brawnn.

Brit.

/brɔːn/, U.S.

/brɔn/,

/brɑn/

Forms: Middle English brahun, Middle English–1500s braun(e, Middle English brawen, Middle English–1600s brawne, (Middle English browne), 1500s brawyne, Middle English– brawn.

Etymology: < Old French braon, braoun (braion ) fleshy part, muscle, particularly the most fleshy part of the hind leg, originally a part suitable for roasting, corresponding to Provençal bradon ; < West Germanic brâdo , < brâdan to roast (see brede v.¹). The specific sense ‘boar's flesh’ is exclusively of English development, and characteristic of English habits.

a. Fleshy part, muscle; esp. the rounded muscles of the arm, leg and thumb.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscle substance > [noun]

brawnc1325

mow1490

muscle1710

muscle cell1840

myosin1866

muscle-box1874

fibre-cell1878

myoblast1884

muscle-case1885

inogen1889

muscle casket1890

sarcomere1891

myofibril1898

myoplasm1907

myofibrilla1913

myotube1933

myofilament1949

myofibre1965

c1325 Gloss W. de Biblesworth in Wright Voc. 148 En la jambe [the caalf] est la sure [brahun].

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xxvii. 136 The armes ben..coueryd wyth skinne brawne and strenges with flesshe amonge.

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1277 His lymes grete, his brawnes harde and stronge.

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 675 Take oxen yonge..in brawnes rising greet.

1568 Newe Comedie Iacob & Esau ii. ii. sig. C.j My teeth I can scarsely charme, From gnawyng away the braune of my very arme.

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. 49 Your thumbe close vppon the reynes, with the brawne thereof turned toward the pomell of your saddle.

1608 T. Middleton Mad World, my Masters ii. sig. D Is not your honour sore about the brawne of the arme?

1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xvi. 374 His Blow..transpierc'd his Thigh, Tore all the Brawn.

1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. 360 All laymen who are allowed this privilege shall be burnt with a hot iron in the brawn of the left thumb.

1865 J. G. Holland Plain Talks viii. 27 God makes a man of bone, brawn and blood.

b. spec. The arm, the calf of the leg, the buttock.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > arm > [noun]

armeOE

brawna1382

hand?a1425

branch1594

bridle arm1622

shield-arm1640

smiter1673

sword-arm1687

fin1785

pistol arm1800

spade-arm1804

pinion1848

liver wing1855

bow-arm1860

meathook1919

gun1973

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > buttock(s) > [noun]

flitcha700

arse-endseOE

culec1220

buttockc1300

tail1303

toutec1305

nagea1325

fundamentc1325

tail-end1377

brawna1382

buma1387

bewschers?a1400

crouponc1400

rumplec1430

lendc1440

nachec1440

luddocka1475

rearwarda1475

croupc1475

rumpc1475

dock1508

hurdies1535

bunc1538

sitting place1545

bottom?c1550

prat1567

nates1581

backside1593

crupper1594

posteriorums1596

catastrophe1600

podex1601

posterior1605

seat1607

poop1611

stern1631

cheek1639

breeka1642

doup1653

bumkin1658

bumfiddle1661

assa1672

butt1675

quarter1678

foundation1681

toby1681

bung1691

rear1716

fud1722

moon1756

derrière1774

rass1790

stern-post1810

sit-down1812

hinderland1817

hinderling1817

nancy1819

ultimatum1823

behinda1830

duff?1837

botty1842

rear end1851

latter end1852

hinder?1857

sit1862

sit-me-down1866

stern-works1879

tuchus1886

jacksy-pardy1891

sit-upon1910

can1913

truck-end1913

sitzfleisch1916

B.T.M.1919

fanny1919

bot1922

heinie1922

beam1929

yas yas1929

keister1931

batty1935

bim1935

arse-end1937

twat1937

okole1938

bahookie1939

bohunkus1941

quoit1941

patoot1942

rusty-dusty1942

dinger1943

jacksie1943

zatch1950

ding1957

booty1959

patootie1959

buns1960

wazoo1961

tush1962

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > leg > lower leg > [noun] > calf

sparlirec1000

calfc1325

brawna1382

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xxii. 9 The brawnes [a1425 L.V. schuldres; L. lacertos; 1611 arms] of moderles childer thou tobrosedist.

