top-downadv.adj.

Brit.

/ˌtɒpˈdaʊn/, U.S.

/ˌtɑpˈdaʊn/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: top n.¹, down adv.

Etymology: < top n.¹ + down adv.

A. adv.

From the top downwards; esp. with an approach or structure that proceeds in this way (see sense B. 1). Cf. bottom-up adv.²

ΚΠ

1909 Concrete (Detroit) Sept. 33/2 The model being made top down and the entire rim modeled by the simple means of swinging the templet and movable arm around upon the modeling board.

1957 G. Strauss et al. Unions in Building Trades 146 Many industrial unions were organized top down.

1966 E. D. Oliver Diffusional Separation Processes iv. 117 Calculations are made top down and bottom up by alternate use of equilibrium and material balance relations.

2008 P. Abrahams Beneath Surface 75 Whether working high up or on the ground it is important to work top down, or there is a risk of dripping paint on the work, on yourself or on passers-by.

2017 Church Times 28 Apr. 21/1 When I was at university in the early 1960s, we studied it top-down.

B. adj.

1. That proceeds from the top downwards. Frequently contrasted with bottom-up.

a. Designating a system of government or management in which decisions are taken and actions, policies, etc., are initiated at the highest level in a hierarchy; of or relating to such a system.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > authoritarian > in structure or organization

top-down1930

1923 Managem. & Admin Aug. 217/1 I wonder if the time is far distant when this ‘from-the-bottom-up’ process, and ‘from-the-top-down’ process, will meet and merge, giving us one function of control, covering both production and financial activities.]

1930 Daily Digest (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 25 Jan. 3 Can we reconcile warring personalities; can we keep a balance between top-down management and bottom-up control?

1969 R. Blackburn in A. Cockburn & R. Blackburn Student Power 178 Its officials are robbed of all real initiative by the requirements of rule obedience, top-down control and hierarchy.

2012 National Trust Mag. Spring 24/2 Its proposed new policy framework..reinforced the importance of local plans for areas, as opposed to the top-down targets imposed by Whitehall or bureaucratic regional administrations.

2020 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 20 Nov. 18 Arrests for taking people out of care homes are the logical consequence of a coercive, top-down system.

b. Computing. Designating program writing and development in which the higher-level elements are dealt with first, and then successively lower-level functions or modules (with or without backtracking).

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > data > [adjective] > data structure

push-down1959

threaded1960

balanced1962

machine-coded1964

push-up1966

1961 Proc. Eastern Joint Computer Conf. (AFIPS) 320/2 The system at this point consists of a number of these segments. By working from the top down (using the top block as a ‘control’), changes may be minimized.]

1964 Communications ACM 7 80 My analyzer is bottom-up and Warshall's is top-down.

1972 O. J. Dahl et al. Structured Programming p. v Structured programming principles can be equally applied in ‘bottom-up’ as in ‘top-down’ program design.

1992 Village Voice (N.Y.) 7 Apr. 48/2 Rather than following a top-down program, she is hard-wired with a neural net that allows her to learn from experience.

2020 IEEE Access 8 112333 We propose a novel and simple top-down approach for constructing ISTs [= independent spanning trees] in alternating group networks.

c. Proceeding from the general to the particular; (of planning or design) starting with the overall structure and going on to successively more detailed parts.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > [adjective] > top-down (of planning or design)

top-down1964

1964 Jrnl. Farm Econ. 46 470 In this way, a ‘top down’ approach can be introduced in the evaluation of specific area development projects.

1980 Times 9 Feb. 17/2 The emphasis in the latest public spending round has shifted from ‘bottom up’ planning, where spending totals are built up from the individual elements in the programmes, to ‘top down’ planning.

2014 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 372 (Article ID 20140175) 11 A systematic ‘top-down’ plan based on first articulating systematic research priorities and then identifying what experiments (if any) would be required to address these.

a. Of a convertible car: having the roof retracted or folded back; (of a drive, journey, etc.) with the roof open in this way.

