tholen.¹

Brit.

/θəʊl/, U.S.

/θoʊl/

Forms: Old English thol, ðoll, þol; Middle English–1500s tholle, 1500s–1700s thoule, 1600s–1700s thowle, 1700s thoul, 1800s thowel(l, thowl, ( thauel), 1600s– thole.

Etymology: Old English þol(l, corresponding to Old Norse þollr, Norwegian toll, tulle, Swedish (år) tull, Danish (aar) tol; Middle Low German dolle, dulle, dole, doule, Low German (Bremen Wörterbuch) dolle, dulle, East Frisian dolle, dol, Middle Dutch dolle, Dutch dol(l. Ulterior etymology uncertain. In Old Norse þollr was also ‘fir-tree’, poetic ‘tree’ generally: the connection of sense is not clear. The history of the English word also shows a hiatus during nearly the whole Middle English period. The late altered forms thoule , thowle , and 19th cent. thowel , may be influenced by doule , dowle , dowel n.

1. A vertical pin or peg in the side of a boat against which in rowing the oar presses as the fulcrum of its action; esp. one of a pair between which the oar works; hence, a rowlock.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > rowing apparatus > [noun] > rowlock > thole-pin

tholec725

thole-pin1598

pin1705

oar-peg1875

oar-thole1889

c725 Corpus Gloss. (O.E.T.) 1820 Scalmus, thol.

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 289/9 Scalmus, ðoll.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Scalme, a Thowle; the little peg whereby the oare of a Skiffe is staied.

1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia 62 In stead of thoules wee made stickes like Bedstaues.

1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World iii. 35 Straps..through which they put their Oars in rowing, instead of tholes or pegs.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Autarelles, the thoules or rowlock-pins of a galley.

1827 O. W. Roberts Narr. Voy. Central Amer. 178 These oars are secured to the thowel by straps of raw hide.

1847 H. W. Longfellow Evangeline ii. ii. 102 The sound of their oars on the tholes had died in the distance.

1857 P. M. Colquhoun Compan. Oarsman's Guide 29 The row~lock is composed of 3 parts; the thauel, against which you row [etc.].

1862 J. G. Whittier Cry of Lost Soul iv The guide..drops his oar against the gunwale's thole.

2. A pin or peg in general: spec. (a) a pin by means of which the shafts are fastened to the carriage or axle of a cart, etc.; (b) the handle or ‘nib’ of a scythe-snathe.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > pin or peg

preenOE

prickOE

kevel1251

pina1275

prag1354

key1434

peg1440

tholec1440

thole-pinc1440

lock1514

cotterel1570

pivot1730

pinning1742

steady pin1791

gib1795

needle1811

lockdown1832

cotter1842

peglet1890

pushpin1903

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 492/1 Tholle, carte pynne (or tolpyn, infra), cavilla.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 280/2 Tholle a cartpynne, cheuille de charette.

1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. p. lii The use of..drums made of a piece of a hollow tree, covered on one end with any green skin, and stretch'd with Thouls or Pins.

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Thole, 2. the pin or handle of a sythe-snath.

1880 R. S. Charnock Gloss. Essex Dial. Thole, the two pieces or handles of a scythe.

1908 H. Belloc Mr. Clutterbuck's Election iv. 71 The woodwork..was designed in the Cheshire fashion, with drawpins, tholes, and spring-heads tinctured to a sober brown.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

tholev.

Brit.

/θəʊl/, U.S.

/θoʊl/

Forms: Old English þolian, Middle English þolien, (Middle English þale(n), Middle English þolye, þolie, þolen, Middle English ( Orm.) þolenn, Middle English þolyen, Middle English þoole, tholen, tholy, Middle English þole, tholie, Middle English– thole. (Also Middle English, 1500s Scottish thol, Middle English (Middle English–1500s Scottish) thoile, Middle English–1500s Scottish thoill, Middle English þoliȝe, þol(l, thoole, thowle, tholl, 1500s (1600s–1700s Scottish) thoell, 1700s northern dialect thoyl, 1500s– Scottish and northern dialect thoil.)