1581 T. Nuce tr. Octavia (new ed.) ii. ii, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 175 Sir Brutus sterne, his brawnes and armes did dight, His soueraigne liege to slayne by force and might.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. v. 121 Once more to hew thy Target from thy Brawne .

1864 Glasgow Her. 24 Sept. Stiffish a little, with a peculiar sensation about the brawns.

c. transferred and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun] > part or side of > rib or vein

nerve?a1425

ribc1450

vein?c1450

sinew1551

brawn1601

master-vein1658

costa1699

venule1766

pen1773

surculus1775

midrib1793

venule1806

veinlet1807

rachis1830

nervure1842

nerving1854

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun] > a source or means of > strength or force behind war, state, nation, etc.

sinew1560

nerves1598

animal spirit1719

stamina1779

brawn1883

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 470 The outside..of the leaf hath in it certain strings, sinues or veins, brawns and ioynts.

1883 H. George Progress & Poverty 388 Liberty is..the brawn of national strength, the spirit of national independence.

†2.

a. The muscle or flesh of animals as food.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > [noun] > meat

flesha800

flesh-meatc1020

meata1325

brawn1393

charec1440

flesh-victual1562

flesh-kind1712

carcass meat1948

fleishig1952

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xvi. 67 Braun and blod of þe goos, bacon and colhoppes.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1631 Suche a brawne of a best..Ne such sydes of a swyn segh he neuer are.

c1440 Anc. Cookery in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 430 Then take the braune of hennes, or of capons, and bray hom.

1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. B.ii Bytwene the foure membres laye the brawne of the capon.

1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xvii. f. 164^v He hath eate all the braune of the lopster.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 297 While one loues nothing but the leg [of a fowl], another likes and praises the white brawne alone.

1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. viii. 69 Mingling the brawnes of Peacocks, with Porks flesh.

1656 Shepherd's Kal. xxvii In the winter shepheards do eat beef..Brawn of Harts, Hinds and all kind of venison.

b. In Coverdale and the ‘Great Bible’, used to render Hebrew ḥēleb ‘fat’, where Geneva, 1611, and Revised Version have ‘grease’. (The originally meaning is uncertain. The Septuagint, Vulgate, Wyclif, Douay, following a different pointing of the Hebrew ḥālāb, render ‘is curdled like milk’.)

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun] > derived from animals

smearc725

smolta1000

seamc1200

greasec1290

fat1393

creesha1400

brawn1535

axunge?1541

axungiety1599

axungiousness1599

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cxviii. [cxix.] 70 Their herte is as fat as brawne.

3. spec. The flesh of the boar. (Often defined as ‘brawn of a boar’, even in 16th cent.) More recently: the flesh of a boar (or swine), collared, boiled, and pickled or potted. [With the restriction of application we may compare the restriction of bacon, a derivative of back, to the cured back and sides of the pig.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun]

swine flesheOE

porkc1300

baconc1330

brawn1377

pig1381

pork flesh?a1425

boara1475

gricea1475

hog flesh1528

hog meat1573

grunting-peck1699

hog1744

pigmeat1754

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun] > pickled or potted pork

brawn1781

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiii. 62 Wombe-cloutes and wylde braune & egges yfryed with grece.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 546 Brawen of the tusked swyn.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 48 Brawne of a bore, aprina.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xii. 114 Lay furth of oure store: Lo, here browne of a bore!

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Dii/2 Brawne, caro callata aprina, callum.

1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husb. (1623) 129 The best feeding of a Swine for Larde, or a Boare for Brawne.

1641 J. Milton Animadversions 17 Is a man therefore bound..at noon to Brawn, or Beefe..?

a1704 T. Brown Pleasant Epist. in Wks. (1707) I. ii. 4 Private Deliberations over Brawn and Quest-Ale.

