systolen.

Brit.

/ˈsɪstəli/, U.S.

/ˈsɪstəli/

Forms: 1500s systolen, 1500s–1600s sistole, 1500s– systole.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French systole; Latin systole.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French sistole, Middle French, French systole shortening of a vowel or syllable long by nature or position (c1370), (in medical context) contraction, especially of the heart (1541), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin systole shortening of a long syllable, contraction (from 4th cent. in grammarians), (in medical context) contraction (from 13th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources) < ancient Greek συστολή contraction, in Hellenistic Greek also (in medical context) contraction of the heart or lungs, change of a long vowel into a short, pronunciation of a long syllable as short < συν- syn- prefix + στολ- , ablaut variant of the stem of στέλλειν to place (see stole n.¹), after συστέλλειν to draw together, contract. Compare diastole n.Compare Spanish sístole (a1578), Italian sistole (1508), both earliest in sense 2a. In form systolen after the ancient Greek accusative singular συστολήν.

1. Prosody. The shortening of a vowel or syllable long by nature or position. Cf. diastole n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [noun] > quantity > short syllable > shortening

systole1550

1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Bvj Contractio, the makynge short of a sillable which bi nature is long. [Margin] Systole.

1577 H. Peacham Garden of Eloquence sig. Eij^v Systole, when a long Sillable is made shorte, contrary to the nature therof, Darîus for Darïus, Diâna for Diäna, Iosêphus for Iosëphus.

1656 J. Smith Myst. Rhetorique Unvail'd 176 Systole..a shortning. A figure of Prosodia, whereby a long syllable is contrary to its nature made short. This and Synecphonesis are alike, whereunto Diastole is contrary.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Systole, in Grammar, is part of the Poetical Licence, whereby a long Syllable is made short: As in that of Virgil.—Tulerunt fastidia Menses.

1747 T. Nugent tr. C. Lancelot et al. New Method learning Greek Tongue 430 They shorten the long Syllables, which is called συστολή, systole, shortening.

1849 L. Schmitz tr. K. G. Zumpt Gram. Lat. Lang. (ed. 3) Appendix I. 301 In like manner we sometimes find a long syllable used as short, which is termed systŏle.

1861 H. S. Frieze Virgil's Aeneid ii. 404 Steterunt; the penultimate syllable is shortened by systole.

1902 C. W. Bain Poems of Ovid 277 Afuerunt : the e in the ending ērunt is here shortened by systole.

1998 E. R. Anderson Gram. Iconism ix. 242 Another option would have been to use systole, counting the ex- as one syllable instead of two.

2. Physiology.

a. The phase of the heartbeat during which the heart contracts, expelling blood from the heart into the arteries; a contraction of this nature. Contrasted with diastole n. 1.Systole of the atria of the heart, which sends blood into the ventricles, very slightly precedes that of the ventricles, which sends blood into the arteries.

ΚΠ

1565 J. Hall Anat. iii. i. i. 38 in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. Whereof Galen, vpon good reason did attribute Diastolen, & Systolen also to y^e brayne.

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man vii. f. 92^v Sistole is, when the hart by constriction putteth forth the same [spirit].

1653 W. Harvey Two Anat. Exercitations Circulation of Blood i. 16 in Anat. Exercises If it be admitted, that in every pulse all the arteries together are distended by the propulsion of blood, and that the Diastole of the arteries..is from the Systole of the heart.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 41 In this Animal [sc. a lamprey] the heart in every diastole is of a fair purple and ruddy colour, and in every systole pale and wan.

1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 18 When the Heart is in its Systole, the Arteries are dilated.

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 655/2 The systole of each cavity [of the heart] is immediately followed by its diastole or relaxation.

1877 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. i. iv. 102 Practically speaking, there is no interval between the auricular and ventricular systole.

1930 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 91 717 The abdominal venous reservoirs empty (into the chest) during systole.

1983 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 83 1684 (caption) The incompetent valve allows blood to reflux into left atrium during ventricular systole.

2007 M. N. Levy & A. J. Pappano Cardiovascular Physiol. (ed. 9) iv. 60/2 The upper curve represents the peak pressure developed by the ventricle during systole at each degree of filling.

b. The contractile phase in other organs or organelles undergoing rhythmic expansion and contraction.When such rhythmic movement results from blood flow, as in the arteries and brain, systole corresponds to cardiac diastole.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > system > [noun] > organ > faculty or function of > types of functions

systole1565

reluctation1632

metastasis1663

rhythm1683

rhythmus1707

reaction1860

the world > life > the body > vascular system > circulation > pulsation > [noun] > systole

systole1565

1565Systolen [see sense 2a].

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man viii. f. 99 Not onely to the hart belongeth the same Diastole, and Sistole, but likewise to the brayne.

1606 S. Daniel Queenes Arcadia iii. ii. sig. F1^v The Systole, and Dyastole of your pulse, Do shew your passions most hystericall.

1657 J. Trapp Comm. Job x. 8 He was amazed at the manner of the motion of the lungs by Systole and Diastole.

1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall Digress. 350 The Systole and Diastole of the Heart and Lungs, being very far from Synchronical.

