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单词 tan
释义

tann.1adj.

Brit. /tan/, U.S. /tæn/
Forms: Also 1600s tann(e.
Etymology: probably < French tan (13th cent. in Littré, also in Cotgrave 1611 ‘tan, the barke of a young Oake, wherewith, being small beaten, leather is tanned’) = medieval Latin tannum, apparently of Celtic origin: compare Breton tann (masculine), oak, Cornish glas-tannen evergreen oak, ilex (Thurneysen). Thence the verb, medieval Latin tannāre, Old French tanner to tan; compare also Dutch taan, late Middle Dutch tāne tan, tānen to tan.
A. n.1
I. Senses relating to oak bark.
1.
a. The crushed bark of the oak or of other trees, an infusion of which is used in converting hides into leather.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > bark > [noun] > for tanning
tan1604
mill1626
quercitron1785
tan-bark1799
alcornoque1821
1604 [see tan-mill n. at Compounds 1a]. 1611 [see tan-fat n. at Compounds 2].
a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 69 Tann, 1 Load must be 60 yards long, 1 yard high, 3 Rinds thick.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Tan, the Bark of a young Oak, beaten small and us'd..for the tanning..of Leather.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Not only the Bark, but every Part of the Oak Tree..makes good Tan.
1840 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 73/2 The word tan is sometimes, though improperly, used for the bark itself, which is the chief ingredient in the tanning of leather.
1852 C. Morfit Art of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing (1853) 38 The name tan is applied to coarsely-powdered bark containing a principle which is the active agent in the tanning of hides.
b. Spent bark from the tan-pits, used by gardeners, and for riding-courses, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > bark > [noun] > for tanning > spent
tan1739
tan-bark1903
1739 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. II. (at cited word) The best Sort of Tan for Hotbeds, is, that which is ground of a midling Size, neither too small nor too large.
1767 Ann. Reg. 1766 108 A melon raised..in Southwark upon tan was sold in Covent-garden Market.
1812 S. Edwards New Bot. Garden I. i. 54 A thin covering of tan or some other substance.
1849 H. W. Longfellow Kavanagh xix. 101 Circus,—with its tan and tinsel.
1887 Morning Post 8 July (Sport. Notes) After the usual canter [she] galloped him a mile and a quarter on the tan.
2. The astringent principle contained in oak-bark, etc.; tannin; also the solution of this, tan-liquor, ‘ooze’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > other substances > [noun] > substances in bark
tan1806
fraxetin1864
fraxin1864
viburnin1886
sapotoxin1891
yohimbenine1897
1806 W. Henry Epitome Chem. (ed. 4) i. xix. 280 Until very lately, tan had been known only as a production of nature.
1806 W. Henry Epitome Chem. (ed. 4) i. xix. 278 Tan exists abundantly in the bark of the oak, the willow, &c. and in the gall-nut.
1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xxiv. 612 To preserve them, the nets were soaked in tan.
II. Senses relating to the colour.
3.
a. The brown colour of tan; tawny.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > yellowish brown > tan
tan-colour1811
leather1872
suede1873
tan1888
saddle brown1907
saddle1947
1888 Daily News 17 July 5/8 Simplicity is the word of command as regards outlines, and tan is the special colour of this season.
1888 Lady 25 Oct. 378/1 [Gloves] in the beautiful shades of brown, chocolate, oak, tans, and black.
b. esp. The bronzed tint imparted to the skin by exposure to the sun or the weather.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > tan > [noun]
tanning1598
sunburntness1692
tawn1744
tan1749
sunniness1753
suntan1809
tannage1845