1781 Westm. Mag. 2 47 This turban for my head is collar'd brawn!

1828 R. Southey Poet. Epist. to A. Cunningham Whether ham, bacon, sausage, souse or brawn.

4. transferred. A boar (or swine) as fattened for the table. dialect. Cf. bacon n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > male > boar (uncastrated) > fattened

brawn?a1400

brawner1708

?a1400 Morte Arth. 1095 Brokbrestede as a brawne, with brustils fulle large.

1601 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 288 The Serjeant of the Larder hath for his fee..the feete cut off at the first joynt of every braune spent in the Queenes house.

1630 J. Taylor Great Eater of Kent in Wks. i. 144/2 What say you to the Leafe or Flecke of a Brawne new kild?

1705 S. Wesley in E. Clarke Life (1886) 55 To spread a report that my own brawn (boar) did this mischief.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. ix. 258 With the flesh of sheep And of a fatted brawn.

1807 J. Stagg Misc. Poems (new ed.) 18 Loud as brawns war snowran.

5. Hardened or thickened skin, the result of continued friction; also figurative. Latin callum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > hardening or thickening > hard skin

callositya1400

callus1563

warish1570

brawn1578

calluma1640

callousness1705

warda1825

hoof1888

tylosis1890

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ix. lxvii. 744 The hard skinne or brawne that is in the handes or feete, which is gotten by labour.

a1617 S. Hieron Penance for Sinne in Wks. (1620) II. 374 Corsiues for the eating out that dead flesh which is in their hearts, & for the paring off that brawne which is growne vpon them.

1631 tr. J. A. Comenius Porta Linguarum Reserata xxv. §320 A brawne from hardening.

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xiv. 63 Witnesse the brawn on his hands and knees made with continuall praying.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

brawn-bands n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > a bond, tie, or fastening > [noun] > a band or binding > bands made of brawn

brawn-bands1608

1608 H. Plat Floraes Paradise Beautified 57 Binding the barke..with a packthred, or rather with Brawne-bands, will not keep roses..long from blowing.

brawn-buttock n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > buttock(s) > [noun] > types of

brawn-buttocka1616

pin buttocka1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. ii. 17 A Barbers chaire..fits..the brawn buttocke, or any buttocke.

brawn-fed adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [adjective] > fed on specific food

brawn-fed1567

haggis-fed1786

blubber-fed1835

pap-fed1873

beefish1887

beef-fed1903

1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Evj That I may cum brawne fed.

brawn-like adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscle substance > [adjective]

muscular1673

musculary1679

staminal1830

striated1846

brawn-like1849

striped1850

myoid1857

smooth1860

myoepithelial1881

myoblastic1890

sarcoplasmic1891

myofibrillar1927

myoplasmic1960

myofibrillary1975

1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. ii. 1393/2 The surrounding cellular texture..puts on a brawn-like character.

C2.

† brawn-fallen adj. Obsolete shrunken in flesh, thin, skinny.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > slim shape or physique > [adjective] > thin

