toilsomeadj.

Brit.

/ˈtɔɪls(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈtɔɪlsəm/

Forms: see toil n.¹ and -some suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: toil n.¹, -some suffix¹.

Etymology: < toil n.¹ + -some suffix¹.

1. Of an agent: hard-working, labouring; toilful.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome > toiling

swinking?c1225

travailinga1398

drudging1548

toiling1552

toilsome1566

toilful1596

sweaty1603

droiling1607

carkingc1620

laboriferous1656

fagging1665

moiling1692

tewing1855

maulinga1864

bullocking1900

1566 T. Drant tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. D.vii Lyke champions fell, their toylesum tongues they vsde as weapons free.

1640 J. Gower tr. Ovid Festivalls iv. 82 The strained ropes mens toilsome hands do wring.

1655 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans (ed. 2) ii. 78 Thou art a toylsom Mole.

1747 Psyche in Museum 25 Apr. 96 The sluggish Soil the toilsome Hand requires, Yet thankless pays with sour harsh Fruites the Toil.

1760 Christian's Mag. Dec. 354 The Ant-Bear, a native of America, and a horrible destroyer of these toilsome insects.

1845 H. W. Longfellow Rain in Summer vii In the furrowed land The toilsome and patient oxen stand.

1885 E. Searchfield Afterward x. 119 He bade me come to him, leading me out among the white lilies and the toilsome bees to grow calm.

1934 L. R. Farnell Oxonian looks Back i. 17 Nature-magic, the most potent nepenthe for the toilsome wayfarer through life.

1994 R. Davies Cunning Man (1995) 159 The heads, we may assume, are likenesses, produced by some toilsome artisan with a pair of callipers and a feeble concept of the human spirit.

a. Of an action, journey, period of time, etc.: characterized by or involving toil; laborious, tiring.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome

soreOE

workfulOE

hardOE

torc1175

beswinkfulc1230

heavya1325

sweatyc1374

travailousa1382

laboriousa1393

laborousc1405

winful1443

painfulc1480

toilous1530

operousa1538

drudging1548

travailsome1549

laboursome1551

moilingc1566

toilsome?1570

toilful1573

sweating1592

insudate1609

sweatfula1618

moliminous1656

operose1659

swinking1693

schleppy1978

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [adjective] > causing weariness or exhaustion > esp. through labour

travailousa1382

laboriousc1410

travailsome1549

break-back1556

toilsome?1570

toilful1573

back-aching1603

back-breaking1904

?1570 T. Drant Two Serm. ii. sig. I.iiij Iob sayd, that he had vaine dayes, and toylesome nightes.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iv. sig. C8^v For she is wearie of the toilsom way.

1605 W. Camden Remaines 39 Similis Captaine of the guard,..had passed a most toylesome life.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 179 What can be toilsom in these pleasant Walkes?

1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 111 The making of Cyder being Toilsom and expensive.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxi. 243 Whenever he [sc. Athanasius] forced his understanding to meditate on the divinity of the Logos, his toilsome and unavailing efforts recoiled on themselves.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xiii. 358 The ascent had been long and toilsome.

1883 Harper's Mag. Oct. 799/2 To have these titles directly before him will save the student many hours of toilsome research.

1902 G. S. Whitmore Last Maori War ii. 16 A toilsome march and great obstruction from rain and snow.

1930 N. Shepherd Weatherhouse Prol. 5 Toilsome uphill July walks that ended in the cool peace of the Weatherhouse parlour.

2001 J. J. Price Thucydides & Internal War ii. iii. 148 Idle peace..is no less a disaster than toilsome lack of leisure.

b. Of a concrete thing: entailing or requiring toil.

ΚΠ

1575 T. Churchyard 1st Pt. Chippes f. 18 A skaffold plaine, where on we reuells make A croked path, a parlous fals hie way A toilsome soile, where we much trauel take.

1609 W. M. Man in Moone sig. F4^v His wife: the toylsomest burden that combreth a man.

1710 C. Johnson Force of Friendship ii. 9 When the clog'd Soul Oppress'd by Want, or shook with a Disease, Bears heavily her toilsome Burthen, Flesh.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. x. 94 Our force Exhausting ceaseless at the toilsome oar.

1857 Harper's Mag. Dec. 60/1 Frank was in high spirits, and sprang forward as if he dared the toilsome hill to weary him.

1926 New Mexico Hist. Rev. 1 494 The reader's attention is instantly caught and held throughout..by the descriptions of the road, the prairies,..terrific storms, toilsome mountain passes [etc.].

1997 Chicago Sun-Times (Nexis) 29 Jan. np 1 What helps most is thinking of the budget as an adventure rather than a toilsome burden.

3. Caused by toil.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome > caused by toil

toilsome1590

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. v. sig. Q8^v Toilsom sweat.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xii. 29 Ne ever sought to bayt His tyred armes for toylesome wearinesse.