Etymology: Old English þolian = Old Saxon tholôn, tholian, Old High German dolôn, dolên (Middle High German dolen, doln; compare German gedul-d), Old Norse þola (Danish taale, Swedish tåla), Gothic þulan, < Old Germanic stem *þul- < weak grade of root *tel: *tol: *tl to bear, suffer: compare Latin tuli, tolerare, tollere, Greek τλῆναι.

Now northern dialect or archaic.

a. transitive. To be subjected or exposed to (something evil); to be afflicted with; to have to bear, suffer, endure, undergo.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > be in adversity [verb (intransitive)]

tholec897

pinea1225

steada1300

endure1340

to well in woea1350

labourc1450

concernc1592

to have a good (bad, etc.) time (of it, formerly on it)1647

to have the wind in one's face1649

to be on (also at) the receiving end1909

to feel the draught1925

to have (one's) ass in a sling1960

to be in lumber1965

the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)]

thave835

i-dreeeOE

tholec897

abeareOE

underbearc950

adreeOE

dreeOE

driveOE

i-tholeOE

throwOE

underfoc1000

bearOE

bidec1200

suffera1250

abidec1275

drinka1340

endure1340

underfong1382

receivec1384

abyea1393

sustain1398

finda1400

undergoa1400

get?c1430

underganga1470

ponder?a1525

a dog's lifea1528

tolerate1531

to stand to ——1540

to feel the weight of?1553

enjoy1577

carry1583

abrook1594

to stand under ——a1616

to fall a victim to1764

the mind > emotion > suffering > suffer mental pain [verb (intransitive)]

tholec897

throwOE

smarta1200

pinea1225

to well in woea1350

painc1350

labourc1450

to fight sore at heart1490

tear1666

the mind > emotion > suffering > suffer mental pain [verb (transitive)]

thave835

i-dreeeOE

tholec897

underbearc950

adreeOE

dreeOE

driveOE

i-tholeOE

throwOE

underfoc1000

bearOE

takec1175

bidec1200

suffera1250

leadc1330

drinka1340

endure1340

wielda1375

underfong1382

receivec1384

sustain1398

finda1400

undergoa1400

underganga1470

ponder?a1525

tolerate1531

to go through ——1535

to feel the weight of?1553

enjoy1577

carry1583

abrook1594

c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxviii. 197 Dauid..lange ær his [Saul's] ehtnesse earfoðlice ðolode.

OE Beowulf 832 Hie..for þreanydum þolian scoldon, torn unlytel.

OE Genesis 2242 Ne wolde þeowdom þolian, ac heo þriste ongan wið Sarran swiðe winnan.

1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1137 Suilc & mare þanne we cunnen sæin we þoleden xix wintre for ure sinnes.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 75 His halie fif wunden þa he þolede for us ine þe halie rode.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 201 He ȝaff hiss aȝhenn lif..To þolenn dæþþ o rode tre.

c1290 Beket 2316 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 173 Þis holi man..þolede martyrdom.

13.. K. Alis. (Linc. Inn MS.) 7138 Al his damage Þat he hadde yþoled in þat vyage.

c1320 Cast. Love 410 He scal euere þolyen deþ.

c1386 G. Chaucer Friar's Tale 248 So muche wo as I haue with yow tholed.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9636 Ded he aght to thole.

c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 212 All y^t oure lord Ihū soeffred in his passionne Oure ladie tholed in sawle.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 659 Feill anoyis thoill ȝhe sall.

1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 175 in Wks. (1931) I Off bitter deth now mon I thole the schouris.

1717 A. Ramsay Elegy Lucky Wood i What loss, what crosses dost thou thole!

1884 E. A. Freeman in W. R. W. Stephens Life & Lett. E. A. Freeman (1895) II. x. 321 They that believed nothing were to thole all revealed punishments. [Affected archaism.]

absolute.1357 Lay Folks Catech. 132 [Christ] tholed [v.r. suffryd] bodily for synful man kynd.c1394 P. Pl. Crede 90 Þe cros þat crist opon þolede.c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 227 How ever thou thole ore thryfe, Alwey thonk God of alle.1718 A. Ramsay Christ's-kirk on Green iii. 28 Ye's thole for this ye Scaul.1880 A. Forbes in 19th Cent. Jan. 190 To be told how our countrymen..toil and thole.

b. to thole an assize, judgement, the laws, etc., to undergo trial. Scottish.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > try or hear cause [verb (transitive)] > stand (trial)

to thole an assize1425

1425 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 9/2 Þe king..forbiddis þat ony man..be aponne his assise þat sall thole þe law.

a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 202 For quhilk, brybour, ȝit sall thow thoill a breif.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. iii. iv. 223 The lordis..quhilk was..thair to thoill ane syse conforme to thair ditta.