snow-tan1901
sea-tan1902
perma-tan1984
the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > making or becoming brown > [noun] > becoming bronze
tawn1744
tan1749
bronzing1758
1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 228 The tan of his travels, and a beard..had..given it [sc. his face] an air of becoming manliness.
1827 J. Clare Shepherd's Cal. 48 And scare the tan from summer cheek.
1851 N. Hawthorne House of Seven Gables v. 89 The clear shade of tan, and the half a dozen freckles.
1885 Liverpool Daily Post 7 May 5/3 With the tan of a southern sun upon his face.
c. plural. Short for black and tan n. 4. Also singular, a member of this organization. Usually with capital initial.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > policeman > other types of policeman
star1714
Special Constable1733
police runner1782
snoozy1823
New Policeman1830
redbreast1862
roundsman1868
state trooper1883
harness cop1891
black and tans1920
B Special1922
tans1932
1932 S. O'Faoláin Midsummer Night Madness 19 The Tans in their roaring Lancia patrol cars.
1932 S. O'Faoláin Midsummer Night Madness 227 ‘Shut up, you,’ said the Tan angrily.
1951 C. Lynch-Robinson Last of Irish R.M.s x. 161 I am sure that even amongst this class of the Tans..there were a number of quite decent fellows.
1962 E. O'Brien Lost Girl xii. 132 God Almighty, it reminded me of the tans..the night they burst the door in.
1978 F. Burton Politics of Legitimacy iii. 69 Mrs Johnson sees the British troops of today..as latter-day Tans.
4. plural. [elliptical use of the adjective.] Articles of dress, etc., of a tan colour; esp. tan shoes or boots.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > [noun] > shoes or boots > types of
patent leathers1839
patent1888
tans1902
1902 Daily Chron. 17 Sept. 5/2 Please say..where these boots can be bought. I always buy my tans in the cheapest market.
1904 Daily Chron. 2 July 8/5 Tans are in far greater demand than has been known for years.
B. adj.
Of the colour of tan or of tanned leather; of a yellowish or reddish brown; tawny; bronzed, sunburnt. Also: (rare) black, dark-skinned.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [adjective] > yellowish brown > tan
tanned1575
tan1665
tannish1935
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > black person > [adjective]
blackOE
Morian1504
African1548
Negro1593
black Morian1631
neger1657
Ethiopian1684
nigger1689
Hubshee1698
Kaffir1731
Nigritian1757
Ethiopic1778
dingy1785
blackamoor1813
nigger-looking1837
darkie1840
Negroid1844
Negroloid1844
dinge1848
Melanian1861
negroish1861
Negroidal1878
Africanoid1885
chocolate?1886
melanodermic1924
nigra1938
tan1950
the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > tan > [adjective]
brownc1384
nut-brownc1503
weather-beaten1530
tanned1564
tan-faced1614
tan-skinned1614
brown-complexioned1704
tanninga1717
brown-skinned1745
suntanned1796
well-tanned1815
weather-bronzed1837
bronzed1842
weather-tanned1853
saddle-coloured1854
bronze-faced1896
tan1963
1665 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 35 A pair of tan leather gloves.
1845 B. Disraeli Sybil II. iv. vii. 228 Beautiful black and tan spaniels.
1887 W. S. Gilbert Ruddigore I kept guinea pigs..and a small black and tan [dog].
1896 Monthly Packet Christm. No. 61 The daintiest of tan shoes.
1896 E. Thompson in Monthly Packet Christm. No. 98 Too well-fitting tan boots..only adapted to mountain excursions of the picnic order.
1908 Betw. Trent & Ancholme 218 The white or tan sails pass by.
1950 Sun (Baltimore) 13 Sept. 14/2 He has written an article in the ‘tan’ national magazine Ebony.
1963 Pix 28 Sept. 63 Her hair should be blonde and bunched and her figure trim and tan.
1974 S. Sheldon Other Side of Midnight xiv. 275 He looked tanner and leaner than when she had last seen him.