ΚΠ

1942 Pocatello (Idaho) Tribune 26 Aug. 4/1 A young fat-head in a top-down convertible forced a lady wheeling a baby carriage to stop and back completely to the curb.

1990 G. G. Liddy Monkey Handlers vi. 90 How do you feel about top-down travel? It could blow the hell out of your hair.

2010 @Illustratedlady 12 Apr. in twitter.com (accessed 20 Dec. 2021) Was a great day for a top-down cruise. Yes I went topless....the car I mean lol.

b. Positioned with the top pointing downwards; with the top at the bottom.

ΚΠ

1944 R. L. Putman Let. 12 Nov. in Lett. to Friends (1945) xiv. 221 The bottles always being kept in the top-down position.

1963 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 14 May 489/1 The container is tilted in a top-down position for discharging said bulk materials.

2009 Grocer (Nexis) 19 Sept. 57 The latest addition to the sauce range is spicy tomato ketchup in a squeezy top-down bottle.

2018 InstaBlogs (Nexis) 25 Jan. Top down storage keeps your best ballpoints from being exposed to the environment.

3. Designating a view of something from above. Also: involving or using such a view; esp. designating a computer game in which the action is viewed from an overhead or aerial perspective.

ΚΠ

1978 Sunday Oklahoman 30 Apr. (Life & Leisure section) 6/6 One [road] is the twisting dead-ender up old Raton Pass, offering a superlative panoramic top-down view of Raton.

1986 Extended Abstr. (Electrochem. Soc.) 86 ii. 406/2 (caption) Top down photograph taken at 500X with DIC microscopy.

2005 A. Burdick Out of Eden (2006) xxiv. 312 A new dock extends from the lawn a dozen or so feet out over the water, affording a top-down view of the intertidal fauna.

2021 @Namatnieks 8 Jan. in twitter.com (accessed 15 Dec. 2021) Bacon Rebellion, my small and silly top-down shooter game is out now!

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022).