leanc1000

thinc1000

swonga1300

meagrea1398

empty?c1400

(as) thin (also lean, rank) as a rakec1405

macilent?a1425

rawc1425

gauntc1440

to be skin and bone (also bones)c1450

leany?a1475

swampc1480

scarrya1500

pinched1514

extenuate1528

lean-fleshed1535

carrion-lean1542

spare1548

lank1553

carrion1565

brawn-fallen1578

raw-bone1590

scraggeda1591

thin-bellied1591

rake-lean1593

bare-boned1594

forlorn1594

Lented1594

lean-looked1597

shotten herring1598

spiny1598

starved1598

thin-belly1598

raw-boned1600

larbar1603

meagry?1603

fleshless1605

scraggy1611

ballow1612

lank-leana1616

skinnya1616

hagged1616

scraggling1616

carrion-like1620

extenuated1620

thin-gutted1620

haggard1630

scrannel1638

leanisha1645

skeletontal1651

overlean1657

emaciated1665

slank1668

lathy1672

emaciate1676

nithered1691

emacerated1704

lean-looking1713

scranky1735

squinny-gut(s)1742

mauger1756

squinny1784

angular1789

etiolated1791

as thin (also lean) as a rail1795

wiry1808

slink1817

scranny1820

famine-hollowed1822

sharp featured1824

reedy1830

scrawny1833

stringy1833

lean-ribbeda1845

skeletony1852

famine-pinched1856

shelly1866

flesh-fallen1876

thinnish1884

all horn and hide1890

unfurnished1893

bone-thin1899

underweight1899

asthenic1925

skin-and-bony1935

skinny-malinky1940

skeletal1952

pencil-neck1960

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 49^v Were not Milo his armes brawnefallen, for want of wrastlinge?

