tonicadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈtɒnɪk/, U.S.

/ˈtɑnɪk/

Etymology: < Greek τονικός of or for stretching, < τόνος : see tone n. Compare modern Latin tonicus, French tonique (16th cent. in Godefroy Compl.).

A. adj.

1. Physiology and Pathology.

a. Pertaining to, consisting in, or producing tension: esp. in relation to the muscles. tonic contraction, continuous muscular contraction without relaxation. tonic convulsion or spasm, one characterized by such contraction (opposed to clonic adj.). †tonic motion, a former term for a state of continuous tension in the muscles such as that which keeps the body erect (cf. quot. 1646 at tonical adj. 1).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > [adjective] > muscular tension

tonical1586

tonic1649

inotropic1903

ionotropic1939

1649 J. Bulwer Pathomyotomia ii. i. 83 Action without motion of the Muscle, is called a Tonique motion.

1666 J. Smith Γηροκομία Βασιλικὴ (1676) 62 They [muscles] can perform adduction, abduction; flexion, extension; pronation, supination, the Tonick motion, circumgiration.

1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. iii. 381 Of Worms, or Insects that have no solid Props within themselves, but perform all their weakly motions by a mere tonic or muscular power.

1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 340 The increased tonic motion of the vessels which the Stahlians..considered as the efficient cause of inflammation.

1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 135 Motions of tonic contraction, augmented in many places by the action of the elastic tissue.

1834 J. Forbes tr. R. T. H. Laennec Treat. Dis. Chest (ed. 4) 375 We cannot regard the tonic spasm of the bronchi, or even perhaps of the air-cells, as impossible; since every muscle is susceptible of spasm.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 351 Tonic or clonic convulsions sometimes occur [in positive hæmorrhage].

b. Pertaining to, or maintaining, the tone or normal healthy condition of the tissues or organs (cf. tone n. 7). See also A. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > restoratives, tonics, or stimulants > [adjective] > tonic

corroborative1583

corroborant1626

tonic1684

1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 207 The tone or tonick disposition of the organs whereby they perform their several functions.

1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 65 Stahl's ideas respecting the tonic or vital action of the capillary vessels.

1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. i. v. 93 This pervading activity of the muscles is called their tonic state.

2. Medicine, etc. Having the property of increasing or restoring the tone or healthy condition and activity of the system or organs; strengthening, invigorating, bracing. (Of remedies or remedial treatment, and hence of air, climate, etc.) Also tonic water, a non-alcoholic carbonated drink containing quinine or another bitter as a stimulant of appetite and digestion; a drink or glass of this; tonic wine, weak, flavoured wine sold as a medicinal tonic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > [adjective]

cooling?c1425

comfortablec1440

refreshing1534

rousing1576

vegetant1576

reviving1579

refriscative1582

refrigerating1583

cordial1584

airy1591

freshing1591

animating1595

fertile1597

recreating1600

refective1611

refreshfula1614

comforting1623

refrigerant1626

erecting1654

cordialine1674

refocillating1675

corroboratinga1680

refectory1693

invigorating1694

restoring1697

freshful1734

enlivening1746–7

livelya1754

tonic1756

stimulatory1758

vivifying1768

energizing1786

stimulative1791

refreshening1807

vitalizing1813

stimulating1827

recuperative1843

invigorative1860

innerving1868

breezy1870

tonicizing1890

reparatory1893

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > types of wine > [noun] > medicinal wine

viper-wine1631

mandrake winea1640

wine whey1769

mandragora1844

tonic wine1899

Sanatogen1924

the world > food and drink > drink > aerated or carbonated drink > [noun] > tonic water

tonic water1926

tonic1935

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters iii. 205 Their vapor..is found to be more tonic.

1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 160 A long course of steel, in conjunction with tonic bitters.

1869 A. J. Evans Vashti xxiv. 327 Be sure she takes that tonic mixture three times a day.

1885 G. Meredith Diana of Crossways I. v. 109 She spoke of the weather, frosty, but tonic.

1899 Graphic 11 Mar. 320/1 (advt.) His Holiness the Pope writes that he has fully appreciated the beneficent effects of this Tonic Wine.

1926 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 6 July 9/6 (advt.) Schweppes famous British table waters. Soda water,..ginger beer, tonic water.