单词	top-down
释义	top-downadv.adj. Brit. /ˌtɒpˈdaʊn/, U.S. /ˌtɑpˈdaʊn/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: top n.¹, down adv. Etymology: < top n.¹ + down adv. A. adv. From the top downwards; esp. with an approach or structure that proceeds in this way (see sense B. 1). Cf. bottom-up adv.² ΚΠ 1909 Concrete (Detroit) Sept. 33/2 The model being made top down and the entire rim modeled by the simple means of swinging the templet and movable arm around upon the modeling board. 1957 G. Strauss et al. Unions in Building Trades 146 Many industrial unions were organized top down. 1966 E. D. Oliver Diffusional Separation Processes iv. 117 Calculations are made top down and bottom up by alternate use of equilibrium and material balance relations. 2008 P. Abrahams Beneath Surface 75 Whether working high up or on the ground it is important to work top down, or there is a risk of dripping paint on the work, on yourself or on passers-by. 2017 Church Times 28 Apr. 21/1 When I was at university in the early 1960s, we studied it top-down. B. adj. 1. That proceeds from the top downwards. Frequently contrasted with bottom-up. a. Designating a system of government or management in which decisions are taken and actions, policies, etc., are initiated at the highest level in a hierarchy; of or relating to such a system. ΘΚΠ society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > authoritarian > in structure or organization top-down1930 1923 Managem. & Admin Aug. 217/1 I wonder if the time is far distant when this ‘from-the-bottom-up’ process, and ‘from-the-top-down’ process, will meet and merge, giving us one function of control, covering both production and financial activities.] 1930 Daily Digest (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 25 Jan. 3 Can we reconcile warring personalities; can we keep a balance between top-down management and bottom-up control? 1969 R. Blackburn in A. Cockburn & R. Blackburn Student Power 178 Its officials are robbed of all real initiative by the requirements of rule obedience, top-down control and hierarchy. 2012 National Trust Mag. Spring 24/2 Its proposed new policy framework..reinforced the importance of local plans for areas, as opposed to the top-down targets imposed by Whitehall or bureaucratic regional administrations. 2020 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 20 Nov. 18 Arrests for taking people out of care homes are the logical consequence of a coercive, top-down system. b. Computing. Designating program writing and development in which the higher-level elements are dealt with first, and then successively lower-level functions or modules (with or without backtracking). ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > [adjective] > data structure push-down1959 threaded1960 balanced1962 machine-coded1964 push-up1966 1961 Proc. Eastern Joint Computer Conf. (AFIPS) 320/2 The system at this point consists of a number of these segments. By working from the top down (using the top block as a ‘control’), changes may be minimized.] 1964 Communications ACM 7 80 My analyzer is bottom-up and Warshall's is top-down. 1972 O. J. Dahl et al. Structured Programming p. v Structured programming principles can be equally applied in ‘bottom-up’ as in ‘top-down’ program design. 1992 Village Voice (N.Y.) 7 Apr. 48/2 Rather than following a top-down program, she is hard-wired with a neural net that allows her to learn from experience. 2020 IEEE Access 8 112333 We propose a novel and simple top-down approach for constructing ISTs [= independent spanning trees] in alternating group networks. c. Proceeding from the general to the particular; (of planning or design) starting with the overall structure and going on to successively more detailed parts. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > [adjective] > top-down (of planning or design) top-down1964 1964 Jrnl. Farm Econ. 46 470 In this way, a ‘top down’ approach can be introduced in the evaluation of specific area development projects. 1980 Times 9 Feb. 17/2 The emphasis in the latest public spending round has shifted from ‘bottom up’ planning, where spending totals are built up from the individual elements in the programmes, to ‘top down’ planning. 2014 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 372 (Article ID 20140175) 11 A systematic ‘top-down’ plan based on first articulating systematic research priorities and then identifying what experiments (if any) would be required to address these. 2. a. Of a convertible car: having the roof retracted or folded back; (of a drive, journey, etc.) with the roof open in this way. ΚΠ 1942 Pocatello (Idaho) Tribune 26 Aug. 4/1 A young fat-head in a top-down convertible forced a lady wheeling a baby carriage to stop and back completely to the curb. 1990 G. G. Liddy Monkey Handlers vi. 90 How do you feel about top-down travel? It could blow the hell out of your hair. 2010 @Illustratedlady 12 Apr. in twitter.com (accessed 20 Dec. 2021) Was a great day for a top-down cruise. Yes I went topless....the car I mean lol. b. Positioned with the top pointing downwards; with the top at the bottom. ΚΠ 1944 R. L. Putman Let. 12 Nov. in Lett. to Friends (1945) xiv. 221 The bottles always being kept in the top-down position. 1963 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 14 May 489/1 The container is tilted in a top-down position for discharging said bulk materials. 2009 Grocer (Nexis) 19 Sept. 57 The latest addition to the sauce range is spicy tomato ketchup in a squeezy top-down bottle. 2018 InstaBlogs (Nexis) 25 Jan. Top down storage keeps your best ballpoints from being exposed to the environment. 3. Designating a view of something from above. Also: involving or using such a view; esp. designating a computer game in which the action is viewed from an overhead or aerial perspective. ΚΠ 1978 Sunday Oklahoman 30 Apr. (Life & Leisure section) 6/6 One [road] is the twisting dead-ender up old Raton Pass, offering a superlative panoramic top-down view of Raton. 1986 Extended Abstr. (Electrochem. Soc.) 86 ii. 406/2 (caption) Top down photograph taken at 500X with DIC microscopy. 2005 A. Burdick Out of Eden (2006) xxiv. 312 A new dock extends from the lawn a dozen or so feet out over the water, affording a top-down view of the intertidal fauna. 2021 @Namatnieks 8 Jan. in twitter.com (accessed 15 Dec. 2021) Bacon Rebellion, my small and silly top-down shooter game is out now! This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022). < adv.adj.1909
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