Compounds

C1. From the noun (in senses A. 1a, A. 1b) [some perhaps partly from the verb-stem: compare tan-house n.]
a.
tan-colour n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > yellowish brown > tan
tan-colour1811
leather1872
suede1873
tan1888
saddle brown1907
saddle1947
1811 J. Parkins Young Man's Best Compan. 539 Dark browns, minims, and tan-colours.
tan-liquor n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > leather-making materials > [noun] > tannin > tanning solutions
sumac?a1350
bark-waterc1440
oozea1450
owser1704
sour1756
souring1777
tan-pickle1820
gambier1853
kassu1862
tan-liquor1882
tan-ooze1901
1882 J. Paton in Encycl. Brit. XIV. 382/2 One of the commonest plans for ascertaining the strength of the tan liquor technically called ooze, or wooze, is by means of a kind of hydrometer called a barkometer.
tan-mill n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with skins or hides > [noun] > tannery
tan-house1529
tan-mill1604
tan-yard1711
tannery1736
tannage1799
tan-work1822
tawery1830
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. xii. 243 Instruments, which beat this stone like vnto tanne milles.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1195 [article Sugar] The first machines employed to squeeze the canes, were mills..somewhat like tan-mills.
b.
tan-burning adj.
ΚΠ
1882 J. Paton in Encycl. Brit. XIV. 382/2 ‘Spent tan’, usually to be burned in a special form of tan-burning furnace for raising steam.
tan-strewn adj.
ΚΠ
1904 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 796 Chilcote glanced over the tan-strewn ride.
tan-trodden adj.
ΚΠ
1887 J. Ashby-Sterry Lazy Minstrel (1892) 42 What studies of man and of woman and horse Here pass up and down on the tan-trodden course!
C2.
tan-ball n. see quot.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > other organic fuels > [noun]
reedOE
tanners' turf1688
agaric1812
German fungus1815
colza-oil1830
tan-turf1851
tan-ball1882
1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) Tan-balls, the spent bark of the tanner's yard pressed into balls or lumps, which harden on drying and serve for fuel.
tan-bark n. = sense A. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > bark > [noun] > for tanning
tan1604
mill1626
quercitron1785
tan-bark1799
alcornoque1821
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > bark > [noun] > for tanning > spent
tan1739
tan-bark1903
1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Empire I. i. ii. 34 The tanbark-tree..and many others.
1891 Cent. Dict. Tan-bark.
1903 Smart Set I. 140/1 She had ridden her first horse over the tanbark of Durland's.
tan-bath n. a bath containing an infusion of oak-bark in water ( Cent. Dict. 1891).
tan-bay n. the loblolly bay, Gordonia Lasianthus ( Cent. Dict. 1891).
tan-bed n. a hot-bed made of spent tan; a bark-bed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > hot-bed
tan-pit1707
tan-bed1739
1739 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. II. (at cited word) There are some Persons who make their Tan-beds much wider than what is here mentioned.
1812 S. Edwards New Bot. Garden I. i. 81 The pots should be plunged into a tan-bed.
tan-extractor n. a device for extracting the tannic acid and astringent principles from bark (E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. 1877).
tan-fat n. = tan-vat n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for working with skins or leather > [noun] > tan-vat
tan-vat1592
tan-tub1600
tan-fat1611
tan-pit1707
vat1777
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Coudroir, a Tanfat, or Tanpit.
tan-fork n. a gardener's hand-fork for lifting tan.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > gardening tool > other tools
tracing-staff1712
racer1778
tan-fork1859
1859 R. Thompson Gardener's Assistant 124 Tan-fork.
tan-gallop n. = tan-ride n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > riding school > track in > covered with tan
tan-gallop1856
tan-ride1863
1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports ii. i. x. §2. 357/2 A tan-gallop..made permanently on a course three-quarters of a mile in circumference.
tan-loft n. the loft of a tan-house.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with skins or hides > [noun] > tannery > loft of
tan-loft1852
1852 W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers IV. xxi. 404 Dr. Chalmers opened the tan-loft for public worship.
tan-ooze n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > leather-making materials > [noun] > tannin > tanning solutions
sumac?a1350
bark-waterc1440
oozea1450
owser1704
sour1756
souring1777
tan-pickle1820
gambier1853
kassu1862
tan-liquor1882
tan-ooze1901
1901 F. Adams in Notes & Queries 9th Ser. VII. 412/1Tan ouse’, tanner's ouse, or oak bark, an infusion of which is employed for tanning hides.
tan-pickle n. the liquor of a tan-vat: = ooze n.1 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > leather-making materials > [noun] > tannin > tanning solutions
sumac?a1350
bark-waterc1440
oozea1450
owser1704
sour1756
souring1777
tan-pickle1820
gambier1853
kassu1862
tan-liquor1882
tan-ooze1901
1820 T. Mitchell tr. Aristophanes Knights in tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. 259 On him fell tan-pickle, and nectar on you.
a1859 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1861) V. 181 The drink tasted like tanpickle.
tan-pit n. (a) = tan-vat n.; (b) in gardening, a tan-bed.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for working with skins or leather > [noun] > tan-vat
tan-vat1592
tan-tub1600
tan-fat1611
