toyonn.

Brit.

/ˈtɔɪɒn/, U.S.

/ˈtɔɪˌɑn/

Forms: 1800s– tollon (now rare), 1800s– toyon.

Origin: A borrowing from an Ohlone (Costanoan) language.

Etymology: Ultimately < a word in an Ohlone (Costanoan) language (probably a Chochenyo cognate of Mutsun tyottyoni), probably via Californian Spanish.Chochenyo was formerly spoken on the eastern side of San Francisco Bay; it regularly shows yy (/j/) where Mutsun has tty . Spanish evidence. No secure direct evidence has been traced for the Californian Spanish word (although compare the note on quot. 1848), but this (now obsolete) variety of the language is not well recorded in writing. The English form tollon appears to reflect an unattested Spanish form using the grapheme ll (usually pronounced /ʎ/) to reflect the intervocalic /j/ of the ultimate etymon. In early 20th cent. English use, this form is sometimes associated (by folk etymology) with the unrelated Spanish tollón narrow valley, gorge. Compare the following early reference to the local name of the plant (cited by a British writer), although it is unclear whether this is intended to show the (otherwise unattested) Spanish word or its etymon:1848 G. Bentham Plantæ Hartwegianæ (1857) 307 Photinia arbutifolia, Toyon incolarum. [Photinia arbutifolia, the toyon of the local people.]

An evergreen shrub or small tree native to California, Heteromeles arbutifolia (family Rosaceae), found in dry scrub, heath, and woodland habitats, and bearing toothed leaves, small white flowers, and round red fruits. Also in toyon bush, toyon tree. Also called California holly.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > berry-bush or -tree > [noun] > holly bush > types of

French oak1597

free holly1610

gallberry1709

gall-bush1728

milkmaid1731

winterberry1752

mountain holly1805

mountain holly1818

toyon1847

Minorca holly1853

mountain holly1901

inkberry weed-

1847 T. Hartweg in Jrnl. Hort. Soc. 2 190 The sand-hills that surround the town..are but thinly covered with brushwood of oak (Quercus californica, Ceanothus thyrsiflorus, Rhus, ‘Toyon’, Prunus No. 102, and Baccharis No. 123).

1876 W. H. Brewer et al. Botany (Geol. Surv. Calif.) I. 188 Heteromeles arbutifolia, Toyon or Tollon.

1883 A. Kellogg Forest Trees Calif. (App. to 2nd Rep. State Mineralogist Calif.) 9 Few denizens of the wild woods possess greater interest than the Toyon tree, or Laurel Hawthorn.

1932 Farmers' Bull. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) No. 1693. 21 The Christmasberry, or toyon, which grows abundantly on the wild lands of the foothill region in California, is harvested in large quantities at Christmas time.

1953 J. S. Rowley in A. C. Bent Life N. Amer. Wood Warblers (Bull. U.S. National Mus. No. 203) 103 The usual nesting site here seems to be in a small toyon bush, rather well concealed, but not over 2 to 3 feet from the ground.

2012 M. G. Schmidt & K. L. Greenberg Growing Calif. Native Plants (ed. 2) 108 Toyon is mostly a dense shrub, but it tends to be rangy in wooded areas.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	toyon
释义	toyonn. Brit. /ˈtɔɪɒn/, U.S. /ˈtɔɪˌɑn/ Forms: 1800s– tollon (now rare), 1800s– toyon. Origin: A borrowing from an Ohlone (Costanoan) language. Etymology: Ultimately < a word in an Ohlone (Costanoan) language (probably a Chochenyo cognate of Mutsun tyottyoni), probably via Californian Spanish.Chochenyo was formerly spoken on the eastern side of San Francisco Bay; it regularly shows yy (/j/) where Mutsun has tty . Spanish evidence. No secure direct evidence has been traced for the Californian Spanish word (although compare the note on quot. 1848), but this (now obsolete) variety of the language is not well recorded in writing. The English form tollon appears to reflect an unattested Spanish form using the grapheme ll (usually pronounced /ʎ/) to reflect the intervocalic /j/ of the ultimate etymon. In early 20th cent. English use, this form is sometimes associated (by folk etymology) with the unrelated Spanish tollón narrow valley, gorge. Compare the following early reference to the local name of the plant (cited by a British writer), although it is unclear whether this is intended to show the (otherwise unattested) Spanish word or its etymon:1848 G. Bentham Plantæ Hartwegianæ (1857) 307 Photinia arbutifolia, Toyon incolarum. [Photinia arbutifolia, the toyon of the local people.] An evergreen shrub or small tree native to California, Heteromeles arbutifolia (family Rosaceae), found in dry scrub, heath, and woodland habitats, and bearing toothed leaves, small white flowers, and round red fruits. Also in toyon bush, toyon tree. Also called California holly. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > berry-bush or -tree > [noun] > holly bush > types of French oak1597 free holly1610 gallberry1709 gall-bush1728 milkmaid1731 winterberry1752 mountain holly1805 mountain holly1818 toyon1847 Minorca holly1853 mountain holly1901 inkberry weed- 1847 T. Hartweg in Jrnl. Hort. Soc. 2 190 The sand-hills that surround the town..are but thinly covered with brushwood of oak (Quercus californica, Ceanothus thyrsiflorus, Rhus, ‘Toyon’, Prunus No. 102, and Baccharis No. 123). 1876 W. H. Brewer et al. Botany (Geol. Surv. Calif.) I. 188 Heteromeles arbutifolia, Toyon or Tollon. 1883 A. Kellogg Forest Trees Calif. (App. to 2nd Rep. State Mineralogist Calif.) 9 Few denizens of the wild woods possess greater interest than the Toyon tree, or Laurel Hawthorn. 1932 Farmers' Bull. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) No. 1693. 21 The Christmasberry, or toyon, which grows abundantly on the wild lands of the foothill region in California, is harvested in large quantities at Christmas time. 1953 J. S. Rowley in A. C. Bent Life N. Amer. Wood Warblers (Bull. U.S. National Mus. No. 203) 103 The usual nesting site here seems to be in a small toyon bush, rather well concealed, but not over 2 to 3 feet from the ground. 2012 M. G. Schmidt & K. L. Greenberg Growing Calif. Native Plants (ed. 2) 108 Toyon is mostly a dense shrub, but it tends to be rangy in wooded areas. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1847
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