1958 S. Hyland Who goes Hang? xi. 53 ‘What will there be to draft?’ asked Mrs. Kimmis..over the top of a tonic water.

1970 G. Greer Female Eunuch 276 Perhaps she can try a glass or two of tonic wine? More likely her G.P. will..prescribe a happiness pill.

1982 G. F. Newman Men with Guns x. 74 He drank gin swamped with Indian tonic water.

figurative.1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. ii. x. 133 God brings thee The tonic cup I feared to mix.1867 H. Latham Black & White p. viii One great benefit to be derived from a visit to America is its tonic effect upon the mind.

3. Music.

a. Formerly applied to the key-note of a composition ( tonic note), now called simply tonic (see B. 2); now (attributive use of B. 2), Pertaining to or founded upon the tonic or key-note: as tonic chord, a chord having the tonic for its root; tonic pedal, the key-note sustained as a pedal n.¹ 7.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [adjective] > diatonic scale > notes of

tonic1761

subdominant1803

dominant1813

submediant1851

superdominant1864

1761 F. H. E. Stiles in Philos. Trans. 1760 (Royal Soc.) 51 773 Two modes with the same tonic note, the one neither acuter nor graver than the other, make no part of the old system of modes.

1867 G. A. Macfarren Six Lect. Harmony ii. 53 A tonic pedal..has the effect of confirming the conclusion indicated by a perfect cadence.

1880 J. Stainer Composition §14 The third degree of the scale can form a portion of a tonic chord, or chord of the relative minor.

b. Tonic Sol-fa: name of a system of teaching music, esp. vocal music, introduced by the Rev. John Curwen about 1850, in which the seven notes of the ordinary major scale in any key are sung to syllables written doh, ray, me, fah, soh, lah, te (modifications of the older do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si: see these words and gamut n.), and indicated in the notation by the initials d, r, m, etc.; doh always denoting the tonic or key-note, and the remaining syllables indicating the relation to it of the other notes of the scale. Chiefly attributive. Hence Tonic Sol-faist n. /-fɑːɪst/ one who advocates or uses the Tonic Sol-fa system.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > study or science of music > music scholar > [noun] > advocate of specific music

temperer1829

Tonic Sol-faist1852

sol-faist1882

mensuralist1901

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > diatonic scale series > sol-fa system

sol-fa?1549

sol-fa-re1600

Tonic Sol-fa1852

fasola1933

1852 J. Curwen (title) Pupils' Manual of the Tonic Sol-Fa Method of teaching to sing; and the Tonic Sol-Fa School Music.

1883 American 6 174 At the annual meeting in London..of the Tonic Sol-Fa College.

1881 J. Broadhouse Student's Helmholtz 372 We agree most cordially with our friends the tonic sol-faists.1895 Daily News 30 Dec. 5/2 So many of the Welsh are Tonic Solfaists.

a. Pertaining to musical tone or quality.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > [adjective] > timbre or quality

tonical1656

tonic1795

timbred1942

1795 W. Mason Ess. Eng. Church Music i. 42 This solemn instrument [the organ]... In point of tonic power, I presume, it will be allowed preferable to all others.

b. Pertaining or relating to tone or accent in speech; indicating the tone or accent of spoken words or syllables; characterized by distinctions of tone or accent. tonic accent (= French accent tonique), the stress-accent of a word.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [adjective] > intonation

tonic1849

intoned1854

tonal1866

intonational1895

tonetic1922

1849 Jrnl. Indian Archipel. & Eastern Asia 3 668 The influence of this habit of the tonic languages is still largely impressed on their Malay-Polynesian and Turonian descendants and congeners.

1859 S. W. Williams (title) A Tonic Dictionary of the Chinese language in the Canton dialect.

1867 W. D. Howells Ital. Journeys 72 In their divine language, and with that ineffable tonic accent which no foreigner perfectly acquires.

1868 F. M. Müller Stratif. Lang. 42 The Thibetan is..tonic and monosyllabic.

1894 A. H. Keane in Church Mission. Intell. Oct. 723 Thus the monosyllable pa will be toned in six or more different ways to represent so many original dissyllables, pada, pake, pana, pasa, pata..and some of the Chinese and Shan dialects have..as many as ten or twelve such tones... Hence these languages are now called isolating and tonic rather than isolating and monosyllabic.