1606 G. Chapman Gentleman Vsher iii. sig. D4^v Leane and brawn-falne; I, and scarsly sound.

1702 G. Farquhar Inconstant i. ii. 7 For our Women here in France, they are such thin brawn-fal'n jades.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	brawn
释义	brawnn. Brit. /brɔːn/, U.S. /brɔn/, /brɑn/ Forms: Middle English brahun, Middle English–1500s braun(e, Middle English brawen, Middle English–1600s brawne, (Middle English browne), 1500s brawyne, Middle English– brawn. Etymology: < Old French braon, braoun (braion ) fleshy part, muscle, particularly the most fleshy part of the hind leg, originally a part suitable for roasting, corresponding to Provençal bradon ; < West Germanic brâdo , < brâdan to roast (see brede v.¹). The specific sense ‘boar's flesh’ is exclusively of English development, and characteristic of English habits. 1. a. Fleshy part, muscle; esp. the rounded muscles of the arm, leg and thumb. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscle substance > [noun] brawnc1325 mow1490 muscle1710 muscle cell1840 myosin1866 muscle-box1874 fibre-cell1878 myoblast1884 muscle-case1885 inogen1889 muscle casket1890 sarcomere1891 myofibril1898 myoplasm1907 myofibrilla1913 myotube1933 myofilament1949 myofibre1965 c1325 Gloss W. de Biblesworth in Wright Voc. 148 En la jambe [the caalf] est la sure [brahun]. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xxvii. 136 The armes ben..coueryd wyth skinne brawne and strenges with flesshe amonge. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1277 His lymes grete, his brawnes harde and stronge. c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 675 Take oxen yonge..in brawnes rising greet. 1568 Newe Comedie Iacob & Esau ii. ii. sig. C.j My teeth I can scarsely charme, From gnawyng away the braune of my very arme. 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. 49 Your thumbe close vppon the reynes, with the brawne thereof turned toward the pomell of your saddle. 1608 T. Middleton Mad World, my Masters ii. sig. D Is not your honour sore about the brawne of the arme? 1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xvi. 374 His Blow..transpierc'd his Thigh, Tore all the Brawn. 1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. 360 All laymen who are allowed this privilege shall be burnt with a hot iron in the brawn of the left thumb. 1865 J. G. Holland Plain Talks viii. 27 God makes a man of bone, brawn and blood. b. spec. The arm, the calf of the leg, the buttock. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > arm > [noun] armeOE brawna1382 hand?a1425 branch1594 bridle arm1622 shield-arm1640 smiter1673 sword-arm1687 fin1785 pistol arm1800 spade-arm1804 pinion1848 liver wing1855 bow-arm1860 meathook1919 gun1973 the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > buttock(s) > [noun] flitcha700 arse-endseOE culec1220 buttockc1300 tail1303 toutec1305 nagea1325 fundamentc1325 tail-end1377 brawna1382 buma1387 bewschers?a1400 crouponc1400 rumplec1430 lendc1440 nachec1440 luddocka1475 rearwarda1475 croupc1475 rumpc1475 dock1508 hurdies1535 bunc1538 sitting place1545 bottom?c1550 prat1567 nates1581 backside1593 crupper1594 posteriorums1596 catastrophe1600 podex1601 posterior1605 seat1607 poop1611 stern1631 cheek1639 breeka1642 doup1653 bumkin1658 bumfiddle1661 assa1672 butt1675 quarter1678 foundation1681 toby1681 bung1691 rear1716 fud1722 moon1756 derrière1774 rass1790 stern-post1810 sit-down1812 hinderland1817 hinderling1817 nancy1819 ultimatum1823 behinda1830 duff?1837 botty1842 rear end1851 latter end1852 hinder?1857 sit1862 sit-me-down1866 stern-works1879 tuchus1886 jacksy-pardy1891 sit-upon1910 can1913 truck-end1913 sitzfleisch1916 B.T.M.1919 fanny1919 bot1922 heinie1922 beam1929 yas yas1929 keister1931 batty1935 bim1935 arse-end1937 twat1937 okole1938 bahookie1939 bohunkus1941 quoit1941 patoot1942 rusty-dusty1942 dinger1943 jacksie1943 zatch1950 ding1957 booty1959 patootie1959 buns1960 wazoo1961 tush1962 the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > leg > lower leg > [noun] > calf sparlirec1000 calfc1325 brawna1382 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xxii. 9 The brawnes [a1425 L.V. schuldres; L. lacertos; 1611 arms] of moderles childer thou tobrosedist. 1581 T. Nuce tr. Octavia (new ed.) ii. ii, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 175 Sir Brutus sterne, his brawnes and armes did dight, His soueraigne liege to slayne by force and might. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. v. 121 Once more to hew thy Target from thy Brawne . View more context for this quotation 1864 Glasgow Her. 24 Sept. Stiffish a little, with a peculiar sensation about the brawns. c. transferred and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun] > part or side of > rib or vein nerve?a1425 ribc1450 vein?c1450 sinew1551 brawn1601 master-vein1658 costa1699 venule1766 pen1773 surculus1775 midrib1793 venule1806 veinlet1807 rachis1830 nervure1842 nerving1854 the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun] > a source or means of > strength or force behind war, state, nation, etc. sinew1560 nerves1598 animal spirit1719 stamina1779 brawn1883 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 470 The outside..of the leaf hath in it certain strings, sinues or veins, brawns and ioynts. 