1633 P. Fletcher Piscatorie Eclogs iv. ix. 21 in Purple Island Little know they the fishers toilsome pain, Whose labour with his age, still growing, spends not.

a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) v. 24 Such, doubtlesse, in their labour, shall forget Their painfull sorrows, and their toylsome sweat.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Galley,..proverbially considered a place of toilsome misery because criminals are condemned to row in them.

1773 London Mag. Aug. 371/2 It is no longer an ageeable amusement to Billy, but a toilsome fatigue, which his body can hardly undergo.

1829 Edinb. Lit. Jrnl. 26 Dec. 444/2 The sagacious arbitrator of war must have his banquet after such a toilsome exhaustion of the animal system and of the mental faculties.

1848 Cork Mag. Jan. 161/1 We..were well rewarded for the toilsome weariness of the road, by the splendid prospect of the plains.

1906 Country Life 1 Sept. 322/2 The healthful and bracing air prevents a round of the green from becoming a toilsome fatigue.

1933 Socialist Rev. 5 294 All the toilsome weariness of days wherein only the enthusiastic carry on the struggle.

1996 K. A. Mathews New Amer. Comm. I 252 The man will know the toilsome pain of deriving food from the dust.

Derivatives

ˈtoilsomely adv. in a toilsome manner, laboriously.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adverb] > laboriously

travailouslya1382

laboursomely1552

laboriously?1611

toilsomely1614

moilingly1621

operosely1668

operously1668

moliminously1678

toilingly1731

toilfully1820

1614 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. II. O.T. viii. 478 Their life must bee toylesomlie spent in heawing of wood, and drawing of water, for all Israel.

1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf iv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. 78 Slowly and toilsomely labouring to pile the large stones one upon another.

2008 G. M. Malliet Death of Cosy Writer 88 Jeffrey had found that sympathizing with these ailments only made the recitations in her toilsomely penned replies longer.

ˈtoilsomeness n. laboriousness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil > laboriousness

painfulnessa1530

laborousness1530

laboriousness1538

laboursomeness1573

toilsomeness1577

operosity1615

laboriosity1656

laborosity1656

operoseness1664

ponderousness1801

1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 77/1 in R. Holinshed Chron. I The toylesomnesse of the payne, I referre to my priuate knowledge.

1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 89 A Peasant, disparaged in his drudgery and servile toilsomenesse.

1792 in Major Neuman tr. J. G. Zimmerman Select Views Frederick the Great II. 150 I feel the toilsomeness of this laborious work.