1896 A. H. Keane Ethnol. xii. 324 A far more important feature than the length of the words is their tonic utterance.

B. n.

a. Medicine. A tonic medicine, application, or agent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > restoratives, tonics, or stimulants > [noun] > tonic

strengthening1571

strengthener1579

corroborative1601

fortification1655

roborant1661

corroborator1674

corroboratica1704

corroborant1738

bracer1740

tonic1799

invigorant1822

1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 283 Tonica are those things which being externally applied to, and rubb'd into the Limbs, strengthen the Nerves and Tendons.]

1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 116 When..the hectic symptoms were subdued, and only weakness remained, tonics completed the cure.

1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 54 Substances..which, when taken internally, act upon the nutrition of the various tissues so as to restore lost tone... Such substances are known as tonics.

1897 Badminton Mag. 4 380 My hair tonic costs eight-and-sixpence a bottle.

b. figurative. An invigorating or bracing influence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > [noun] > that which or one who refreshes or invigorates

spice?c1225

comfort1377

refresherc1450

refreshment1532

reviver1542

sauce1561

salt1579

refocillation1608

whettera1625

fillip1699

stimulant1728

stimulation1733

yeast1769

stimulus1791

inspiriter1821

stimulatory1821

refreshener1824

boost1825

bracer1826

young blood1830

freshener1838

invigoratorc1842

blow1849

tonic1849

elevation1850

stimulator1851

breather1876

pick-me-up1876

a shot in the arm1922

1849 A. H. Clough Poems & Prose Remains (1869) II. 10 The tonic of a wholesome pride.

1874 F. W. Farrar Silence & Voices of God viii. 136 It is the strongest of moral tonics.

c. Tonic water.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > aerated or carbonated drink > [noun] > tonic water

tonic water1926

tonic1935

1935 S. Box in Best One-act Plays 1935 56 Waiter! That will be two whiskies, and a gin and tonic.

1949 J. B. Priestley Delight 29 Just gin and tonic and some potato crisps.

1972 M. J. Bosse Incident at Naha ii. 108 We all had vodka and tonics.

2. Music.

a. = keynote n. 1. tonic major or minor: that key (major or minor) which has the same key-note as a given key (minor or major).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > diatonic scale series > notes in diatonic scale

keya1450

seventh1591

fifth1597

final1609

octave1656

sub-octave1659

keynote1677

mediant1721

sensible note?1775

subdominant?1775

submediant?1775

medius1782

leading note1786

nominal1786

subsemitone1799

superdominant1806

supertonic1806

tonic1806

subtonic1817

dominant1823

sensitive note1845

nominal note1884

1806 J. W. Callcott Musical Gram. ii. iv. 131 The Tonic Minor must have in its Signature another flat.

1889 E. Prout Harmony i. §12 The first note of the scale is called the Tonic, or Key-note. This is the note which gives its name to the scale and key.

b. The principal key of a musical composition or passage; the home key.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > key > principal key of piece

home key1890

tonic1896

1896 G. Grove Beethoven & his Nine Symphonies 8 The Coda which closes the first movement, after repeating in the tonic the phrase already quoted as No. 5, combines the wind instrument passage with the first subject.

1923 E. Evans Beethoven's Nine Symphonies I. 177 At the third portion we have a new treatment of the first part of the same subject..leading to a triumphant cadence in C as tonic.

1961 A. Hopkins Talking about Symphonies i. 20 The key you start in is called the ‘Tonic’.

1979 D. R. Hofstadter Gödel, Escher, Bach v. 130 With the inversion of the theme for our melody, we begin in D as if that had always been the tonic—but we modulate back to G after all, which means that we pop back into the tonic, and the B-section ends properly.

Derivatives

ˈtonic v. (transitive) to act as a tonic upon, to invigorate, ‘brace up’; to administer a tonic to.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (transitive)]

