单词 | tan |
释义 | tann.1adj. A. n.1 I. Senses relating to oak bark. 1. a. The crushed bark of the oak or of other trees, an infusion of which is used in converting hides into leather. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > bark > [noun] > for tanning tan1604 mill1626 quercitron1785 tan-bark1799 alcornoque1821 1604 [see tan-mill n. at Compounds 1a]. 1611 [see tan-fat n. at Compounds 2]. a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 69 Tann, 1 Load must be 60 yards long, 1 yard high, 3 Rinds thick. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Tan, the Bark of a young Oak, beaten small and us'd..for the tanning..of Leather. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Not only the Bark, but every Part of the Oak Tree..makes good Tan. 1840 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 73/2 The word tan is sometimes, though improperly, used for the bark itself, which is the chief ingredient in the tanning of leather. 1852 C. Morfit Art of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing (1853) 38 The name tan is applied to coarsely-powdered bark containing a principle which is the active agent in the tanning of hides. b. Spent bark from the tan-pits, used by gardeners, and for riding-courses, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > bark > [noun] > for tanning > spent tan1739 tan-bark1903 1739 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. II. (at cited word) The best Sort of Tan for Hotbeds, is, that which is ground of a midling Size, neither too small nor too large. 1767 Ann. Reg. 1766 108 A melon raised..in Southwark upon tan was sold in Covent-garden Market. 1812 S. Edwards New Bot. Garden I. i. 54 A thin covering of tan or some other substance. 1849 H. W. Longfellow Kavanagh xix. 101 Circus,—with its tan and tinsel. 1887 Morning Post 8 July (Sport. Notes) After the usual canter [she] galloped him a mile and a quarter on the tan. 2. The astringent principle contained in oak-bark, etc.; tannin; also the solution of this, tan-liquor, ‘ooze’. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > other substances > [noun] > substances in bark tan1806 fraxetin1864 fraxin1864 viburnin1886 sapotoxin1891 yohimbenine1897 1806 W. Henry Epitome Chem. (ed. 4) i. xix. 280 Until very lately, tan had been known only as a production of nature. 1806 W. Henry Epitome Chem. (ed. 4) i. xix. 278 Tan exists abundantly in the bark of the oak, the willow, &c. and in the gall-nut. 1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xxiv. 612 To preserve them, the nets were soaked in tan. II. Senses relating to the colour. 3. a. The brown colour of tan; tawny. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > yellowish brown > tan tan-colour1811 leather1872 suede1873 tan1888 saddle brown1907 saddle1947 1888 Daily News 17 July 5/8 Simplicity is the word of command as regards outlines, and tan is the special colour of this season. 1888 Lady 25 Oct. 378/1 [Gloves] in the beautiful shades of brown, chocolate, oak, tans, and black. b. esp. The bronzed tint imparted to the skin by exposure to the sun or the weather. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > tan > [noun] tanning1598 sunburntness1692 tawn1744 tan1749 sunniness1753 suntan1809 tannage1845 snow-tan1901 sea-tan1902 perma-tan1984 the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > making or becoming brown > [noun] > becoming bronze tawn1744 tan1749 bronzing1758 1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 228 The tan of his travels, and a beard..had..given it [sc. his face] an air of becoming manliness. 1827 J. Clare Shepherd's Cal. 48 And scare the tan from summer cheek. 1851 N. Hawthorne House of Seven Gables v. 89 The clear shade of tan, and the half a dozen freckles. 1885 Liverpool Daily Post 7 May 5/3 With the tan of a southern sun upon his face. c. plural. Short for black and tan n. 4. Also singular, a member of this organization. Usually with capital initial. ΘΚΠ society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > policeman > other types of policeman star1714 Special Constable1733 police runner1782 snoozy1823 New Policeman1830 redbreast1862 roundsman1868 state trooper1883 harness cop1891 black and tans1920 B Special1922 tans1932 1932 S. O'Faoláin Midsummer Night Madness 19 The Tans in their roaring Lancia patrol cars. 1932 S. O'Faoláin Midsummer Night Madness 227 ‘Shut up, you,’ said the Tan angrily. 