1985 Classical Jrnl. 80 289 The toilsomeness and risk of sailing.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	toilsome
释义	toilsomeadj. Brit. /ˈtɔɪls(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈtɔɪlsəm/ Forms: see toil n.¹ and -some suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: toil n.¹, -some suffix¹. Etymology: < toil n.¹ + -some suffix¹. 1. Of an agent: hard-working, labouring; toilful. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome > toiling swinking?c1225 travailinga1398 drudging1548 toiling1552 toilsome1566 toilful1596 sweaty1603 droiling1607 carkingc1620 laboriferous1656 fagging1665 moiling1692 tewing1855 maulinga1864 bullocking1900 1566 T. Drant tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. D.vii Lyke champions fell, their toylesum tongues they vsde as weapons free. 1640 J. Gower tr. Ovid Festivalls iv. 82 The strained ropes mens toilsome hands do wring. 1655 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans (ed. 2) ii. 78 Thou art a toylsom Mole. 1747 Psyche in Museum 25 Apr. 96 The sluggish Soil the toilsome Hand requires, Yet thankless pays with sour harsh Fruites the Toil. 1760 Christian's Mag. Dec. 354 The Ant-Bear, a native of America, and a horrible destroyer of these toilsome insects. 1845 H. W. Longfellow Rain in Summer vii In the furrowed land The toilsome and patient oxen stand. 1885 E. Searchfield Afterward x. 119 He bade me come to him, leading me out among the white lilies and the toilsome bees to grow calm. 1934 L. R. Farnell Oxonian looks Back i. 17 Nature-magic, the most potent nepenthe for the toilsome wayfarer through life. 1994 R. Davies Cunning Man (1995) 159 The heads, we may assume, are likenesses, produced by some toilsome artisan with a pair of callipers and a feeble concept of the human spirit. 2. a. Of an action, journey, period of time, etc.: characterized by or involving toil; laborious, tiring. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome soreOE workfulOE hardOE torc1175 beswinkfulc1230 heavya1325 sweatyc1374 travailousa1382 laboriousa1393 laborousc1405 winful1443 painfulc1480 toilous1530 operousa1538 drudging1548 travailsome1549 laboursome1551 moilingc1566 toilsome?1570 toilful1573 sweating1592 insudate1609 sweatfula1618 moliminous1656 operose1659 swinking1693 schleppy1978 the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [adjective] > causing weariness or exhaustion > esp. through labour travailousa1382 laboriousc1410 travailsome1549 break-back1556 toilsome?1570 toilful1573 back-aching1603 back-breaking1904 ?1570 T. Drant Two Serm. ii. sig. I.iiij Iob sayd, that he had vaine dayes, and toylesome nightes. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iv. sig. C8^v For she is wearie of the toilsom way. 1605 W. Camden Remaines 39 Similis Captaine of the guard,..had passed a most toylesome life. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 179 What can be toilsom in these pleasant Walkes? View more context for this quotation 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 111 The making of Cyder being Toilsom and expensive. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxi. 243 Whenever he [sc. Athanasius] forced his understanding to meditate on the divinity of the Logos, his toilsome and unavailing efforts recoiled on themselves. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xiii. 358 The ascent had been long and toilsome. 1883 Harper's Mag. Oct. 799/2 To have these titles directly before him will save the student many hours of toilsome research. 1902 G. S. Whitmore Last Maori War ii. 16 A toilsome march and great obstruction from rain and snow. 1930 N. Shepherd Weatherhouse Prol. 5 Toilsome uphill July walks that ended in the cool peace of the Weatherhouse parlour. 2001 J. J. Price Thucydides & Internal War ii. iii. 148 Idle peace..is no less a disaster than toilsome lack of leisure. b. Of a concrete thing: entailing or requiring toil. ΚΠ 1575 T. Churchyard 1st Pt. Chippes f. 18 A skaffold plaine, where on we reuells make A croked path, a parlous fals hie way A toilsome soile, where we much trauel take. 1609 W. M. Man in Moone sig. F4^v His wife: the toylsomest burden that combreth a man. 1710 C. Johnson Force of Friendship ii. 9 When the clog'd Soul Oppress'd by Want, or shook with a Disease, Bears heavily her toilsome Burthen, Flesh. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. x. 94 Our force Exhausting ceaseless at the toilsome oar. 1857 Harper's Mag. Dec. 60/1 Frank was in high spirits, and sprang forward as if he dared the toilsome hill to weary him. 1926 New Mexico Hist. Rev. 1 494 The reader's attention is instantly caught and held throughout..by the descriptions of the road, the prairies,..terrific storms, toilsome mountain passes [etc.]. 1997 Chicago Sun-Times (Nexis) 29 Jan. np 1 What helps most is thinking of the budget as an adventure rather than a toilsome burden. 3. Caused by toil. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome > caused by toil toilsome1590 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. v. sig. Q8^v Toilsom sweat. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xii. 29 Ne ever sought to bayt His tyred armes for toylesome wearinesse. 1633 P. Fletcher Piscatorie Eclogs iv. ix. 21 in Purple Island Little know they the fishers toilsome pain, Whose labour with his age, still growing, spends not. a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) v. 24 Such, doubtlesse, in their labour, shall forget Their painfull sorrows, and their toylsome sweat. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Galley,..proverbially considered a place of toilsome misery because criminals are condemned to row in them. 1773 London Mag. Aug. 371/2 It is no longer an ageeable amusement to Billy, but a toilsome fatigue, which his body can hardly undergo. 1829 Edinb. Lit. Jrnl. 26 Dec. 444/2 The sagacious arbitrator of war must have his banquet after such a toilsome exhaustion of the animal system and of the mental faculties. 1848 Cork Mag. Jan. 161/1 We..were well rewarded for the toilsome weariness of the road, by the splendid prospect of the plains. 1906 Country Life 1 Sept. 322/2 The healthful and bracing air prevents a round of the green from becoming a toilsome fatigue. 1933 Socialist Rev. 5 294 All the toilsome weariness of days wherein only the enthusiastic carry on the struggle. 1996 K. A. Mathews New Amer. Comm. I 252 The man will know the toilsome pain of deriving food from the dust. Derivatives ˈtoilsomely adv. in a toilsome manner, laboriously. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adverb] > laboriously travailouslya1382 laboursomely1552 laboriously?1611 toilsomely1614 moilingly1621 operosely1668 operously1668 moliminously1678 toilingly1731 toilfully1820 1614 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. II. O.T. viii. 478 Their life must bee toylesomlie spent in heawing of wood, and drawing of water, for all Israel. 1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf iv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. 78 Slowly and toilsomely labouring to pile the large stones one upon another. 2008 G. M. Malliet Death of Cosy Writer 88 Jeffrey had found that sympathizing with these ailments only made the recitations in her toilsomely penned replies longer. ˈtoilsomeness n. laboriousness. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil > laboriousness painfulnessa1530 laborousness1530 laboriousness1538 laboursomeness1573 toilsomeness1577 operosity1615 laboriosity1656 laborosity1656 operoseness1664 ponderousness1801 1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 77/1 in R. Holinshed Chron. I The toylesomnesse of the payne, I referre to my priuate knowledge. 1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 89 A Peasant, disparaged in his drudgery and servile toilsomenesse. 1792 in Major Neuman tr. J. G. Zimmerman Select Views Frederick the Great II. 150 I feel the toilsomeness of this laborious work. 1985 Classical Jrnl. 80 289 The toilsomeness and risk of sailing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1566
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