tan-pit1707
vat1777
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > hot-bed
tan-pit1707
tan-bed1739
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 123 What improves it to that Value is the emptying of the Town Tann-pits on it.
1810 A. Boswell Edinburgh 20 Neighbouring tan-pits scent the passing gales.
1858 G. Glenny Gardener's Every-day Bk. (new ed.) 34/1 Although a tan-pit is not absolutely necessary to make a hot-house, it is necessary to have bottom-heat at command.
tan-pot n. (see quot. 1978).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > pot for tanning nets
tan-pot1946
1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) vii. 96 They could mend nets, boil tan-pots, play football.
1978 Regional Lang. Stud.-Newfoundland viii. 18 A tan-pot or barking kettle is a large cauldron used for ‘barking’ a fisherman's nets with tan to prevent them from rotting in the salt water.
tan-press n. a machine for expressing moisture from the spent tan ( Cent. Dict.).
tan-ride n. a riding-track covered with tan; cf. ride n.2 3b.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > riding school > track in > covered with tan
tan-gallop1856
tan-ride1863
1863 G. A. Lawrence Border & Bastille iv. 70 In the centre is a large fountain of white marble, round which is a broad tan-ride.
1884 E. Yates Recoll. & Experiences II. ii. 81 A tan-ride furnished with various obstacles for leaping experiments.
tan-spud n. a curved chisel for peeling the bark from oak or other trees; a peeler.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > chisel > [noun] > other chisels
grooping-ironc1440
grubbing-ironc1440
grubbling iron1530
ripping-chisel1659
paring chisel1675
ripping-chisel1679
flat chisel1688
burr1794
tan-spud1828
spud1846
dogleg1855
jagger1875
pointer1875
spade-chisel1895
claw-chisel1933
burr-chisel-
1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. at Tan Tan-spud.
tan-stove n. a bark-stove; also, a hot-house with a bark-bed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > glazed frame or cloche
framea1678
hand glass1727
garden frame1731
bark-stove1732
garden-glass1732
handlight1786
tan-stove1828
cold frame1851
cloche1882
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > greenhouse or glass-house > hothouse
stow1614
hothouse1629
stove1697
hot wall1739
moist stove1806
tan-stove1828
warm-house1843
stove-house1860
1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. at Tan Tan-stove.
tan-tub n. Obsolete = tan-vat n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for working with skins or leather > [noun] > tan-vat
tan-vat1592
tan-tub1600
tan-fat1611
tan-pit1707
vat1777
1600 J. Davis in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 104 They found bags of Trane oyle,..Seale skinnes in tan-tubs, with many other such trifles.
1799 Hull Advertiser 2 Mar. 2/1 Tan-yard, bark-mill,..tan-tubs, vats and materials.
tan-turf n. spent tan pressed into bricks for fuel; = tanners' turf n. at tanner n.1 Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > other organic fuels > [noun]
reedOE
tanners' turf1688
agaric1812
German fungus1815
colza-oil1830
tan-turf1851
tan-ball1882
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 87/2 Tan-turf is oak bark made into turf after its virtues have been exhausted in the tan-pits.
Tan war n. Irish History the conflict between the Black and Tans and the Irish Republican Army in 1921.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > war > types of war > [noun] > guerrilla war > specific
Tan war1968
1968 ‘N. Blake’ Private Wound iii. 41 Flurry and I'd had enough of it after the Tan war.
1981 J. Wright Devil's Parole ii. 27 His tales of the Tan War..his often cruel sketches of the Irish.
tan-work n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with skins or hides > [noun] > tannery
tan-house1529
tan-mill1604
tan-yard1711
tannery1736
tannage1799
tan-work1822
tawery1830
1822 J. Flint Lett. from Amer. 125 An iron foundery..a tan-work, a glass-house.
tan-yard n. a place where tanning is carried on; a tannery.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with skins or hides > [noun] > tannery
tan-house1529
tan-mill1604
tan-yard1711
tannery1736
tannage1799
tan-work1822
tawery1830
1711 Customs Notice in London Gaz. No. 4862/4 Any Tan-house, Tan-yard, Work-house.
1777 J. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 241 A mill to grind bark for the tanyard.
1878 J. H. Beadle Western Wilds xxviii. 439 What he wouldn't steal, a hound pup wouldn't pull out of a tan-yard.
1911 J. Masefield Everlasting Mercy 18 The tan-yards stank of bitter bark.
C3. adjs. from A. 3, or B, chiefly parasynthetic, as tan-coloured, tan-faced, tan-sailed, tan-skinned, tan-tinted.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > tan > [adjective]
brownc1384
nut-brownc1503
weather-beaten1530
tanned1564
tan-faced1614
tan-skinned1614
brown-complexioned1704
tanninga1717
brown-skinned1745
suntanned1796
well-tanned1815
weather-bronzed1837
bronzed1842
weather-tanned1853
saddle-coloured1854
bronze-faced1896
tan1963
1614 J. Taylor Nipping of Abuses sig. D1v The Sunburnt, tanskind Indians.
1685 London Gaz. No. 2037/4 A black-brown Gelding..Tan mouth'd.
1861 L. L. Noble After Icebergs 63 Scudding under their tan-colored canvas.
1869 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. 454 A tan-faced digger.
1888 Dict. National Biogr. XIII. 142/2 The tan-sailed barges sailing through the flats.
1892 Daily News 29 Mar. 2/4 An Eton jacket of the tan-tinted cloth, with sleeves to match.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