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem i. 93 b It is statute, that na man sould thoill judgement, or be judged, be ane man of inferiour estate then his awin peir.

1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. i. 214 The receptor with us cannot be punished, or thole an Assize, till the principal thief be first convict.

1886 St. James's Gaz. 16 Dec. 3 Mr...would probably by this time have tholed an assize before the High Court of Justiciary.

a. To endure without resistance or complaint; to submit with patience to; to bear with, ‘abide’; to put up with, tolerate. Also with infinitive or subordinate clause

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > endure patiently [verb (transitive)] > bear with or tolerate

forbearc897

tholec950

bearOE

abidec1300

bidea1325

takec1330

suffer1340

wielda1375

to have patience with (also in, toward)c1384

supportc1384

to sit with ——c1400

sustainc1400

thulgec1400

acceptc1405

to away with1528

brook1530

well away1533

to bear with —1538

digest1553

to comport with1565

stand1567

purse?1571

to put up1573

well away1579

comport1588

fadge1592

abrook1594

to come away1594

to take up with1609

swallow1611

embracea1616

to pack up1624

concocta1627

to set down bya1630

to take with ——1632

tolerate1646

brook1658

stomach1677

pouch1819

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark ix. 19 Ða huile mið iuh ic beom, ða huile iuih ic ðola.

OE Genesis 597 Þæt is micel wundor þæt hit ece god æfre wolde þeoden þolian.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 9479 So luþer & prout heo was, þat me ne miȝte it þolie noȝt.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15976 Al þer trauaille & al þer ylle Þat þey had þoled wiþ gode wille.

1393 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 7 Þis as before wyt al men we wil nocht thole.

c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 8490 He might the betre thoole Thurgh gile to les a little ring, Whan [etc.].

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. xvi. f. 46^v Thai that tholis nocht thair father and mother, suppose thai do yame iniuris and be cummersum.

1608 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Ivdith iii. 46 in J. Sylvester Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) For thee, we frankly shall pursue and thole, Th'eternall heat and colde of either Pole.

1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs xxiii, in Poems 14 Poor tenant bodies, scant o' cash, How they maun thole a factor's snash.

c1800 Newcastle Prov. in J. T. Brockett's Gloss. North Country Words (1846) II. 178 He that has a good crop may thole some thistles.

184. in Contemp. Rev. (1905) July 64 ‘I com' away,’ said he, ‘for I couldn't thoil to see good food wasted.’

1889 J. M. Barrie Window in Thrums 38 I canna thole 'im.

absolute.1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1140 §6 (Laud) Þa hi ne leng ne muhten þolen, þa stali hi ut & flugen.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 79 Þe man..þe þoleð and forbereð and ne wile seche after wreche.a1340 R. Rolle Psalter ix. 41 Þaire hert redy to serue þe and to thole.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 663 Ȝeit Wallace tholyt and leit thaim say thar will.1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 77 Better it is to thoill heir patientlie, Nor euer mair in hell condampnit be.1880 A. Forbes in 19th Cent. Feb. 234 The British soldier can thole as well as can the Russian soldier.

†b. To endure or bear without giving way; to withstand; to stand. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > adhere constantly or steadfastly to [verb (transitive)] > endure without giving way

tholec1175

suffera1387

outbear1530

to fight out1548

sustain1573

stand1575

hold1592

to stand out1600

to bide out1637

to stand for ——1896

tough1974

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist > maintain resistance against

to stand before ——OE

bearOE

tholec1175

sustainc1330

last1340

suffera1387

support1483

outstand1571

hold1592

to hold outa1616

ridea1649

brunt1800

to stand up to1921

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9399 Þa maȝȝ itt [the eye] siþþenn þolenn wel. Þe sunness brihhte leome.