1951 C. Lynch-Robinson Last of Irish R.M.s x. 161 I am sure that even amongst this class of the Tans..there were a number of quite decent fellows. 1962 E. O'Brien Lost Girl xii. 132 God Almighty, it reminded me of the tans..the night they burst the door in. 1978 F. Burton Politics of Legitimacy iii. 69 Mrs Johnson sees the British troops of today..as latter-day Tans. 4. plural. [elliptical use of the adjective.] Articles of dress, etc., of a tan colour; esp. tan shoes or boots. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > [noun] > shoes or boots > types of patent leathers1839 patent1888 tans1902 1902 Daily Chron. 17 Sept. 5/2 Please say..where these boots can be bought. I always buy my tans in the cheapest market. 1904 Daily Chron. 2 July 8/5 Tans are in far greater demand than has been known for years. B. adj. Of the colour of tan or of tanned leather; of a yellowish or reddish brown; tawny; bronzed, sunburnt. Also: (rare) black, dark-skinned. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [adjective] > yellowish brown > tan tanned1575 tan1665 tannish1935 the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > black person > [adjective] blackOE Morian1504 African1548 Negro1593 black Morian1631 neger1657 Ethiopian1684 nigger1689 Hubshee1698 Kaffir1731 Nigritian1757 Ethiopic1778 dingy1785 blackamoor1813 nigger-looking1837 darkie1840 Negroid1844 Negroloid1844 dinge1848 Melanian1861 negroish1861 Negroidal1878 Africanoid1885 chocolate?1886 melanodermic1924 nigra1938 tan1950 the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > tan > [adjective] brownc1384 nut-brownc1503 weather-beaten1530 tanned1564 tan-faced1614 tan-skinned1614 brown-complexioned1704 tanninga1717 brown-skinned1745 suntanned1796 well-tanned1815 weather-bronzed1837 bronzed1842 weather-tanned1853 saddle-coloured1854 bronze-faced1896 tan1963 1665 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 35 A pair of tan leather gloves. 1845 B. Disraeli Sybil II. iv. vii. 228 Beautiful black and tan spaniels. 1887 W. S. Gilbert Ruddigore I kept guinea pigs..and a small black and tan [dog]. 1896 Monthly Packet Christm. No. 61 The daintiest of tan shoes. 1896 E. Thompson in Monthly Packet Christm. No. 98 Too well-fitting tan boots..only adapted to mountain excursions of the picnic order. 1908 Betw. Trent & Ancholme 218 The white or tan sails pass by. 1950 Sun (Baltimore) 13 Sept. 14/2 He has written an article in the ‘tan’ national magazine Ebony. 1963 Pix 28 Sept. 63 Her hair should be blonde and bunched and her figure trim and tan. 1974 S. Sheldon Other Side of Midnight xiv. 275 He looked tanner and leaner than when she had last seen him. Compounds C1. From the noun (in senses A. 1a, A. 1b) [some perhaps partly from the verb-stem: compare tan-house n.] a. tan-colour n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > yellowish brown > tan tan-colour1811 leather1872 suede1873 tan1888 saddle brown1907 saddle1947 1811 J. Parkins Young Man's Best Compan. 539 Dark browns, minims, and tan-colours. tan-liquor n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > leather-making materials > [noun] > tannin > tanning solutions sumac?a1350 bark-waterc1440 oozea1450 owser1704 sour1756 souring1777 tan-pickle1820 gambier1853 kassu1862 tan-liquor1882 tan-ooze1901 1882 J. Paton in Encycl. Brit. XIV. 382/2 One of the commonest plans for ascertaining the strength of the tan liquor technically called ooze, or wooze, is by means of a kind of hydrometer called a barkometer. tan-mill n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with skins or hides > [noun] > tannery tan-house1529 tan-mill1604 tan-yard1711 tannery1736 tannage1799 tan-work1822 tawery1830 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. xii. 243 Instruments, which beat this stone like vnto tanne milles. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1195 [article Sugar] The first machines employed to squeeze the canes, were mills..somewhat like tan-mills. b. tan-burning adj. ΚΠ 1882 J. Paton in Encycl. Brit. XIV. 382/2 ‘Spent tan’, usually to be burned in a special form of tan-burning furnace for raising steam. tan-strewn adj. ΚΠ 1904 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 796 Chilcote glanced over the tan-strewn ride. tan-trodden adj. ΚΠ 1887 J. Ashby-Sterry Lazy Minstrel (1892) 42 What studies of man and of woman and horse Here pass up and down on the tan-trodden course! C2. tan-ball n. see quot. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > other organic fuels > [noun] reedOE tanners' turf1688 agaric1812 German fungus1815 colza-oil1830 tan-turf1851 tan-ball1882 1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) Tan-balls, the spent bark of the tanner's yard pressed into balls or lumps, which harden on drying and serve for fuel. tan-bark n. = sense A. 1a. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > bark > [noun] > for tanning tan1604 mill1626 quercitron1785 tan-bark1799 alcornoque1821 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > bark > [noun] > for tanning > spent tan1739 tan-bark1903 1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Empire I. i. ii. 34 The tanbark-tree..and many others. 1891 Cent. Dict. Tan-bark. 1903 Smart Set I. 140/1 She had ridden her first horse over the tanbark of Durland's. tan-bath n. a bath containing an infusion of oak-bark in water ( Cent. Dict. 1891). tan-bay n. the loblolly bay, Gordonia Lasianthus ( Cent. Dict. 1891). tan-bed n. a hot-bed made of spent tan; a bark-bed. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > hot-bed tan-pit1707 tan-bed1739 1739 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. II. (at cited word) There are some Persons who make their Tan-beds much wider than what is here mentioned. 1812 S. Edwards New Bot. Garden I. i. 81 The pots should be plunged into a tan-bed. tan-extractor n. a device for extracting the tannic acid and astringent principles from bark (E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. 1877). tan-fat n. = tan-vat n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for working with skins or leather > [noun] > tan-vat tan-vat1592 tan-tub1600 tan-fat1611 tan-pit1707 vat1777 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Coudroir, a Tanfat, or Tanpit. tan-fork n. a gardener's hand-fork for lifting tan. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > gardening tool > other tools tracing-staff1712 racer1778 tan-fork1859 1859 R. Thompson Gardener's Assistant 124 Tan-fork. tan-gallop n. = tan-ride n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > riding school > track in > covered with tan tan-gallop1856 tan-ride1863 1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports ii. i. x. §2. 357/2 A tan-gallop..made permanently on a course three-quarters of a mile in circumference. tan-loft n. the loft of a tan-house. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with skins or hides > [noun] > tannery > loft of tan-loft1852 1852 W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers IV. xxi. 404 Dr. Chalmers opened the tan-loft for public worship. tan-ooze n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > leather-making materials > [noun] > tannin > tanning solutions sumac?a1350 bark-waterc1440 oozea1450 owser1704 sour1756 souring1777 tan-pickle1820 gambier1853 kassu1862 tan-liquor1882 tan-ooze1901 1901 F. Adams in Notes & Queries 9th Ser. VII. 412/1 ‘Tan ouse’, tanner's ouse, or oak bark, an infusion of which is employed for tanning hides. tan-pickle n. the liquor of a tan-vat: = ooze n.1 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > leather-making materials > [noun] > tannin > tanning solutions sumac?a1350 bark-waterc1440 oozea1450 owser1704 sour1756 souring1777 tan-pickle1820 gambier1853 kassu1862 tan-liquor1882 tan-ooze1901 1820 T. Mitchell tr. Aristophanes Knights in tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. 259 On him fell tan-pickle, and nectar on you. a1859 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1861) V. 181 The drink tasted like tanpickle. tan-pit n. (a) = tan-vat n.; (b) in gardening, a tan-bed. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for working with skins or leather > [noun] > tan-vat tan-vat1592 tan-tub1600 tan-fat1611 tan-pit1707 vat1777 the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > hot-bed tan-pit1707 tan-bed1739 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 123 What improves it to that Value is the emptying of the Town Tann-pits on it. 1810 A. Boswell Edinburgh 20 Neighbouring tan-pits scent the passing gales. 1858 G. Glenny Gardener's Every-day Bk. (new ed.) 34/1 Although a tan-pit is not absolutely necessary to make a hot-house, it is necessary to have bottom-heat at command. tan-pot n. (see quot. 1978). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > pot for tanning nets tan-pot1946 1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) vii. 96 They could mend nets, boil tan-pots, play football. 1978 Regional Lang. Stud.-Newfoundland viii. 18 A tan-pot or barking kettle is a large cauldron used for ‘barking’ a fisherman's nets with tan to prevent them from rotting in the salt water. tan-press n. a machine for expressing moisture from the spent tan ( Cent. Dict.). tan-ride n. a riding-track covered with tan; cf. ride n.2 3b. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > riding school > track in > covered with tan tan-gallop1856 tan-ride1863 1863 G. A. Lawrence Border & Bastille iv. 70 In the centre is a large fountain of white marble, round which is a broad tan-ride. 1884 E. Yates Recoll. & Experiences II. ii. 81 A tan-ride furnished with various obstacles for leaping experiments. tan-spud n. a curved chisel for peeling the bark from oak or other trees; a peeler. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > chisel > [noun] > other chisels grooping-ironc1440 grubbing-ironc1440 grubbling iron1530 ripping-chisel1659 paring chisel1675 ripping-chisel1679 flat chisel1688 burr1794 tan-spud1828 spud1846 dogleg1855 jagger1875 pointer1875 spade-chisel1895 claw-chisel1933 burr-chisel- 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. at Tan Tan-spud. tan-stove n. a bark-stove; also, a hot-house with a bark-bed. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > glazed frame or cloche framea1678 hand glass1727 garden frame1731 bark-stove1732 garden-glass1732 handlight1786 tan-stove1828 cold frame1851 cloche1882 the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > greenhouse or glass-house > hothouse stow1614 hothouse1629 stove1697 hot wall1739 moist stove1806 tan-stove1828 warm-house1843 stove-house1860 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. at Tan Tan-stove. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for working with skins or leather > [noun] > tan-vat tan-vat1592 tan-tub1600 tan-fat1611 tan-pit1707 vat1777 1600 J. Davis in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 104 They found bags of Trane oyle,..Seale skinnes in tan-tubs, with many other such trifles. 1799 Hull Advertiser 2 Mar. 2/1 Tan-yard, bark-mill,..tan-tubs, vats and materials. tan-turf n. spent tan pressed into bricks for fuel; = tanners' turf n. at tanner n.1 Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > other organic fuels > [noun] reedOE tanners' turf1688 agaric1812 German fungus1815 colza-oil1830 tan-turf1851 tan-ball1882 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 87/2 Tan-turf is oak bark made into turf after its virtues have been exhausted in the tan-pits. Tan war n. Irish History the conflict between the Black and Tans and the Irish Republican Army in 1921. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > war > types of war > [noun] > guerrilla war > specific Tan war1968 1968 ‘N. Blake’ Private Wound iii. 41 Flurry and I'd had enough of it after the Tan war. 1981 J. Wright Devil's Parole ii. 27 His tales of the Tan War..his often cruel sketches of the Irish. tan-work n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with skins or hides > [noun] > tannery tan-house1529 tan-mill1604 tan-yard1711 tannery1736 tannage1799 tan-work1822 tawery1830 1822 J. Flint Lett. from Amer. 125 An iron foundery..a tan-work, a glass-house. tan-yard n. a place where tanning is carried on; a tannery. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with skins or hides > [noun] > tannery tan-house1529 tan-mill1604 tan-yard1711 tannery1736 tannage1799 tan-work1822 tawery1830 1711 Customs Notice in London Gaz. No. 4862/4 Any Tan-house, Tan-yard, Work-house. 1777 J. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 241 A mill to grind bark for the tanyard. 1878 J. H. Beadle Western Wilds xxviii. 439 What he wouldn't steal, a hound pup wouldn't pull out of a tan-yard. 1911 J. Masefield Everlasting Mercy 18 The tan-yards stank of bitter bark. C3. adjs. from A. 3, or B, chiefly parasynthetic, as tan-coloured, tan-faced, tan-sailed, tan-skinned, tan-tinted. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > tan > [adjective] brownc1384 nut-brownc1503 weather-beaten1530 tanned1564 tan-faced1614 tan-skinned1614 brown-complexioned1704 tanninga1717 brown-skinned1745 suntanned1796 well-tanned1815 weather-bronzed1837 bronzed1842 weather-tanned1853 saddle-coloured1854 bronze-faced1896 tan1963 1614 J. Taylor Nipping of Abuses sig. D1v The Sunburnt, tanskind Indians. 1685 London Gaz. No. 2037/4 A black-brown Gelding..Tan mouth'd. 1861 L. L. Noble After Icebergs 63 Scudding under their tan-colored canvas. 1869 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. 454 A tan-faced digger. 1888 Dict. National Biogr. XIII. 142/2 The tan-sailed barges sailing through the flats. 1892 Daily News 29 Mar. 2/4 An Eton jacket of the tan-tinted cloth, with sleeves to match. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). tann.2 = fan-tan n., a Chinese gambling game. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > other games of chance > [noun] even or odd1538 love1585 Jack-in-the-box?1593 under-hat1629 pluck-penny1643 morra1659 catch-dolt1674 shuffle-cap1712 fair chance1723 E O1751 teetotum1753 rondo1821 cut-throat1823 hop-my-fool1824 odds and evens1841 spin-'em-round1851 halfpenny under the hat1853 racehorses1853 fan-tan1878 tan1883 pakapoo1886 legality1888 petits chevaux1891 pai gow1906 boule1911 put and take1921 1883 R. L. Stevenson Silverado Squatters 189 Where he might..lose his little earnings at the game of tan. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online September 2018). tann.3 A Japanese unit of arable land or forest, equal to 300 bu; in modern use equivalent to approximately 0·245 acres (9·92 ares). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > portion or unit of pounds worthOE school land1466 shot1478 ground1548 officiary1594 canton1643 lotment1651 bovate1688 fraction1789 mahal1793 erf1812 fractional section1815 forty1845 tan1871 the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > Japanese units tsubo1727 tan1871 1871 A. B. Mitford Tales Old Japan II. 2 Rice land is divided into three classes; and,..it is computed that one tan (1,800 square feet)..should yield to the owner..five bags of rice per annum. 1914 F. Brinkley Hist. Japanese People xxxvi. 527 In Hideyoshi's system,..the rule of 360 tsubo to the tan (a quarter of an acre) was changed to 300 tsubo. 1931 G. B. Sansom Japan i. v. 98 The area was two tan (1 tan is 1,000 square yards). 1964 Japan (Japanese National Comm. for Unesco) (rev. ed.) i. 19/2 The Imperial Proclamation of the Taika Reformation was announced at the end of the year 646... Taxes shall comprise two large bundles and two small bundles of rice crop on one tan (about 0.245 acre). 1970 J. W. Hall Japan vi. 54 Strips of one tan each (at that time approximately .3 acres). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). tann.4 A Japanese unit used for measuring cloth, equivalent to about ten yards in length and just over one foot in width; also, a piece of cloth of this size. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > [noun] > unit for measuring tan1876 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > [noun] > piece of > of specific size whole cloth1402 pattern1695 tan1876 1876 W. E. Griffis Mikado's Empire (1877) II. 609 A tan, or piece of cloth, varies in length from 25 to 30 or more feet. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 23 Oct. 13/1 I sentence each one to bring within three days one tan (about twenty-five yards) of cotton cloth. 