1883 H. George Progress & Poverty 388 Liberty is..the brawn of national strength, the spirit of national independence. †2. a. The muscle or flesh of animals as food. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > [noun] > meat flesha800 flesh-meatc1020 meata1325 brawn1393 charec1440 flesh-victual1562 flesh-kind1712 carcass meat1948 fleishig1952 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xvi. 67 Braun and blod of þe goos, bacon and colhoppes. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1631 Suche a brawne of a best..Ne such sydes of a swyn segh he neuer are. c1440 Anc. Cookery in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 430 Then take the braune of hennes, or of capons, and bray hom. 1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. B.ii Bytwene the foure membres laye the brawne of the capon. 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xvii. f. 164^v He hath eate all the braune of the lopster. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 297 While one loues nothing but the leg [of a fowl], another likes and praises the white brawne alone. 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. viii. 69 Mingling the brawnes of Peacocks, with Porks flesh. 1656 Shepherd's Kal. xxvii In the winter shepheards do eat beef..Brawn of Harts, Hinds and all kind of venison. b. In Coverdale and the ‘Great Bible’, used to render Hebrew ḥēleb ‘fat’, where Geneva, 1611, and Revised Version have ‘grease’. (The originally meaning is uncertain. The Septuagint, Vulgate, Wyclif, Douay, following a different pointing of the Hebrew ḥālāb, render ‘is curdled like milk’.) ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun] > derived from animals smearc725 smolta1000 seamc1200 greasec1290 fat1393 creesha1400 brawn1535 axunge?1541 axungiety1599 axungiousness1599 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cxviii. [cxix.] 70 Their herte is as fat as brawne. 3. spec. The flesh of the boar. (Often defined as ‘brawn of a boar’, even in 16th cent.) More recently: the flesh of a boar (or swine), collared, boiled, and pickled or potted. [With the restriction of application we may compare the restriction of bacon, a derivative of back, to the cured back and sides of the pig.] ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun] swine flesheOE porkc1300 baconc1330 brawn1377 pig1381 pork flesh?a1425 boara1475 gricea1475 hog flesh1528 hog meat1573 grunting-peck1699 hog1744 pigmeat1754 the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun] > pickled or potted pork brawn1781 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiii. 62 Wombe-cloutes and wylde braune & egges yfryed with grece. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 546 Brawen of the tusked swyn. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 48 Brawne of a bore, aprina. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xii. 114 Lay furth of oure store: Lo, here browne of a bore! 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Dii/2 Brawne, caro callata aprina, callum. 1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husb. (1623) 129 The best feeding of a Swine for Larde, or a Boare for Brawne. 1641 J. Milton Animadversions 17 Is a man therefore bound..at noon to Brawn, or Beefe..? a1704 T. Brown Pleasant Epist. in Wks. (1707) I. ii. 4 Private Deliberations over Brawn and Quest-Ale. 1781 Westm. Mag. 2 47 This turban for my head is collar'd brawn! 1828 R. Southey Poet. Epist. to A. Cunningham Whether ham, bacon, sausage, souse or brawn. 4. transferred. A boar (or swine) as fattened for the table. dialect. Cf. bacon n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > male > boar (uncastrated) > fattened brawn?a1400 brawner1708 ?a1400 Morte Arth. 1095 Brokbrestede as a brawne, with brustils fulle large. 1601 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 288 The Serjeant of the Larder hath for his fee..the feete cut off at the first joynt of every braune spent in the Queenes house. 1630 J. Taylor Great Eater of Kent in Wks. i. 144/2 What say you to the Leafe or Flecke of a Brawne new kild? 1705 S. Wesley in E. Clarke Life (1886) 55 To spread a report that my own brawn (boar) did this mischief. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. ix. 258 With the flesh of sheep And of a fatted brawn. 1807 J. Stagg Misc. Poems (new ed.) 18 Loud as brawns war snowran. 5. Hardened or thickened skin, the result of continued friction; also figurative. Latin callum. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > hardening or thickening > hard skin callositya1400 callus1563 warish1570 brawn1578 calluma1640 callousness1705 warda1825 hoof1888 tylosis1890 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ix. lxvii. 744 The hard skinne or brawne that is in the handes or feete, which is gotten by labour. a1617 S. Hieron Penance for Sinne in Wks. (1620) II. 374 Corsiues for the eating out that dead flesh which is in their hearts, & for the paring off that brawne which is growne vpon them. 1631 tr. J. A. Comenius Porta Linguarum Reserata xxv. §320 A brawne from hardening. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xiv. 63 Witnesse the brawn on his hands and knees made with continuall praying. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. brawn-bands n. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > a bond, tie, or fastening > [noun] > a band or binding > bands made of brawn brawn-bands1608 1608 H. Plat Floraes Paradise Beautified 57 Binding the barke..with a packthred, or rather with Brawne-bands, will not keep roses..long from blowing. brawn-buttock n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > buttock(s) > [noun] > types of brawn-buttocka1616 pin buttocka1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. ii. 17 A Barbers chaire..fits..the brawn buttocke, or any buttocke. View more context for this quotation b. brawn-fed adj. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [adjective] > fed on specific food brawn-fed1567 haggis-fed1786 blubber-fed1835 pap-fed1873 beefish1887 beef-fed1903 1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Evj That I may cum brawne fed. brawn-like adj. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscle substance > [adjective] muscular1673 musculary1679 staminal1830 striated1846 brawn-like1849 striped1850 myoid1857 smooth1860 myoepithelial1881 myoblastic1890 sarcoplasmic1891 myofibrillar1927 myoplasmic1960 myofibrillary1975 1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. ii. 1393/2 The surrounding cellular texture..puts on a brawn-like character. C2. † brawn-fallen adj. Obsolete shrunken in flesh, thin, skinny. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > slim shape or physique > [adjective] > thin leanc1000 thinc1000 swonga1300 meagrea1398 empty?c1400 (as) thin (also lean, rank) as a rakec1405 macilent?a1425 rawc1425 gauntc1440 to be skin and bone (also bones)c1450 leany?a1475 swampc1480 scarrya1500 pinched1514 extenuate1528 lean-fleshed1535 carrion-lean1542 spare1548 lank1553 carrion1565 brawn-fallen1578 raw-bone1590 scraggeda1591 thin-bellied1591 rake-lean1593 bare-boned1594 forlorn1594 Lented1594 lean-looked1597 shotten herring1598 spiny1598 starved1598 thin-belly1598 raw-boned1600 larbar1603 meagry?1603 fleshless1605 scraggy1611 ballow1612 lank-leana1616 skinnya1616 hagged1616 scraggling1616 carrion-like1620 extenuated1620 thin-gutted1620 haggard1630 scrannel1638 leanisha1645 skeletontal1651 overlean1657 emaciated1665 slank1668 lathy1672 emaciate1676 nithered1691 emacerated1704 lean-looking1713 scranky1735 squinny-gut(s)1742 mauger1756 squinny1784 angular1789 etiolated1791 as thin (also lean) as a rail1795 wiry1808 slink1817 scranny1820 famine-hollowed1822 sharp featured1824 reedy1830 scrawny1833 stringy1833 lean-ribbeda1845 skeletony1852 famine-pinched1856 shelly1866 flesh-fallen1876 thinnish1884 all horn and hide1890 unfurnished1893 bone-thin1899 underweight1899 asthenic1925 skin-and-bony1935 skinny-malinky1940 skeletal1952 pencil-neck1960 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 49^v Were not Milo his armes brawnefallen, for want of wrastlinge? 1606 G. Chapman Gentleman Vsher iii. sig. D4^v Leane and brawn-falne; I, and scarsly sound. 1702 G. Farquhar Inconstant i. ii. 7 For our Women here in France, they are such thin brawn-fal'n jades. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022). brawnv. Brit. /brɔːn/, U.S. /brɔn/, /brɑn/ Etymology: < brawn n. 1. transitive. To harden; to render callous; also figurative. Obsolete (at least in figurative sense). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > make emotionally unfeeling [verb (transitive)] > make hard or callous hardc1325 hardenc1350 engrege1382 endurec1384 indurec1450 indurate1538 obduratea1540 brawn1571 hard heart1581 sear1582 cauterize1587 myrmidonize1593 obdure1598 Gorgonize1609 stonea1616 petrifya1631 petrificate1647 roborate1652 case-harden1687 ossify1803 hard-boil1929 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > afflict with or cause a skin disorder [verb (transitive)] > render hard brawn1571 callus1842 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (xlii. 5) Those which have bin enured to miserie from theyr chyldhood, wer brauned. 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 13 b If thou hadst not embrued or brawned thine owne hands..in blood. 1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. i. 38 With continuall kneeling, her knees were brawned. a1652 A. Wilson Hist. Great Brit. (1653) 91 Industry brawns and hardens the Arms. 2. intransitive. To become hard or callous. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > of skin: become disordered [verb (intransitive)] > become hard warish1570 brawn1839 1839–47 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. III. 254/2 This cutaneous cancer..consists of a brawning induration. 3. transitive. To fatten (a boar). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)] > feed or fatten pigs brawn1655 swilla1722 to send hogs a shackling1790 pork1877 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. viii. 67 The best way of brawning a Bore is this..before Christmas he will be sufficiently brawned with continual lying, and prove exceeding fat, wholesome and sweet. 1799 R. Southey Nondescripts iv, in Poet. Wks. (1838) III. 65 Pigs were made for Man..born to be brawn'd And baconized. †4. intransitive. To grow fat. (Of a boar.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [verb (intransitive)] > grow fat brawn1573 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 18^v At Mighelmas safely, go stye vp thy bore..better he brawneth, if harde he do lye. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1325v.1571
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brawnn.

Compounds

brawnv.