14.. Songs Costume (Percy Soc.) 60 Her mantill of humilitie, To tholl bayth wind and weit.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 7312 It es wel worthi þat qua May thole na wele, to thole þe wa.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9674 No buerne vpon bent his buffettes might thowle.

c. To bear, stand, admit of, be capable of; to have room for; esp. in phrase to thole amends, to admit of improvement. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > amending > provide a remedy [verb (intransitive)] > admit of amendment

to thole amends1770

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > possibility > allow, admit of [verb (transitive)]

suffera1400

to give leave?a1513

admita1538

endure1593

bear1597

thole1770

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [verb (intransitive)] > admit of improvement

to thole amends1770

1770 J. Watt Let. to Dr. Small 3 Jan. Health and spirits beyond what I commonly enjoy..; though they would still thole amends.

1773 R. Fergusson Poems 108 Fling owr your craig sufficient doses, You'll thole a hunder.

1808 W. Scott Let. 23 Feb. (1932) II. 22 The style would..thole amends, i.e. admit of improvement.

1871 in Notes & Queries 4th Ser. VIII. 156/2 It'll thole a drap mair watter.

†3. To allow, suffer, permit. (With object clause, object and infinitive, or equivalent pron.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > permit [verb (transitive)] > permit by non-intervention

let971

tholec1070

to let (a person or thing) worthlOE

to let (a person or thing) yworth?c1225

sufferc1290

seea1400

assuffera1530

tolerate1533

sustain1541

comport1620

to let something ride1908

c1070 Charter of Leofgifu in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 269 Ic bidde mine leuedien for Godes louen ðat ðu [ne] þolie ðat ani man mine quide awende.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 71 Þole us to bi-wepen ure sunne.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12089 Ȝiff crist itt nollde þolenn himm Naffde he þær to nan mahhte.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1583 Þe toun folc..nolde namore þolie þan ssrewe among hom a wede.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1859 Þenne he þulged with hir þrepe, & þoled hir to speke.

1466 Dunfermline Regr. (Bannatyne Club) 356 I sall nocht thole, graunt nore gyff leiffe..to na man.. to draw na drauchtis of wateris throu my landis.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 59 Þei be þolid to minister prestly oþer sacraments.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. vii. 89 Thoil me to trubble this gret rout of men.

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. iii. f. 11 God will nocht thoile ȝou want ȝour dailie sustentatioun.

1593 T. Churchyard Challenge 11 God would not thoell, for one mans sake alone: That broyles should cause, a million make their mone.

1721 A. Ramsay Prospect of Plenty 83 They'll never thole this great design to tak.

4. intransitive. To be patient, have patience, wait patiently. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > be patient [verb (intransitive)]

to take (something) as it comesc1350

patient1561

patience1596

to turn the buckle of the girdle1606

thole1674

1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 48 Thole a while, i.e. stay a while.

1766 A. Nicol Poems Several Subj. 58 I do bid them thole a while Till ance the spring come in again.

1896 J. Lumsden Poems 7 (E.D.D.) Great is our drouth—but thole a wee.

5. transitive. To bear to give; to afford or grant willingly. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > grant or allow to have > willingly

thole1703

1703 R. Thoresby Let. 27 Apr. in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 428 To Thoyl, afford.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) (at cited word) I could thole him t' meat out o' my mouth.