tann.2

Etymology: Shortened < fan-tan n.
= fan-tan n., a Chinese gambling game.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > other games of chance > [noun]
even or odd1538
love1585
Jack-in-the-box?1593
under-hat1629
pluck-penny1643
morra1659
catch-dolt1674
shuffle-cap1712
fair chance1723
E O1751
teetotum1753
rondo1821
cut-throat1823
hop-my-fool1824
odds and evens1841
spin-'em-round1851
halfpenny under the hat1853
racehorses1853
fan-tan1878
tan1883
pakapoo1886
legality1888
petits chevaux1891
pai gow1906
boule1911
put and take1921
1883 R. L. Stevenson Silverado Squatters 189 Where he might..lose his little earnings at the game of tan.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

tann.3

Brit. /tan/, U.S. /tæn/
Etymology: Japanese.
A Japanese unit of arable land or forest, equal to 300 bu; in modern use equivalent to approximately 0·245 acres (9·92 ares).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > portion or unit of
pounds worthOE
school land1466
shot1478
ground1548
officiary1594
canton1643
lotment1651
bovate1688
fraction1789
mahal1793
erf1812
fractional section1815
forty1845
tan1871
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > Japanese units
tsubo1727
tan1871
1871 A. B. Mitford Tales Old Japan II. 2 Rice land is divided into three classes; and,..it is computed that one tan (1,800 square feet)..should yield to the owner..five bags of rice per annum.
1914 F. Brinkley Hist. Japanese People xxxvi. 527 In Hideyoshi's system,..the rule of 360 tsubo to the tan (a quarter of an acre) was changed to 300 tsubo.
1931 G. B. Sansom Japan i. v. 98 The area was two tan (1 tan is 1,000 square yards).
1964 Japan (Japanese National Comm. for Unesco) (rev. ed.) i. 19/2 The Imperial Proclamation of the Taika Reformation was announced at the end of the year 646... Taxes shall comprise two large bundles and two small bundles of rice crop on one tan (about 0.245 acre).
1970 J. W. Hall Japan vi. 54 Strips of one tan each (at that time approximately .3 acres).
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

tann.4

Brit. /tan/, U.S. /tæn/
Etymology: Japanese.
A Japanese unit used for measuring cloth, equivalent to about ten yards in length and just over one foot in width; also, a piece of cloth of this size.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > [noun] > unit for measuring
tan1876
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > [noun] > piece of > of specific size
whole cloth1402
pattern1695
tan1876
1876 W. E. Griffis Mikado's Empire (1877) II. 609 A tan, or piece of cloth, varies in length from 25 to 30 or more feet.
1909 Westm. Gaz. 23 Oct. 13/1 I sentence each one to bring within three days one tan (about twenty-five yards) of cotton cloth.
1931 G. B. Sansom Japan iii. x. 187 Princes of the blood and ministers of the first rank were restricted to 500 tan of cloth.
1931 G. B. Sansom Japan iii. x. 187 One tan is about ten yards.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