akeleOE

restOE

comfort1303

ease1330

quickc1350

recurea1382

refresha1382

refetec1384

restorec1384

affilea1393

enforcec1400

freshc1405

revigour?a1425

recomfortc1425

recreatec1425

quicken?c1430

revive1442

cheerc1443

refection?c1450

refect1488

unweary1530

freshen1532

corroborate1541

vige?c1550

erect?1555

recollect?1560

repose1562

respite1565

rouse1574

requicken1576

animate1585

enlive1593

revify1598

inanimate1600

insinew1600

to wind up1602

vigorize1603

inspiritc1610

invigour1611

refocillate1611

revigorate1611

renovate1614

spriten1614

repaira1616

activate1624

vigour1636

enliven1644

invigorate1646

rally1650

reinvigorate1652

renerve1652

to freshen up1654

righta1656

re-enlivena1660

recruita1661

enlighten1667

revivify1675

untire1677

reanimate1694

stimulate1759

rebrace1764

refreshen1780

brisken1799

irrigate1823

tonic1825

to fresh up1835

ginger1844

spell1846

recuperate1849

binge1854

tone1859

innerve1880

fiercen1896

to tone up1896

to buck up1909

pep1912

to zip up1927

to perk up1936

to zizz up1944

hep1948

to zing up1948

juice1964

1825 New Monthly Mag. 15 199/1 It tonicked the sedentary stomach into unwonted vigour.

ˈtonicking n.

ΚΠ

1889 R. C. Praed Romance of Station 126 She needed..tonicking;..her blood didn't nourish her brain properly.

Draft additions 1993

c. Phonetics. The syllable of a tone-group which carries the primary accent; = nucleus n. 12a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > accent > stress accent > stress group > syllables with respect to

subtonic1827

pretone1884

pretonic1892

head1922

nucleus1922

tail1922

peak1935

post-nuclear1944

precontour1945

nuclear1949

tonic1962

1962 A. C. Gimson Introd. Pronunc. Eng. vii. 141 The first column..shows vowels in a place more than one syllable removed from the tonic.

1964 M. A. K. Halliday et al. Ling. Sci. ii. 46 The foreign visitor who wants a ticket to ‘Oxford Street’ or ‘Tottenham Court Road’ must get the tonic in the right place.

1977 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 40 654/2 The structure of the basic intonational unit, the tone-group, consists of an obligatory tonic, i.e. the syllable where the pitch movement identifying the tonic type begins, and an optional pretonic element.