1931 G. B. Sansom Japan iii. x. 187 Princes of the blood and ministers of the first rank were restricted to 500 tan of cloth. 1931 G. B. Sansom Japan iii. x. 187 One tan is about ten yards. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online March 2022). tann.5 A female character in a Chinese drama or opera; an actor of such a role. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > part or character > [noun] > types of part or character > in Chinese drama tan1886 1886 Jrnl. N.-China Branch Royal Asiatic Soc. 20 208 Tan is a female character, and varies also according to age and..circumstances. 1917 S. Couling Encycl. Sinica 149/1 There are five classes of characters in a play..shêng..tan..ching..mo..and..ch‘ou. 1937 L. C. Arlington & H. Acton Famous Chinese Plays p. xxiv Tan, subdivided into laotan, elderly dames with orange bandeau but no make-up; ch'ing-i, virtuous maidens and dutiful matrons; and hua-tan, vivacious and temperamental—often a courtesan or a piquante little maidservant. 1973 R. F. S. Yang in Yuan-li Wu China 739 The ‘four great tan actors’, namely, Mei Lan-fang, Ch'eng Yen-ch'ui, Shang Hsiao-yün, and Hsün Hui-sheng (all were female impersonators). 1975 C. P. Mackerras Chinese Theatre in Mod. Times xii. 199 The list of actors who took part in the festival of 1959 is an impressive one. Among exponents of the Peking Opera were three of the ‘four great tan’. 1978 Nagel's Encycl.-guide: China (ed. 3) 201 There exist series of dan, or feminine roles, sheng, or chief masculine roles, jing, or heroic characters with painted faces, and zhou or fools. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online December 2020). tann.6 A Chinese unit of weight equivalent to approximately 110 lb. or 50 kg. (formerly approximately 133 lb., 60 kg.). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > units in China and the Far East batman1583 picul1588 catty1598 tael1598 kati1727 candareen1745 liang1827 tan1911 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 494/1 Tan, China = 25 gallons. Also 133½ lb. weight. 1965 T. R. Tregear Geogr. China iii. 108 In terms of food this meant a loss of 250 million tan (1 tan equals 133 lb.) since one mow produces an average of 2½ tan. 1973 Genius of China 104/2 It is calculated that the price recorded..would in the reign of Wu Ti be approximately the equivalent of over 20 tan of grain. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online June 2018). tanv. 1. a. transitive. To convert (skin or hide) into leather by steeping in an infusion of an astringent bark, as that of the oak, or by a similarly effective process. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > work with skins [verb (transitive)] > convert to leather taw?c1225 tewc1330 barkc1430 tanc1440 sumac1792 1321–2 Rolls of Parl. I. 415/2 Et xiiii li. pur quirs tannés de faire Barhides, & Sakes as draps.] c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 118/7 getannede hyd. c1350 Usages Winchester in Eng. Gilds (1870) 358 Euerych cart þt bereþ y-tanned leþer to selle. 14.. Rule Syon Monast. ix, in G. J. Aungier Hist. Syon Monastery (1840) 272 Withe hosen and schone tanned. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 486/2 Tannyn, or barkyn, frunio. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) clxviii. 249 There was seint peter herberowed in a tanners hows, that tanned leder. 1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 19 Preamble No corryour..[shall] cory any hyde of Leyther but such as afore be sufficiantly tanned. 1630 Tom Thumbe 56 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) II. 179 His bootes and shoes a mouses skin, there tand most curiously. 1768 J. Boswell Acct. Corsica (ed. 2) iii. 195 In the island of St. Kilda they tan with the tormentil root. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 85 About three months is usually occupied in tanning calf-skins. b. transferred. To treat (fishing-nets, sails, etc.) with tanners' ooze or some preserving substance; also, to act upon as an astringent. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve from decay, loss, or destruction > by specific treatments salta1000 preserve1611 tan1615 preservatize1901 1615 E. Sharpe Britaines Busse sig. B3 Euery net must be tanned in a Tanfat. 