tann.5

/dan/
Forms: Also dan.
Etymology: Chinese.
A female character in a Chinese drama or opera; an actor of such a role.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > part or character > [noun] > types of part or character > in Chinese drama
tan1886
1886 Jrnl. N.-China Branch Royal Asiatic Soc. 20 208 Tan is a female character, and varies also according to age and..circumstances.
1917 S. Couling Encycl. Sinica 149/1 There are five classes of characters in a play..shêng..tan..ching..mo..and..ch‘ou.
1937 L. C. Arlington & H. Acton Famous Chinese Plays p. xxiv Tan, subdivided into laotan, elderly dames with orange bandeau but no make-up; ch'ing-i, virtuous maidens and dutiful matrons; and hua-tan, vivacious and temperamental—often a courtesan or a piquante little maidservant.
1973 R. F. S. Yang in Yuan-li Wu China 739 The ‘four great tan actors’, namely, Mei Lan-fang, Ch'eng Yen-ch'ui, Shang Hsiao-yün, and Hsün Hui-sheng (all were female impersonators).
1975 C. P. Mackerras Chinese Theatre in Mod. Times xii. 199 The list of actors who took part in the festival of 1959 is an impressive one. Among exponents of the Peking Opera were three of the ‘four great tan’.
1978 Nagel's Encycl.-guide: China (ed. 3) 201 There exist series of dan, or feminine roles, sheng, or chief masculine roles, jing, or heroic characters with painted faces, and zhou or fools.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

tann.6

/dan/
Etymology: Chinese.
A Chinese unit of weight equivalent to approximately 110 lb. or 50 kg. (formerly approximately 133 lb., 60 kg.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > units in China and the Far East
batman1583
picul1588
catty1598
tael1598
kati1727
candareen1745
liang1827
tan1911
1911 Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 494/1 Tan, China = 25 gallons. Also 133½ lb. weight.
1965 T. R. Tregear Geogr. China iii. 108 In terms of food this meant a loss of 250 million tan (1 tan equals 133 lb.) since one mow produces an average of 2½ tan.
1973 Genius of China 104/2 It is calculated that the price recorded..would in the reign of Wu Ti be approximately the equivalent of over 20 tan of grain.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

tanv.