1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. (MS.) He is so covetous he cannot thoil his servants enough food.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	thole
释义	tholen.¹ Brit. /θəʊl/, U.S. /θoʊl/ Forms: Old English thol, ðoll, þol; Middle English–1500s tholle, 1500s–1700s thoule, 1600s–1700s thowle, 1700s thoul, 1800s thowel(l, thowl, ( thauel), 1600s– thole. Etymology: Old English þol(l, corresponding to Old Norse þollr, Norwegian toll, tulle, Swedish (år) tull, Danish (aar) tol; Middle Low German dolle, dulle, dole, doule, Low German (Bremen Wörterbuch) dolle, dulle, East Frisian dolle, dol, Middle Dutch dolle, Dutch dol(l. Ulterior etymology uncertain. In Old Norse þollr was also ‘fir-tree’, poetic ‘tree’ generally: the connection of sense is not clear. The history of the English word also shows a hiatus during nearly the whole Middle English period. The late altered forms thoule , thowle , and 19th cent. thowel , may be influenced by doule , dowle , dowel n. 1. A vertical pin or peg in the side of a boat against which in rowing the oar presses as the fulcrum of its action; esp. one of a pair between which the oar works; hence, a rowlock. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > rowing apparatus > [noun] > rowlock > thole-pin tholec725 thole-pin1598 pin1705 oar-peg1875 oar-thole1889 c725 Corpus Gloss. (O.E.T.) 1820 Scalmus, thol. c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 289/9 Scalmus, ðoll. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Scalme, a Thowle; the little peg whereby the oare of a Skiffe is staied. 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia 62 In stead of thoules wee made stickes like Bedstaues. 1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World iii. 35 Straps..through which they put their Oars in rowing, instead of tholes or pegs. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Autarelles, the thoules or rowlock-pins of a galley. 1827 O. W. Roberts Narr. Voy. Central Amer. 178 These oars are secured to the thowel by straps of raw hide. 1847 H. W. Longfellow Evangeline ii. ii. 102 The sound of their oars on the tholes had died in the distance. 1857 P. M. Colquhoun Compan. Oarsman's Guide 29 The row~lock is composed of 3 parts; the thauel, against which you row [etc.]. 1862 J. G. Whittier Cry of Lost Soul iv The guide..drops his oar against the gunwale's thole. 2. A pin or peg in general: spec. (a) a pin by means of which the shafts are fastened to the carriage or axle of a cart, etc.; (b) the handle or ‘nib’ of a scythe-snathe. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > pin or peg preenOE prickOE kevel1251 pina1275 prag1354 key1434 peg1440 tholec1440 thole-pinc1440 lock1514 cotterel1570 pivot1730 pinning1742 steady pin1791 gib1795 needle1811 lockdown1832 cotter1842 peglet1890 pushpin1903 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 492/1 Tholle, carte pynne (or tolpyn, infra), cavilla. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 280/2 Tholle a cartpynne, cheuille de charette. 1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. p. lii The use of..drums made of a piece of a hollow tree, covered on one end with any green skin, and stretch'd with Thouls or Pins. 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Thole, 2. the pin or handle of a sythe-snath. 1880 R. S. Charnock Gloss. Essex Dial. Thole, the two pieces or handles of a scythe. 1908 H. Belloc Mr. Clutterbuck's Election iv. 71 The woodwork..was designed in the Cheshire fashion, with drawpins, tholes, and spring-heads tinctured to a sober brown. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † tholen.² Etymology: < thole v. Obsolete. rare. Patience, forbearance, endurance. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [noun] > forbearance or tolerance mercya1225 tholea1325 patiencyc1350 patiencea1382 abidingc1384 sustentationc1384 tack1412 tolerancya1556 digesture1567 toleration1582 acceptance1586 forbearance1599 brooking1624 digestion1653 tolerance1765 the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > gentleness or mildness > [noun] > tolerance or forbearance tholea1325 tholance1446 tholing1457 sufferingc1460 tolerancya1556 toleration1582 forbearance1599 tolerance1765 tolerantism1824 tolerism1851 tolerationism1898 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3496 Ic am god gelus and strong, Min wreche is hard, min ðole is long. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † tholen.