| 单词 | to cut back |
| 释义 | > as lemmasto cut back to cut back 1. transitive. To prune by cutting off the shoots close back to the main stem or stock. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [verb (transitive)] > trees: prune or lop sneda800 shredc1000 crop?c1225 purgec1384 parea1398 shear1398 shridea1425 dodc1440 polla1449 twist1483 top1509 stow1513 lop1519 bough?1523 head?1523 poll-shred1530 prune1547 prime1565 twig1570 reform1574 disbranch1575 shroud1577 snathe1609 detruncate1623 amputate1638 abnodate1656 duba1661 to strip up1664 reprune1666 pollard1670 shrub1682 log1699 switch1811 limb1835 preen1847 to cut back1871 shrig1873 brash1950 summer prune1980 1871 S. Hibberd Amateur's Flower Garden 210 Early in March cut back all the shoots. 2. To plough the second time, across or at right angles to the first furrow; = cross-plough v. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > plough (land) [verb (transitive)] > cross-plough cross-ploughc1644 overthwart1667 thwart1847 to cut back1858 cross1859 1858 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 19 i. 65 The ordinary method..was for the farmer in the autumn to plough down the field..in the spring he had it cut back. 3. Bread-making. (See quot.) ΚΠ 1907 J. Kirkland Mod. Baker I. 99 When it has been lying altogether ten hours, it [sc. dough] should be cut in pieces and turned from one end of the trough to the other, and well kneaded. The kneading operation should be repeated in another hour's time; but dough need not be cut back, only well kneaded, and four sides folded up. Machine-made dough ought not to require cutting back at all. 4. Cinematography. To return to a previous scene by repeating a portion of that scene. (See cutback n. 2.) Also transitive. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > special effect > special effects [verb (intransitive)] > cut to cut back1913 jump cut1953 society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > special effect > special effects [verb (transitive)] > cut cut1913 to cut back1913 1913 E. W. Sargent Technique Photoplay (ed. 2) 91 The same device may be used to get rid of a dinner scene... We cut-back to some other action. 1916 Technique Photoplay (ed. 3) 194 It is well to remember..that not all plays may be cut back. 1959 J. Halas & R. Manvell Technique Film Animation 337 Cut back so many frames..and these frames are shot again. 5. transitive. To reduce or decrease (expenditure, etc.). Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] littleeOE anitherOE wanzelOE lessc1225 slakea1300 littenc1300 aslakec1314 adminisha1325 allayc1330 settle1338 low1340 minisha1382 reprovea1382 abatea1398 rebatea1398 subtlea1398 alaskia1400 forlyten?a1400 imminish14.. lessenc1410 diminish1417 repress?a1425 assuagec1430 scarcec1440 small1440 underslakec1440 alessa1450 debate?c1450 batec1460 decreasec1470 appetisse1474 alow1494 mince1499 perswage?1504 remita1513 inless?1521 attenuate1530 weaken1530 defray1532 mitigate1532 minorate1534 narrow?1548 diminuec1550 extenuate1555 amain1578 exolve1578 base1581 dejecta1586 amoinder1588 faint1598 qualify1604 contract1605 to pull down1607 shrivel1609 to take down1610 disaugment1611 impoverish1611 shrink1628 decoct1629 persway1631 unflame1635 straiten1645 depress1647 reduce1649 detract1654 minuate1657 alloy1661 lower?1662 sinka1684 retreat1690 nip1785 to drive down1840 minify1866 to knock down1867 to damp down1869 scale1887 mute1891 clip1938 to roll back1942 to cut back1943 downscale1945 downrate1958 slim1963 downshift1972 the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > curtail > of something superfluous prune1565 to cut back1943 trim1966 society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (transitive)] > reduce expenditure retrench1626 to cut down1857 to cut back1943 trim1966 1943 Sat. Evening Post 6 Nov. 112 If the Army cuts back a program, it will not need the steel for some other program. 1953 Manch. Guardian Weekly 7 May 3 Western Europe was cutting back its defence programme. 1958 Engineering 4 Apr. 433/1 Industry is continuing to cut back markedly on capital spending plans. 1965 Listener 2 Sept. 334/1 Germany, another country whose aid budget had been built up impressively by the early nineteen-sixties, has recently cut it back. 1971 Daily Tel. 14 Jan. 2/7 A spokesman for ICI said that recruitment of Ph.D. students had been cut back. 6. intransitive. In Surfing, to turn one's surf-board back towards the breaking part of a wave. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > surfing > surf-ride [verb (intransitive)] > actions of surfer pearl-dive1923 slide1931 hot-dog1959 to hang five, ten1962 to kick out1962 to cut back1963 to pull out1963 to pull off1964 nose-ride1965 rollercoaster1969 shred1977 rail1986 to pull in1987 1963 Surfing Yearbk. 41/1 Cutting back, when a rider is getting too far ahead of the curl, and has to change his direction to get in a better position relative to the wave. 1969 Observer 3 Aug. 35/1 He can ‘cutback’, turning the board back toward the breaking wave. < as lemmas |
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