1981 Language & Speech 24 9 When the information focus is realized on a contrasted element, or a ‘new’ element that is not recoverable from the preceding discourse, the information focus is consistently identified as the tonic of the utterance.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	tonic
释义	tonicadj.n. Brit. /ˈtɒnɪk/, U.S. /ˈtɑnɪk/ Etymology: < Greek τονικός of or for stretching, < τόνος : see tone n. Compare modern Latin tonicus, French tonique (16th cent. in Godefroy Compl.). A. adj. 1. Physiology and Pathology. a. Pertaining to, consisting in, or producing tension: esp. in relation to the muscles. tonic contraction, continuous muscular contraction without relaxation. tonic convulsion or spasm, one characterized by such contraction (opposed to clonic adj.). †tonic motion, a former term for a state of continuous tension in the muscles such as that which keeps the body erect (cf. quot. 1646 at tonical adj. 1). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > [adjective] > muscular tension tonical1586 tonic1649 inotropic1903 ionotropic1939 1649 J. Bulwer Pathomyotomia ii. i. 83 Action without motion of the Muscle, is called a Tonique motion. 1666 J. Smith Γηροκομία Βασιλικὴ (1676) 62 They [muscles] can perform adduction, abduction; flexion, extension; pronation, supination, the Tonick motion, circumgiration. 1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. iii. 381 Of Worms, or Insects that have no solid Props within themselves, but perform all their weakly motions by a mere tonic or muscular power. 1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 340 The increased tonic motion of the vessels which the Stahlians..considered as the efficient cause of inflammation. 1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 135 Motions of tonic contraction, augmented in many places by the action of the elastic tissue. 1834 J. Forbes tr. R. T. H. Laennec Treat. Dis. Chest (ed. 4) 375 We cannot regard the tonic spasm of the bronchi, or even perhaps of the air-cells, as impossible; since every muscle is susceptible of spasm. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 351 Tonic or clonic convulsions sometimes occur [in positive hæmorrhage]. b. Pertaining to, or maintaining, the tone or normal healthy condition of the tissues or organs (cf. tone n. 7). See also A. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > restoratives, tonics, or stimulants > [adjective] > tonic corroborative1583 corroborant1626 tonic1684 1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 207 The tone or tonick disposition of the organs whereby they perform their several functions. 1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 65 Stahl's ideas respecting the tonic or vital action of the capillary vessels. 1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. i. v. 93 This pervading activity of the muscles is called their tonic state. 2. Medicine, etc. Having the property of increasing or restoring the tone or healthy condition and activity of the system or organs; strengthening, invigorating, bracing. (Of remedies or remedial treatment, and hence of air, climate, etc.) Also tonic water, a non-alcoholic carbonated drink containing quinine or another bitter as a stimulant of appetite and digestion; a drink or glass of this; tonic wine, weak, flavoured wine sold as a medicinal tonic. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > [adjective] cooling?c1425 comfortablec1440 refreshing1534 rousing1576 vegetant1576 reviving1579 refriscative1582 refrigerating1583 cordial1584 airy1591 freshing1591 animating1595 fertile1597 recreating1600 refective1611 refreshfula1614 comforting1623 refrigerant1626 erecting1654 cordialine1674 refocillating1675 corroboratinga1680 refectory1693 invigorating1694 restoring1697 freshful1734 enlivening1746–7 livelya1754 tonic1756 stimulatory1758 vivifying1768 energizing1786 stimulative1791 refreshening1807 vitalizing1813 stimulating1827 recuperative1843 invigorative1860 innerving1868 breezy1870 tonicizing1890 reparatory1893 the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > types of wine > [noun] > medicinal wine viper-wine1631 mandrake winea1640 wine whey1769 mandragora1844 tonic wine1899 Sanatogen1924 the world > food and drink > drink > aerated or carbonated drink > [noun] > tonic water tonic water1926 tonic1935 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters iii. 205 Their vapor..is found to be more tonic. 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 160 A long course of steel, in conjunction with tonic bitters. 1869 A. J. Evans Vashti xxiv. 327 Be sure she takes that tonic mixture three times a day. 1885 G. Meredith Diana of Crossways I. v. 109 She spoke of the weather, frosty, but tonic. 1899 Graphic 11 Mar. 320/1 (advt.) His Holiness the Pope writes that he has fully appreciated the beneficent effects of this Tonic Wine. 1926 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 6 July 9/6 (advt.) Schweppes famous British table waters. Soda water,..ginger beer, tonic water. 1958 S. Hyland Who goes Hang? xi. 53 ‘What will there be to draft?’ asked Mrs. Kimmis..over the top of a tonic water. 