† Tom Stilesn.

Forms:

α. 1600s–1700s Tom a Styles, 1700s–1800s Tom a Stiles, 1800s Tom a' Stiles.

β. 1600s–1800s Tom Stiles, 1700s–1800s Tom Styles.

γ. 1700s–1800s Tom o' Stiles, 1700s–1800s Tom o' Stiles.

Origin: From proper names. Etymons: proper name Tom, Stiles.

Etymology: < the male forename Tom (see Tom n.¹) + the surname Stiles, probably as alteration of John a Stiles n. Compare earlier John a Nokes n.

Obsolete.

(A generic name for) a hypothetical ordinary or average man; spec. (a name given to) an anonymous (male) party in a legal action. Cf. John a Stiles n., John Doe n., Richard Roe n.In legal use frequently with John-a-Nokes, or a variant of this, as the name of the other party; cf. John a Nokes n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > man > [noun] > ordinary or average man

Richard Roe1593

Tom Stiles1681

John Doe1756

the man in the street1831

the next man1848

Everyman1901

the man on the Clapham omnibus1903

slob1910

John Citizen1918

average Joe1940

Joe Blow1941

Joe Public1942

Joe Doakes1943

Joe Soap1943

Joe Bloggs1969

Joe Sixpack1972

everyguy1976

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > party in litigation > [noun] > fictitious name for

John a Nokesc1475

John a Stiles?1530

John Doe1648

Tom Stiles1681

Jane Doe1703

1681 Tryal S. Bethel 5 What if John an Oakes or Tom a StylesSwear and Hector, &c. shall Mr. Bethel Answer for that?

1685 J. Yonge Medicaster Medicatus To Rdr. There's not one thing, (errors excepted) in either of those his own, and the latter..might have been as truly said the labour, &c. of Tom. Stiles.

?1705 S. Tufton Hist. Faction 123 King William was no more than a Jack-a Nokes, or Tom-a-Stiles now.

1772 G. A. Stevens Songs Comic & Satyrical 246 From John o' Nokes to Tom o' Stiles, What is it all but Fooling?

1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue at Nokes John-a-Nokes and Tom-a-Stiles.., fictitious names commonly used in law proceedings.

1832 Age 28 Oct. 351/2 He is a mere cipher in the Council, and has just as much right to be ranked amongst ministers, or admitted to their conferences as John-a'Nokes, or Tom-a'-Stiles.

1889 Essex Standard 9 Feb. 2/5 As long as a candidate, either for Parliament or County Council, has to go from cottage to cottage begging and praying John Nokes and Tom Stiles to vote for him,..the best men in the county will not come forward.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	tom stiles
释义	† Tom Stilesn. Forms: α. 1600s–1700s Tom a Styles, 1700s–1800s Tom a Stiles, 1800s Tom a' Stiles. β. 1600s–1800s Tom Stiles, 1700s–1800s Tom Styles. γ. 1700s–1800s Tom o' Stiles, 1700s–1800s Tom o' Stiles. Origin: From proper names. Etymons: proper name Tom, Stiles. Etymology: < the male forename Tom (see Tom n.¹) + the surname Stiles, probably as alteration of John a Stiles n. Compare earlier John a Nokes n. Obsolete. (A generic name for) a hypothetical ordinary or average man; spec. (a name given to) an anonymous (male) party in a legal action. Cf. John a Stiles n., John Doe n., Richard Roe n.In legal use frequently with John-a-Nokes, or a variant of this, as the name of the other party; cf. John a Nokes n. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > man > [noun] > ordinary or average man Richard Roe1593 Tom Stiles1681 John Doe1756 the man in the street1831 the next man1848 Everyman1901 the man on the Clapham omnibus1903 slob1910 John Citizen1918 average Joe1940 Joe Blow1941 Joe Public1942 Joe Doakes1943 Joe Soap1943 Joe Bloggs1969 Joe Sixpack1972 everyguy1976 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > party in litigation > [noun] > fictitious name for John a Nokesc1475 John a Stiles?1530 John Doe1648 Tom Stiles1681 Jane Doe1703 1681 Tryal S. Bethel 5 What if John an Oakes or Tom a StylesSwear and Hector, &c. shall Mr. Bethel Answer for that? 1685 J. Yonge Medicaster Medicatus To Rdr. There's not one thing, (errors excepted) in either of those his own, and the latter..might have been as truly said the labour, &c. of Tom. Stiles. ?1705 S. Tufton Hist. Faction 123 King William was no more than a Jack-a Nokes, or Tom-a-Stiles now. 1772 G. A. Stevens Songs Comic & Satyrical 246 From John o' Nokes to Tom o' Stiles, What is it all but Fooling? 1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue at Nokes John-a-Nokes and Tom-a-Stiles.., fictitious names commonly used in law proceedings. 1832 Age 28 Oct. 351/2 He is a mere cipher in the Council, and has just as much right to be ranked amongst ministers, or admitted to their conferences as John-a'Nokes, or Tom-a'-Stiles. 1889 Essex Standard 9 Feb. 2/5 As long as a candidate, either for Parliament or County Council, has to go from cottage to cottage begging and praying John Nokes and Tom Stiles to vote for him,..the best men in the county will not come forward. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.1681
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