³ Etymology: Anglicized < Latin tholus: see tholos n. Obsolete. rare. See quot. 1656, and cf. tholos n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > other parts > [noun] > place where gifts are hung thole1633 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > dome or cupola tipe1532 cupola1549 thole1633 dome1656 tholosc1660 imperial1826 onion dome1868 domelet1883 geodesic dome1952 geodetic dome1957 geodesic1977 1633 J. Fisher Fuimus Troes iii. ii. sig. Eii Let Altars smoake, and Tholes expect our spoiles. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Thole (tholus),..that place in Temples, where donaries and such gifts as were presented there, are hung up. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2021). tholev. Brit. /θəʊl/, U.S. /θoʊl/ Forms: Old English þolian, Middle English þolien, (Middle English þale(n), Middle English þolye, þolie, þolen, Middle English ( Orm.) þolenn, Middle English þolyen, Middle English þoole, tholen, tholy, Middle English þole, tholie, Middle English– thole. (Also Middle English, 1500s Scottish thol, Middle English (Middle English–1500s Scottish) thoile, Middle English–1500s Scottish thoill, Middle English þoliȝe, þol(l, thoole, thowle, tholl, 1500s (1600s–1700s Scottish) thoell, 1700s northern dialect thoyl, 1500s– Scottish and northern dialect thoil.) Etymology: Old English þolian = Old Saxon tholôn, tholian, Old High German dolôn, dolên (Middle High German dolen, doln; compare German gedul-d), Old Norse þola (Danish taale, Swedish tåla), Gothic þulan, < Old Germanic stem þul- < weak grade of root tel: tol: tl to bear, suffer: compare Latin tuli, tolerare, tollere, Greek τλῆναι. Now northern dialect or archaic. 1. a. transitive. To be subjected or exposed to (something evil); to be afflicted with; to have to bear, suffer, endure, undergo. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > be in adversity [verb (intransitive)] tholec897 pinea1225 steada1300 endure1340 to well in woea1350 labourc1450 concernc1592 to have a good (bad, etc.) time (of it, formerly on it)1647 to have the wind in one's face1649 to be on (also at) the receiving end1909 to feel the draught1925 to have (one's) ass in a sling1960 to be in lumber1965 the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] thave835 i-dreeeOE tholec897 abeareOE underbearc950 adreeOE dreeOE driveOE i-tholeOE throwOE underfoc1000 bearOE bidec1200 suffera1250 abidec1275 drinka1340 endure1340 underfong1382 receivec1384 abyea1393 sustain1398 finda1400 undergoa1400 get?c1430 underganga1470 ponder?a1525 a dog's lifea1528 tolerate1531 to stand to ——1540 to feel the weight of?1553 enjoy1577 carry1583 abrook1594 to stand under ——a1616 to fall a victim to1764 the mind > emotion > suffering > suffer mental pain [verb (intransitive)] tholec897 throwOE smarta1200 pinea1225 to well in woea1350 painc1350 labourc1450 to fight sore at heart1490 tear1666 the mind > emotion > suffering > suffer mental pain [verb (transitive)] thave835 i-dreeeOE tholec897 underbearc950 adreeOE dreeOE driveOE i-tholeOE throwOE underfoc1000 bearOE takec1175 bidec1200 suffera1250 leadc1330 drinka1340 endure1340 wielda1375 underfong1382 receivec1384 sustain1398 finda1400 undergoa1400 underganga1470 ponder?a1525 tolerate1531 to go through ——1535 to feel the weight of?1553 enjoy1577 carry1583 abrook1594 c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxviii. 197 Dauid..lange ær his [Saul's] ehtnesse earfoðlice ðolode. OE Beowulf 832 Hie..for þreanydum þolian scoldon, torn unlytel. OE Genesis 2242 Ne wolde þeowdom þolian, ac heo þriste ongan wið Sarran swiðe winnan. 1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1137 Suilc & mare þanne we cunnen sæin we þoleden xix wintre for ure sinnes. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 75 His halie fif wunden þa he þolede for us ine þe halie rode. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 201 He ȝaff hiss aȝhenn lif..To þolenn dæþþ o rode tre. c1290 Beket 2316 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 173 Þis holi man..þolede martyrdom. 13.. K. Alis. (Linc. Inn MS.) 7138 Al his damage Þat he hadde yþoled in þat vyage. c1320 Cast. Love 410 He scal euere þolyen deþ. c1386 G. Chaucer Friar's Tale 248 So muche wo as I haue with yow tholed. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9636 Ded he aght to thole. c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 212 All y^t oure lord Ihū soeffred in his passionne Oure ladie tholed in sawle. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 659 Feill anoyis thoill ȝhe sall. 1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 175 in Wks. (1931) I Off bitter deth now mon I thole the schouris. 1717 A. Ramsay Elegy Lucky Wood i What loss, what crosses dost thou thole! 1884 E. A. Freeman in W. R. W. Stephens Life & Lett. E. A. Freeman (1895) II. x. 321 They that believed nothing were to thole all revealed punishments. [Affected archaism.] absolute.1357 Lay Folks Catech. 