1664 Keymer's Observ. Dutch Fishing 7 Shee [the Herring Buss] imployeth..at Land..Tanners to Tan their Nets and Sayles. 1883 J. M. Duncan Clin. Lect. Dis. Women (ed. 2) ix. 73 The styptic may pass into the uterine veins in the broad ligament, and produce changes there—tanning the parts. 1905 Daily News 26 July 6 ‘Drink less tea’, says he, ‘but, above everything, mind the infusing’... The British interior will continue to be tanned until the sun of Albion shall set. c. In the manufacture of artificial marble, to steep (the composition) in a hardening and preservative preparation: cf. tannage n. 1. ΚΠ 1891 in Cent. Dict. 2. a. To make brown (the face or skin), esp. by exposure to the sun or weather; to embrown, sunburn; hence, to make dark or tawny in colour. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > tan > [verb (transitive)] tan1530 tawny1602 tawn1721 smirch1828 the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > introduction or bringing in > introduce or bring something in [verb (transitive)] > infuse sheda1325 bedew1340 distil1393 informa1398 transfusec1425 pourc1451 infudea1500 infuse1526 tan1530 colour1536 suck1549 imbrue1565 dewc1572 inspire1576 steep1603 infect1605 imbreathe1609 impregn1652 transfund1670 influence1691 bleed1866 render1885 taste1904 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > sullying or staining of reputation > stain or sully [verb (transitive)] filea1325 foulc1330 tache1390 dark?c1400 distain1406 smita1413 blemish1414 black?c1425 defoul1470 maculate?a1475 macule1484 tan1530 staina1535 spota1542 smear1549 blot1566 besmear1579 defile1581 attaint1590 soila1596 slubber1599 tack1601 woad1603 besmirch1604 blur1604 to breathe upon ——1608 be-smut1610 clouda1616 sullya1616 taint1623 smutch1640 blackena1649 to cast, put, throw (etc.) a slur on or upon (a person or thing)1654 beslur1675 tarnish1695 blackwash1762 carbonify1792 smirch1820 tattoo1884 dirten1987 society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > pollute or defile afileeOE awemOE filec1175 wemc1175 soila1250 foulc1330 defoula1340 bleckc1380 blemishc1380 pollutea1382 tache1390 sulpa1400 vilec1400 spota1413 stain1446 defilec1450 violate1490 tan1530 smear1549 beray1576 moil1596 discolour1598 smut1601 bespurtle1604 sullya1616 commaculatec1616 decolour?c1622 collutulate1623 deturpate1623 berust1631 smutch1640 discolorate1651 smoot1683 tarnish1695 tar1817 dirten1987 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 752/2 I tanne in the sonne, or am sonne brente... You shall tanne your selfe more upon the see than upon lande. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vi. sig. F4 His..Face all tand with scorching sunny ray. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 127 The neerer they approch to the riuer Indus, the deeper coloured they are and tanned with the Sun. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 102 The people are..of a good stature, but a little tann'd. 1746–7 J. Hervey Medit. (1767) I. 262 Heat, whose burning Influence..tans into Soot the Ethiopian's Complexion. 1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. lxviii. 95 In war well season'd, and with labours tann'd. 1853 E. C. Gaskell Cranford xv His face was deep brown, as if tanned and re-tanned by the sun. b. intransitive (for reflexive). To become sunburnt or darkened by exposure. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > tan > [verb (intransitive)] sunburn1530 tan1530 1530 [see sense 2a]. 1884 Illustr. London News 26 Jan. 91/2 One advantage you swarthy people have over us—you don't tan. 1889 Nature 24 Oct. 633/2 The capacity to tan, or become darker by exposure, varies much. 3. transitive. to tan (a person's) hide, also simply to tan (a person): to thrash soundly. slang or colloquial. (Cf. hide v.2 2) Occasionally intransitive. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > beat threshOE beatc1000 to lay on?c1225 chastise1362 rapa1400 dressc1405 lack?c1475 paya1500 currya1529 coil1530 cuff1530 baste1533 thwack1533 lick1535 firka1566 trounce1568 fight1570 course1585 bumfeage1589 feague1589 lamback1589 lambskin1589 tickle1592 thrash1593 lam1595 bumfeagle1598 comb1600 fer1600 linge1600 taw1600 tew1600 thrum1604 feeze1612 verberate1614 fly-flap1620 tabor1624 lambaste1637 feak1652 flog1676 to tan (a person's) hide1679 slipper1682 liquora1689 curry-comb1708 whack1721 rump1735 screenge1787 whale1790 lather1797 tat1819 tease1819 larrup1823 warm1824 haze1825 to put (a person) through a course of sprouts1839 flake1841 swish1856 hide1875 triangle1879 to give (a person or thing) gyp1887 soak1892 to loosen (a person's) hide1902 the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person to-beatc893 threshOE bustc1225 to lay on or upon?c1225 berrya1250 to-bunea1250 touchc1330 arrayc1380 byfrapc1380 boxc1390 swinga1400 forbeatc1420 peal?a1425 routa1425 noddlea1450 forslinger1481 wipe1523 trima1529 baste1533 waulk1533 slip1535 peppera1550 bethwack1555 kembc1566 to beat (a person) black and blue1568 beswinge1568 paik1568 trounce1568 canvass1573 swaddle?1577 bebaste1582 besoop1589 bumfeage1589 dry-beat1589 feague1589 lamback1589 clapperclaw1590 thrash1593 belam1595 lam1595 beswaddle1598 bumfeagle1598 belabour1600 tew1600 flesh-baste1611 dust1612 feeze1612 mill1612 verberate1614 bethumpa1616 rebuke1619 bemaul1620 tabor1624 maula1627 batterfang1630 dry-baste1630 lambaste1637 thunder-thump1637 cullis1639 dry-banga1640 nuddle1640 sauce1651 feak1652 cotton1654 fustigate1656 brush1665 squab1668 raddle1677 to tan (a person's) hide1679 slam1691 bebump1694 to give (a person) his load1694 fag1699 towel1705 to kick a person's butt1741 fum1790 devel1807 bray1808 to beat (also scare, etc.) someone's daylights out1813 mug1818 to knock (a person) into the middle of next week1821 welt1823 hidea1825 slate1825 targe1825 wallop1825 pounce1827 to lay into1838 flake1841 muzzle1843 paste1846 looder1850 frail1851 snake1859 fettle1863 to do over1866 jacket1875 to knock seven kinds of —— out of (a person)1877 to take apart1880 splatter1881 to beat (knock, etc.) the tar out of1884 to —— the shit out of (a person or thing)1886 to do up1887 to —— (the) hell out of1887 to beat — bells out of a person1890 soak1892 to punch out1893 stoush1893 to work over1903 to beat up1907 to punch up1907 cream1929 shellac1930 to —— the bejesus out of (a person or thing)1931 duff1943 clobber1944 to fill in1948 to bash up1954 to —— seven shades of —— out of (a person or thing)1976 to —— seven shades out of (a person or thing)1983 beast1990 becurry- fan- society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > beat > soundly or severely anointa1500 peppera1550 bumbastea1566 dust1612 blue-beata1627 cullis1639 chafe1673 to tan (a person's) hide1679 1679 Mild Let. Farmers to Men of Buckingham (single sheet) 2/2 Let not your Worships thick skin be too sensible that we thus Tan your Hide. 1731 C. Coffey Devil to Pay (1733) iv. 13 Come, and spin, you lazy Drab, or I'll tan your Hide for you. 1835–40 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker (1862) 120 I'll tan your hide for you, you may depend. 1862 Mrs. H. Wood Channings II. ix. 137 ‘I'll tan you too, Mr. Bywater.’.. ‘Tan away,’ coolly responded Bywater. ‘I can tan again.’ 1890 J. Curtin tr. H. Sienkiewicz With Fire & Sword xli. 475 To-day you tan people, to-morrow they tan you. 1903 Spectator 14 Feb. 245 Midshipmen, who are boys, are ‘tanned’, but not Lieutenants of twenty-five. 4. Photography. To harden (gelatin) chemically in proportion to the amount of exposure. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > photographic processes > [verb (transitive)] > develop > developing procedures reduce1855 tan1899 rehalogenize1969 1899 C. F. Townsend Chem. for Photographers (ed. 2) iv. 75 Formaldehyde is not the only aldehyde capable of tanning gelatine. 1957 R. W. G. Hunt Reprod. Colour v. 43 Gelatin, in its usual state, is soluble in hot water. But by suitable chemical treatment it can be hardened, or tanned, so that it becomes insoluble. 1979 G. Haist Mod Photogr. Processing I. v. 225 Images produced in the presence of such oxidation products are also tanned. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1adj.1600n.21883n.31871n.41876n.51886n.61911v.c1000 |
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