branen.

Brit.

/breɪn/, U.S.

/breɪn/

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: membrane n.

Etymology: Shortened < membrane n.

Physics.

An extended object with any given number of dimensions, of which strings in string theory are examples with one dimension. Also with prefixed numbers, or symbols representing numbers, as 2-brane, p-brane.Quot. 1988 is from a paper received for publication earlier (18 May 1987) than quot. 1987 (1 Aug.).

ΚΠ

1987 Physics Lett. B. 198 441 The extension of the spacetime supersymmetric Green–Schwarz covariant superstring action to p-dimensional extended objects (p-branes) is possible if and only if the on-shell p-dimensional Bose and Fermi degrees of freedom are equal.

1988 M. Duff et al. in Nucl. Physics B. 297 516 We shall be concerned only with extended objects of one time and two space dimensions, i.e. ‘2-branes’... Possible ‘p-brane’ theories exist whenever there is a closed p + 2 form in superspace.

1996 Sci. Amer. Jan. 75/2 He [sc. M. J. Duff] found that a five-dimensional membrane, or a ‘five-brane’, that moved through a 10-dimensional space could serve as an alternative description of string theory.

1997 New Scientist 18 Jan. 35/2 A string is a one-brane, an ordinary membrane like a soap bubble is a two-brane, and so on.

1998 Independent on Sunday 19 July (Review Suppl.) 56/2 With extra dimensions thrown in, strings turn into membranes..—and, to complicate things further, these membranes are also called ‘p-branes’, where ‘p’ is the number of dimensions.

2000 Nature 2 Mar. 28/3 One of the key ideas..is that the four-dimensional space–time we observe at everyday scales is actually the evolution in time of a three-brane moving through an ambient space–time of higher dimension.

Compounds

brane-world n. a world model in which our space-time is the result of a three-brane moving through a space-time of higher dimension, with all interactions except gravity being confined to the three-brane.

ΚΠ

1999 Z. Kakushadze & S.-H. H. Tye in Nucl. Physics B. 548 181 For appropriate values of V_p−3 and V_9−p all the known experimental constants appear to be satisfied, and this scenario, which we will refer to as ‘Brane World’, a priori seems to be a viable possibility for describing our universe.

2001 Nature 28 June 987/3 Other variations of brane-world theory are being used to tackle questions about the evolution of the Universe.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	brane
释义	branen. Brit. /breɪn/, U.S. /breɪn/ Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: membrane n. Etymology: Shortened < membrane n. Physics. An extended object with any given number of dimensions, of which strings in string theory are examples with one dimension. Also with prefixed numbers, or symbols representing numbers, as 2-brane, p-brane.Quot. 1988 is from a paper received for publication earlier (18 May 1987) than quot. 1987 (1 Aug.). ΚΠ 1987 Physics Lett. B. 198 441 The extension of the spacetime supersymmetric Green–Schwarz covariant superstring action to p-dimensional extended objects (p-branes) is possible if and only if the on-shell p-dimensional Bose and Fermi degrees of freedom are equal. 1988 M. Duff et al. in Nucl. Physics B. 297 516 We shall be concerned only with extended objects of one time and two space dimensions, i.e. ‘2-branes’... Possible ‘p-brane’ theories exist whenever there is a closed p + 2 form in superspace. 1996 Sci. Amer. Jan. 75/2 He [sc. M. J. Duff] found that a five-dimensional membrane, or a ‘five-brane’, that moved through a 10-dimensional space could serve as an alternative description of string theory. 1997 New Scientist 18 Jan. 35/2 A string is a one-brane, an ordinary membrane like a soap bubble is a two-brane, and so on. 1998 Independent on Sunday 19 July (Review Suppl.) 56/2 With extra dimensions thrown in, strings turn into membranes..—and, to complicate things further, these membranes are also called ‘p-branes’, where ‘p’ is the number of dimensions. 2000 Nature 2 Mar. 28/3 One of the key ideas..is that the four-dimensional space–time we observe at everyday scales is actually the evolution in time of a three-brane moving through an ambient space–time of higher dimension. Compounds brane-world n. a world model in which our space-time is the result of a three-brane moving through a space-time of higher dimension, with all interactions except gravity being confined to the three-brane. ΚΠ 1999 Z. Kakushadze & S.-H. H. Tye in Nucl. Physics B. 548 181 For appropriate values of V_p−3 and V_9−p all the known experimental constants appear to be satisfied, and this scenario, which we will refer to as ‘Brane World’, a priori seems to be a viable possibility for describing our universe. 2001 Nature 28 June 987/3 Other variations of brane-world theory are being used to tackle questions about the evolution of the Universe. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1987
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