1970 G. Greer Female Eunuch 276 Perhaps she can try a glass or two of tonic wine? More likely her G.P. will..prescribe a happiness pill. 1982 G. F. Newman Men with Guns x. 74 He drank gin swamped with Indian tonic water. figurative.1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. ii. x. 133 God brings thee The tonic cup I feared to mix.1867 H. Latham Black & White p. viii One great benefit to be derived from a visit to America is its tonic effect upon the mind. 3. Music. a. Formerly applied to the key-note of a composition ( tonic note), now called simply tonic (see B. 2); now (attributive use of B. 2), Pertaining to or founded upon the tonic or key-note: as tonic chord, a chord having the tonic for its root; tonic pedal, the key-note sustained as a pedal n.¹ 7. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [adjective] > diatonic scale > notes of tonic1761 subdominant1803 dominant1813 submediant1851 superdominant1864 1761 F. H. E. Stiles in Philos. Trans. 1760 (Royal Soc.) 51 773 Two modes with the same tonic note, the one neither acuter nor graver than the other, make no part of the old system of modes. 1867 G. A. Macfarren Six Lect. Harmony ii. 53 A tonic pedal..has the effect of confirming the conclusion indicated by a perfect cadence. 1880 J. Stainer Composition §14 The third degree of the scale can form a portion of a tonic chord, or chord of the relative minor. b. Tonic Sol-fa: name of a system of teaching music, esp. vocal music, introduced by the Rev. John Curwen about 1850, in which the seven notes of the ordinary major scale in any key are sung to syllables written doh, ray, me, fah, soh, lah, te (modifications of the older do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si: see these words and gamut n.), and indicated in the notation by the initials d, r, m, etc.; doh always denoting the tonic or key-note, and the remaining syllables indicating the relation to it of the other notes of the scale. Chiefly attributive. Hence Tonic Sol-faist n. /-fɑːɪst/ one who advocates or uses the Tonic Sol-fa system. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > study or science of music > music scholar > [noun] > advocate of specific music temperer1829 Tonic Sol-faist1852 sol-faist1882 mensuralist1901 society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > diatonic scale series > sol-fa system sol-fa?1549 sol-fa-re1600 Tonic Sol-fa1852 fasola1933 1852 J. Curwen (title) Pupils' Manual of the Tonic Sol-Fa Method of teaching to sing; and the Tonic Sol-Fa School Music. 1883 American 6 174 At the annual meeting in London..of the Tonic Sol-Fa College. 1881 J. Broadhouse Student's Helmholtz 372 We agree most cordially with our friends the tonic sol-faists.1895 Daily News 30 Dec. 5/2 So many of the Welsh are Tonic Solfaists. 4. a. Pertaining to musical tone or quality. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > [adjective] > timbre or quality tonical1656 tonic1795 timbred1942 1795 W. Mason Ess. Eng. Church Music i. 42 This solemn instrument [the organ]... In point of tonic power, I presume, it will be allowed preferable to all others. b. Pertaining or relating to tone or accent in speech; indicating the tone or accent of spoken words or syllables; characterized by distinctions of tone or accent. tonic accent (= French accent tonique), the stress-accent of a word. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [adjective] > intonation tonic1849 intoned1854 tonal1866 intonational1895 tonetic1922 1849 Jrnl. Indian Archipel. & Eastern Asia 3 668 The influence of this habit of the tonic languages is still largely impressed on their Malay-Polynesian and Turonian descendants and congeners. 1859 S. W. Williams (title) A Tonic Dictionary of the Chinese language in the Canton dialect. 1867 W. D. Howells Ital. Journeys 72 In their divine language, and with that ineffable tonic accent which no foreigner perfectly acquires. 1868 F. M. Müller Stratif. Lang. 42 The Thibetan is..tonic and monosyllabic. 1894 A. H. Keane in Church Mission. Intell. Oct. 723 Thus the monosyllable pa will be toned in six or more different ways to represent so many original dissyllables, pada, pake, pana, pasa, pata..and some of the Chinese and Shan dialects have..as many as ten or twelve such tones... Hence these languages are now called isolating and tonic rather than isolating and monosyllabic. 1896 A. H. Keane Ethnol. xii. 324 A far more important feature than the length of the words is their tonic utterance. B. n. 1. a. Medicine. A tonic medicine, application, or agent. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > restoratives, tonics, or stimulants > [noun] > tonic strengthening1571 strengthener1579 corroborative1601 fortification1655 roborant1661 corroborator1674 corroboratica1704 corroborant1738 bracer1740 tonic1799 invigorant1822 1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 283 Tonica are those things which being externally applied to, and rubb'd into the Limbs, strengthen the Nerves and Tendons.] 1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 116 When..the hectic symptoms were subdued, and only weakness remained, tonics completed the cure. 1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 54 Substances..which, when taken internally, act upon the nutrition of the various tissues so as to restore lost tone... Such substances are known as tonics. 1897 Badminton Mag. 4 380 My hair tonic costs eight-and-sixpence a bottle. b. figurative. An invigorating or bracing influence. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > [noun] > that which or one who refreshes or invigorates spice?c1225 comfort1377 refresherc1450 refreshment1532 reviver1542 sauce1561 salt1579 refocillation1608 whettera1625 fillip1699 stimulant1728 stimulation1733 yeast1769 stimulus1791 inspiriter1821 stimulatory1821 refreshener1824 boost1825 bracer1826 young blood1830 freshener1838 invigoratorc1842 blow1849 tonic1849 elevation1850 stimulator1851 breather1876 pick-me-up1876 a shot in the arm1922 1849 A. H. Clough Poems & Prose Remains (1869) II. 10 The tonic of a wholesome pride. 1874 F. W. Farrar Silence & Voices of God viii. 136 It is the strongest of moral tonics. c. Tonic water. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > aerated or carbonated drink > [noun] > tonic water tonic water1926 tonic1935 1935 S. Box in Best One-act Plays 1935 56 Waiter! That will be two whiskies, and a gin and tonic. 1949 J. B. Priestley Delight 29 Just gin and tonic and some potato crisps. 1972 M. J. Bosse Incident at Naha ii. 108 We all had vodka and tonics. 2. Music. a. = keynote n. 1. tonic major or minor: that key (major or minor) which has the same key-note as a given key (minor or major). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > diatonic scale series > notes in diatonic scale keya1450 seventh1591 fifth1597 final1609 octave1656 sub-octave1659 keynote1677 mediant1721 sensible note?1775 subdominant?1775 submediant?1775 medius1782 leading note1786 nominal1786 subsemitone1799 superdominant1806 supertonic1806 tonic1806 subtonic1817 dominant1823 sensitive note1845 nominal note1884 1806 J. W. Callcott Musical Gram. ii. iv. 131 The Tonic Minor must have in its Signature another flat. 1889 E. Prout Harmony i. §12 The first note of the scale is called the Tonic, or Key-note. This is the note which gives its name to the scale and key. b. The principal key of a musical composition or passage; the home key. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > key > principal key of piece home key1890 tonic1896 1896 G. Grove Beethoven & his Nine Symphonies 8 The Coda which closes the first movement, after repeating in the tonic the phrase already quoted as No. 5, combines the wind instrument passage with the first subject. 1923 E. Evans Beethoven's Nine Symphonies I. 177 At the third portion we have a new treatment of the first part of the same subject..leading to a triumphant cadence in C as tonic. 1961 A. Hopkins Talking about Symphonies i. 20 The key you start in is called the ‘Tonic’. 1979 D. R. Hofstadter Gödel, Escher, Bach v. 130 With the inversion of the theme for our melody, we begin in D as if that had always been the tonic—but we modulate back to G after all, which means that we pop back into the tonic, and the B-section ends properly. Derivatives ˈtonic v. (transitive) to act as a tonic upon, to invigorate, ‘brace up’; to administer a tonic to. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (transitive)] akeleOE restOE comfort1303 ease1330 quickc1350 recurea1382 refresha1382 refetec1384 restorec1384 affilea1393 enforcec1400 freshc1405 revigour?a1425 recomfortc1425 recreatec1425 quicken?c1430 revive1442 cheerc1443 refection?c1450 refect1488 unweary1530 freshen1532 corroborate1541 vige?c1550 erect?1555 recollect?1560 repose1562 respite1565 rouse1574 requicken1576 animate1585 enlive1593 revify1598 inanimate1600 insinew1600 to wind up1602 vigorize1603 inspiritc1610 invigour1611 refocillate1611 revigorate1611 renovate1614 spriten1614 repaira1616 activate1624 vigour1636 enliven1644 invigorate1646 rally1650 reinvigorate1652 renerve1652 to freshen up1654 righta1656 re-enlivena1660 recruita1661 enlighten1667 revivify1675 untire1677 reanimate1694 stimulate1759 rebrace1764 refreshen1780 brisken1799 irrigate1823 tonic1825 to fresh up1835 ginger1844 spell1846 recuperate1849 binge1854 tone1859 innerve1880 fiercen1896 to tone up1896 to buck up1909 pep1912 to zip up1927 to perk up1936 to zizz up1944 hep1948 to zing up1948 juice1964 1825 New Monthly Mag. 15 199/1 It tonicked the sedentary stomach into unwonted vigour. ˈtonicking n. ΚΠ 1889 R. C. Praed Romance of Station 126 She needed..tonicking;..her blood didn't nourish her brain properly. Draft additions 1993 c. Phonetics. The syllable of a tone-group which carries the primary accent; = nucleus n. 12a. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > accent > stress accent > stress group > syllables with respect to subtonic1827 pretone1884 pretonic1892 head1922 nucleus1922 tail1922 peak1935 post-nuclear1944 precontour1945 nuclear1949 tonic1962 1962 A. C. Gimson Introd. Pronunc. Eng. vii. 141 The first column..shows vowels in a place more than one syllable removed from the tonic. 1964 M. A. K. Halliday et al. Ling. Sci. ii. 46 The foreign visitor who wants a ticket to ‘Oxford Street’ or ‘Tottenham Court Road’ must get the tonic in the right place. 1977 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 40 654/2 The structure of the basic intonational unit, the tone-group, consists of an obligatory tonic, i.e. the syllable where the pitch movement identifying the tonic type begins, and an optional pretonic element. 1981 Language & Speech 24 9 When the information focus is realized on a contrasted element, or a ‘new’ element that is not recoverable from the preceding discourse, the information focus is consistently identified as the tonic of the utterance. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1649
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