Brit. /tan/, U.S. /tæn/
Forms: Also Middle English–1500s tanne, 1500s–1600s tann. Past tense and participle tanned /tænd/.
Etymology: Late Old English tannian , evidenced c1000 in past participle getanned , and agent-noun tannere , probably < medieval Latin tannāre (tanare in Erfurt Gloss. a900) to tan (whence past participle tannālus , in Du Cange), < tannum , tan n.1 and adj. Compounds 1. Compare also Old French tanner, taner (13th cent. in Littré), whence apparently the Middle English and modern verb. Compare also Dutch tānen to tan, generally held to be from French.
1.
a. transitive. To convert (skin or hide) into leather by steeping in an infusion of an astringent bark, as that of the oak, or by a similarly effective process.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > work with skins [verb (transitive)] > convert to leather
taw?c1225
tewc1330
barkc1430
tanc1440
sumac1792
1321–2 Rolls of Parl. I. 415/2 Et xiiii li. pur quirs tannés de faire Barhides, & Sakes as draps.]
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 118/7 getannede hyd.
c1350 Usages Winchester in Eng. Gilds (1870) 358 Euerych cart þt bereþ y-tanned leþer to selle.
14.. Rule Syon Monast. ix, in G. J. Aungier Hist. Syon Monastery (1840) 272 Withe hosen and schone tanned.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 486/2 Tannyn, or barkyn, frunio.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) clxviii. 249 There was seint peter herberowed in a tanners hows, that tanned leder.
1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 19 Preamble No corryour..[shall] cory any hyde of Leyther but such as afore be sufficiantly tanned.
1630 Tom Thumbe 56 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) II. 179 His bootes and shoes a mouses skin, there tand most curiously.
1768 J. Boswell Acct. Corsica (ed. 2) iii. 195 In the island of St. Kilda they tan with the tormentil root.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 85 About three months is usually occupied in tanning calf-skins.
b. transferred. To treat (fishing-nets, sails, etc.) with tanners' ooze or some preserving substance; also, to act upon as an astringent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve from decay, loss, or destruction > by specific treatments
salta1000
preserve1611
tan1615
preservatize1901
1615 E. Sharpe Britaines Busse sig. B3 Euery net must be tanned in a Tanfat.
1664 Keymer's Observ. Dutch Fishing 7 Shee [the Herring Buss] imployeth..at Land..Tanners to Tan their Nets and Sayles.
1883 J. M. Duncan Clin. Lect. Dis. Women (ed. 2) ix. 73 The styptic may pass into the uterine veins in the broad ligament, and produce changes there—tanning the parts.
1905 Daily News 26 July 6 ‘Drink less tea’, says he, ‘but, above everything, mind the infusing’... The British interior will continue to be tanned until the sun of Albion shall set.
c. In the manufacture of artificial marble, to steep (the composition) in a hardening and preservative preparation: cf. tannage n. 1.
ΚΠ
1891 in Cent. Dict.
2.
a. To make brown (the face or skin), esp. by exposure to the sun or weather; to embrown, sunburn; hence, to make dark or tawny in colour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > tan > [verb (transitive)]
tan1530
tawny1602
tawn1721
smirch1828
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > introduction or bringing in > introduce or bring something in [verb (transitive)] > infuse
sheda1325
bedew1340
distil1393
informa1398
transfusec1425
pourc1451
infudea1500
infuse1526
tan1530
colour1536
suck1549
imbrue1565
dewc1572
inspire1576
steep1603
infect1605
imbreathe1609
impregn1652
transfund1670
influence1691
bleed1866
render1885
taste1904
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > sullying or staining of reputation > stain or sully [verb (transitive)]
filea1325
foulc1330
tache1390
dark?c1400
distain1406
smita1413
blemish1414
black?c1425
defoul1470
maculate?a1475
macule1484
tan1530
staina1535
spota1542
smear1549
blot1566
besmear1579
defile1581
attaint1590
soila1596
slubber1599
tack1601
woad1603
besmirch1604
blur1604
to breathe upon ——1608
be-smut1610
clouda1616
sullya1616
taint1623
smutch1640
blackena1649
to cast, put, throw (etc.) a slur on or upon (a person or thing)1654
beslur1675
tarnish1695
blackwash1762
carbonify1792
smirch1820
tattoo1884
dirten1987
society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > pollute or defile
afileeOE
awemOE
filec1175
wemc1175
soila1250
foulc1330
defoula1340
bleckc1380
blemishc1380
pollutea1382
tache1390
sulpa1400
vilec1400
spota1413
stain1446
defilec1450
violate1490
tan1530
smear1549
beray1576
moil1596
discolour1598
smut1601
bespurtle1604
sullya1616
commaculatec1616
decolour?c1622
collutulate1623
deturpate1623
berust1631
smutch1640
discolorate1651
smoot1683
tarnish1695
tar1817
dirten1987
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 752/2 I tanne in the sonne, or am sonne brente... You shall tanne your selfe more upon the see than upon lande.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vi. sig. F4 His..Face all tand with scorching sunny ray.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 127 The neerer they approch to the riuer Indus, the deeper coloured they are and tanned with the Sun.
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 102 The people are..of a good stature, but a little tann'd.
1746–7 J. Hervey Medit. (1767) I. 262 Heat, whose burning Influence..tans into Soot the Ethiopian's Complexion.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. lxviii. 95 In war well season'd, and with labours tann'd.