132 [Christ] tholed [v.r. suffryd] bodily for synful man kynd.c1394 P. Pl. Crede 90 Þe cros þat crist opon þolede.c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 227 How ever thou thole ore thryfe, Alwey thonk God of alle.1718 A. Ramsay Christ's-kirk on Green iii. 28 Ye's thole for this ye Scaul.1880 A. Forbes in 19th Cent. Jan. 190 To be told how our countrymen..toil and thole. b. to thole an assize, judgement, the laws, etc., to undergo trial. Scottish. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > try or hear cause [verb (transitive)] > stand (trial) to thole an assize1425 1425 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 9/2 Þe king..forbiddis þat ony man..be aponne his assise þat sall thole þe law. a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 202 For quhilk, brybour, ȝit sall thow thoill a breif. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. iii. iv. 223 The lordis..quhilk was..thair to thoill ane syse conforme to thair ditta. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem i. 93 b It is statute, that na man sould thoill judgement, or be judged, be ane man of inferiour estate then his awin peir. 1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. i. 214 The receptor with us cannot be punished, or thole an Assize, till the principal thief be first convict. 1886 St. James's Gaz. 16 Dec. 3 Mr...would probably by this time have tholed an assize before the High Court of Justiciary. 2. a. To endure without resistance or complaint; to submit with patience to; to bear with, ‘abide’; to put up with, tolerate. Also with infinitive or subordinate clause ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > endure patiently [verb (transitive)] > bear with or tolerate forbearc897 tholec950 bearOE abidec1300 bidea1325 takec1330 suffer1340 wielda1375 to have patience with (also in, toward)c1384 supportc1384 to sit with ——c1400 sustainc1400 thulgec1400 acceptc1405 to away with1528 brook1530 well away1533 to bear with —1538 digest1553 to comport with1565 stand1567 purse?1571 to put up1573 well away1579 comport1588 fadge1592 abrook1594 to come away1594 to take up with1609 swallow1611 embracea1616 to pack up1624 concocta1627 to set down bya1630 to take with ——1632 tolerate1646 brook1658 stomach1677 pouch1819 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark ix. 19 Ða huile mið iuh ic beom, ða huile iuih ic ðola. OE Genesis 597 Þæt is micel wundor þæt hit ece god æfre wolde þeoden þolian. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 9479 So luþer & prout heo was, þat me ne miȝte it þolie noȝt. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15976 Al þer trauaille & al þer ylle Þat þey had þoled wiþ gode wille. 1393 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 7 Þis as before wyt al men we wil nocht thole. c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 8490 He might the betre thoole Thurgh gile to les a little ring, Whan [etc.]. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. xvi. f. 46^v Thai that tholis nocht thair father and mother, suppose thai do yame iniuris and be cummersum. 1608 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Ivdith iii. 46 in J. Sylvester Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) For thee, we frankly shall pursue and thole, Th'eternall heat and colde of either Pole. 1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs xxiii, in Poems 14 Poor tenant bodies, scant o' cash, How they maun thole a factor's snash. c1800 Newcastle Prov. in J. T. Brockett's Gloss. North Country Words (1846) II. 178 He that has a good crop may thole some thistles. 184. in Contemp. Rev. (1905) July 64 ‘I com' away,’ said he, ‘for I couldn't thoil to see good food wasted.’ 1889 J. M. Barrie Window in Thrums 38 I canna thole 'im. absolute.1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1140 §6 (Laud) Þa hi ne leng ne muhten þolen, þa stali hi ut & flugen.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 79 Þe man..þe þoleð and forbereð and ne wile seche after wreche.a1340 R. Rolle Psalter ix. 41 Þaire hert redy to serue þe and to thole.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 663 Ȝeit Wallace tholyt and leit thaim say thar will.1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 77 Better it is to thoill heir patientlie, Nor euer mair in hell condampnit be.1880 A. Forbes in 19th Cent. Feb. 234 The British soldier can thole as well as can the Russian soldier. †b. To endure or bear without giving way; to withstand; to stand. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > adhere constantly or steadfastly to [verb (transitive)] > endure without giving way tholec1175 suffera1387 outbear1530 to fight out1548 sustain1573 stand1575 hold1592 to stand out1600 to bide out1637 to stand for ——1896 tough1974 the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist > maintain resistance against to stand before ——OE bearOE tholec1175 sustainc1330 last1340 suffera1387 support1483 outstand1571 hold1592 to hold outa1616 ridea1649 brunt1800 to stand up to1921 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9399 Þa maȝȝ itt [the eye] siþþenn þolenn wel. Þe sunness brihhte leome. 14.. Songs Costume (Percy Soc.) 60 Her mantill of humilitie, To tholl bayth wind and weit. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 7312 It es wel worthi þat qua May thole na wele, to thole þe wa. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9674 No buerne vpon bent his buffettes might thowle. c. To bear, stand, admit of, be capable of; to have room for; esp. in phrase to thole amends, to admit of improvement. dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > amending > provide a remedy [verb (intransitive)] > admit of amendment to thole amends1770 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > possibility > allow, admit of [verb (transitive)] suffera1400 to give leave?a1513 admita1538 endure1593 bear1597 thole1770 the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [verb (intransitive)] > admit of improvement to thole amends1770 1770 J. Watt Let. to Dr. Small 3 Jan. Health and spirits beyond what I commonly enjoy..; though they would still thole amends. 1773 R. Fergusson Poems 108 Fling owr your craig sufficient doses, You'll thole a hunder. 1808 W. Scott Let. 23 Feb. (1932) II. 22 The style would..thole amends, i.e. admit of improvement. 1871 in Notes & Queries 4th Ser. VIII. 156/2 It'll thole a drap mair watter. †3. To allow, suffer, permit. (With object clause, object and infinitive, or equivalent pron.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > permit [verb (transitive)] > permit by non-intervention let971 tholec1070 to let (a person or thing) worthlOE to let (a person or thing) yworth?c1225 sufferc1290 seea1400 assuffera1530 tolerate1533 sustain1541 comport1620 to let something ride1908 c1070 Charter of Leofgifu in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 269 Ic bidde mine leuedien for Godes louen ðat ðu [ne] þolie ðat ani man mine quide awende. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 71 Þole us to bi-wepen ure sunne. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12089 Ȝiff crist itt nollde þolenn himm Naffde he þær to nan mahhte. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1583 Þe toun folc..nolde namore þolie þan ssrewe among hom a wede. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1859 Þenne he þulged with hir þrepe, & þoled hir to speke. 1466 Dunfermline Regr. (Bannatyne Club) 356 I sall nocht thole, graunt nore gyff leiffe..to na man.. to draw na drauchtis of wateris throu my landis. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 59 Þei be þolid to minister prestly oþer sacraments. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. vii. 89 Thoil me to trubble this gret rout of men. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. iii. f. 11 God will nocht thoile ȝou want ȝour dailie sustentatioun. 1593 T. Churchyard Challenge 11 God would not thoell, for one mans sake alone: That broyles should cause, a million make their mone. 1721 A. Ramsay Prospect of Plenty 83 They'll never thole this great design to tak. 4. intransitive. To be patient, have patience, wait patiently. dialect. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > be patient [verb (intransitive)] to take (something) as it comesc1350 patient1561 patience1596 to turn the buckle of the girdle1606 thole1674 1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 48 Thole a while, i.e. stay a while. 1766 A. Nicol Poems Several Subj. 58 I do bid them thole a while Till ance the spring come in again. 1896 J. Lumsden Poems 7 (E.D.D.) Great is our drouth—but thole a wee. 5. transitive. To bear to give; to afford or grant willingly. dialect. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > grant or allow to have > willingly thole1703 1703 R. Thoresby Let. 27 Apr. in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 428 To Thoyl, afford. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) (at cited word) I could thole him t' meat out o' my mouth. 1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. (MS.) He is so covetous he cannot thoil his servants enough food. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c725n.²a1325n.³1633v.c897
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