plaguing1566
asperous?1567
agonizing1570
tormenting1575
wringing1576
cutting1582
tormentous1583
tormentful1596
tormentuous1597
racking1598
torturous1600
lacerating1609
torturing1611
tearinga1616
heart-aching1620
breast-rending1625
crucifying1648
tormentative1654
martyring?a1656
tormentive1655
discruciating1658
cruciatory1660
anguishful1685
brain-racking1708
probing1749
agonized1793
anguished1803
harrowing1810
vulnerary1821
grinding1869
torturesome1889
wrenching1889
tortuous1922
1655 F. G. tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Artamenes IV. 3 His presence is so tormentive unto me.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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