1853 E. C. Gaskell Cranford xv His face was deep brown, as if tanned and re-tanned by the sun.
figurative.1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 34 All Egypt and Barbary, with Lybia and the Negro Country, are tainted and tannd with this black Religion.1979 Internat. Jrnl. Sociol. of Law 7 230 Ehrlich was not interested in the social life but in the ‘legal life’ of the Bukowina and..his picture of ‘legal life’ is heavily tanned by the traditional pattern of the Bukowinian society.
b. intransitive (for reflexive). To become sunburnt or darkened by exposure.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > tan > [verb (intransitive)]
sunburn1530
tan1530
1530 [see sense 2a].
1884 Illustr. London News 26 Jan. 91/2 One advantage you swarthy people have over us—you don't tan.
1889 Nature 24 Oct. 633/2 The capacity to tan, or become darker by exposure, varies much.
3. transitive. to tan (a person's) hide, also simply to tan (a person): to thrash soundly. slang or colloquial. (Cf. hide v.2 2) Occasionally intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > beat
threshOE
beatc1000
to lay on?c1225
chastise1362
rapa1400
dressc1405
lack?c1475
paya1500
currya1529
coil1530
cuff1530
baste1533
thwack1533
lick1535
firka1566
trounce1568
fight1570
course1585
bumfeage1589
feague1589
lamback1589
lambskin1589
tickle1592
thrash1593
lam1595
bumfeagle1598
comb1600
fer1600
linge1600
taw1600
tew1600
thrum1604
feeze1612
verberate1614
fly-flap1620
tabor1624
lambaste1637
feak1652
flog1676
to tan (a person's) hide1679
slipper1682
liquora1689
curry-comb1708
whack1721
rump1735
screenge1787
whale1790
lather1797
tat1819
tease1819
larrup1823
warm1824
haze1825
to put (a person) through a course of sprouts1839
flake1841
swish1856
hide1875
triangle1879
to give (a person or thing) gyp1887
soak1892
to loosen (a person's) hide1902
the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person
to-beatc893
threshOE
bustc1225
to lay on or upon?c1225
berrya1250
to-bunea1250
touchc1330
arrayc1380
byfrapc1380
boxc1390
swinga1400
forbeatc1420
peal?a1425
routa1425
noddlea1450
forslinger1481
wipe1523
trima1529
baste1533
waulk1533
slip1535
peppera1550
bethwack1555
kembc1566
to beat (a person) black and blue1568
beswinge1568
paik1568
trounce1568
canvass1573
swaddle?1577
bebaste1582
besoop1589
bumfeage1589
dry-beat1589
feague1589
lamback1589
clapperclaw1590
thrash1593
belam1595
lam1595
beswaddle1598
bumfeagle1598
belabour1600
tew1600
flesh-baste1611
dust1612
feeze1612
mill1612
verberate1614
bethumpa1616
rebuke1619
bemaul1620
tabor1624
maula1627
batterfang1630
dry-baste1630
lambaste1637
thunder-thump1637
cullis1639
dry-banga1640
nuddle1640
sauce1651
feak1652
cotton1654
fustigate1656
brush1665
squab1668
raddle1677
to tan (a person's) hide1679
slam1691
bebump1694
to give (a person) his load1694
fag1699
towel1705
to kick a person's butt1741
fum1790
devel1807
bray1808
to beat (also scare, etc.) someone's daylights out1813
mug1818
to knock (a person) into the middle of next week1821
welt1823
hidea1825
slate1825
targe1825
wallop1825
pounce1827
to lay into1838
flake1841
muzzle1843
paste1846
looder1850
frail1851
snake1859
fettle1863
to do over1866
jacket1875
to knock seven kinds of —— out of (a person)1877
to take apart1880
splatter1881
to beat (knock, etc.) the tar out of1884
to —— the shit out of (a person or thing)1886
to do up1887
to —— (the) hell out of1887
to beat — bells out of a person1890
soak1892
to punch out1893
stoush1893
to work over1903
to beat up1907
to punch up1907
cream1929
shellac1930
to —— the bejesus out of (a person or thing)1931
duff1943
clobber1944
to fill in1948
to bash up1954
to —— seven shades of —— out of (a person or thing)1976
to —— seven shades out of (a person or thing)1983
beast1990
becurry-
fan-
society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > beat > soundly or severely
anointa1500
peppera1550
bumbastea1566
dust1612
blue-beata1627
cullis1639
chafe1673
to tan (a person's) hide1679
1679 Mild Let. Farmers to Men of Buckingham (single sheet) 2/2 Let not your Worships thick skin be too sensible that we thus Tan your Hide.
1731 C. Coffey Devil to Pay (1733) iv. 13 Come, and spin, you lazy Drab, or I'll tan your Hide for you.
1835–40 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker (1862) 120 I'll tan your hide for you, you may depend.
1862 Mrs. H. Wood Channings II. ix. 137 ‘I'll tan you too, Mr. Bywater.’.. ‘Tan away,’ coolly responded Bywater. ‘I can tan again.’
1890 J. Curtin tr. H. Sienkiewicz With Fire & Sword xli. 475 To-day you tan people, to-morrow they tan you.
1903 Spectator 14 Feb. 245 Midshipmen, who are boys, are ‘tanned’, but not Lieutenants of twenty-five.
4. Photography. To harden (gelatin) chemically in proportion to the amount of exposure.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > photographic processes > [verb (transitive)] > develop > developing procedures
reduce1855
tan1899
rehalogenize1969
1899 C. F. Townsend Chem. for Photographers (ed. 2) iv. 75 Formaldehyde is not the only aldehyde capable of tanning gelatine.
1957 R. W. G. Hunt Reprod. Colour v. 43 Gelatin, in its usual state, is soluble in hot water. But by suitable chemical treatment it can be hardened, or tanned, so that it becomes insoluble.
1979 G. Haist Mod Photogr. Processing I. v. 225 Images produced in the presence of such oxidation products are also tanned.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1adj.1600n.21883n.31871n.41876n.51886n.61911v.c1000
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