1855 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom (ed. 2) xiii. 306 The contraction or systole in any given [branchial] tuft occurs at frequent but irregular intervals.

1896 L. Hill Physiol. & Pathol. Cerebral Circulation i. 10 The occipito-atlantal and other vertebral ligaments extend in cerebral diastole and allow the fluid to escape from the cranial cavity, while in systole..it is driven back.

1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) i. 6 At the moment of systole, or contraction, these feeding-canals suddenly swell.

2013 K. Komsic-Buchmann & B. Becker in K. Heimann & C. Katsaros Adv. Algal Cell Biol. vi. 130 During systole, the CV [= contractile vacuole] associates with the membrane of the flagellar groove.

3. figurative. Chiefly in systole and diastole (also systole-diastole): rise and fall; ebb and flow.As the physical systole simultaneously involves contraction of the heart and increased bloodflow, so it may be used metaphorically as an image of both growth and decline.

ΚΠ

a1626 L. Andrewes XCVI Serm. (1629) ix. 692 We open our mouthes and draw it [sc. the Spirit] in; our Systole, to meet with His [sc. God's] Diastole.

1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. i. iii. 45 The Glowworms..sometimes hide their Light all at once, and a moment after make it appear again with the utmost regularity and exactness, as if they were in a perpetual Systole and Diastole.

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. iii. 41/1 As in longdrawn Systole and longdrawn Diastole, must the period of Faith alternate with the period of Denial.

1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch IV. vii. lxiii. 6 There must be a systole and diastole in all inquiry.

1923 H. G. Wells Men like Gods i. v. 65 The long diastole in Utopian affairs that had begun with the great discoveries, passed into a phase of rapid systole.

1945 Good Housek. Apr. 124/2 Her heart, fluttering high and light in thin, uneven pulse, lurched once, sharply, with the extra systole of emotion.

1946 M. Lowry Let. 2 Jan. (1967) 74 The heart of the book..returns..to the uneasy, but healthy, systole-diastole of Hugh.

1999 G. Bear Darwin's Radio xv. 79 A chaotic predictor for dataflow systole and diastole on the Internet.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	systole
释义	systolen. Brit. /ˈsɪstəli/, U.S. /ˈsɪstəli/ Forms: 1500s systolen, 1500s–1600s sistole, 1500s– systole. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French systole; Latin systole. Etymology: < (i) Middle French sistole, Middle French, French systole shortening of a vowel or syllable long by nature or position (c1370), (in medical context) contraction, especially of the heart (1541), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin systole shortening of a long syllable, contraction (from 4th cent. in grammarians), (in medical context) contraction (from 13th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources) < ancient Greek συστολή contraction, in Hellenistic Greek also (in medical context) contraction of the heart or lungs, change of a long vowel into a short, pronunciation of a long syllable as short < συν- syn- prefix + στολ- , ablaut variant of the stem of στέλλειν to place (see stole n.¹), after συστέλλειν to draw together, contract. Compare diastole n.Compare Spanish sístole (a1578), Italian sistole (1508), both earliest in sense 2a. In form systolen after the ancient Greek accusative singular συστολήν. 1. Prosody. The shortening of a vowel or syllable long by nature or position. Cf. diastole n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [noun] > quantity > short syllable > shortening systole1550 1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Bvj Contractio, the makynge short of a sillable which bi nature is long. [Margin] Systole. 1577 H. Peacham Garden of Eloquence sig. Eij^v Systole, when a long Sillable is made shorte, contrary to the nature therof, Darîus for Darïus, Diâna for Diäna, Iosêphus for Iosëphus. 1656 J. Smith Myst. Rhetorique Unvail'd 176 Systole..a shortning. A figure of Prosodia, whereby a long syllable is contrary to its nature made short. This and Synecphonesis are alike, whereunto Diastole is contrary. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Systole, in Grammar, is part of the Poetical Licence, whereby a long Syllable is made short: As in that of Virgil.—Tulerunt fastidia Menses. 1747 T. Nugent tr. C. Lancelot et al. New Method learning Greek Tongue 430 They shorten the long Syllables, which is called συστολή, systole, shortening. 1849 L. Schmitz tr. K. G. Zumpt Gram. Lat. Lang. (ed. 3) Appendix I. 301 In like manner we sometimes find a long syllable used as short, which is termed systŏle. 1861 H. S. Frieze Virgil's Aeneid ii. 404 Steterunt; the penultimate syllable is shortened by systole. 1902 C. W. Bain Poems of Ovid 277 Afuerunt : the e in the ending ērunt is here shortened by systole. 1998 E. R. Anderson Gram. Iconism ix. 242 Another option would have been to use systole, counting the ex- as one syllable instead of two. 2. Physiology. a. The phase of the heartbeat during which the heart contracts, expelling blood from the heart into the arteries; a contraction of this nature. Contrasted with diastole n. 1.Systole of the atria of the heart, which sends blood into the ventricles, very slightly precedes that of the ventricles, which sends blood into the arteries. ΚΠ 1565 J. Hall Anat. iii. i. i. 38 in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. Whereof Galen, vpon good reason did attribute Diastolen, & Systolen also to y^e brayne. 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man vii. f. 92^v Sistole is, when the hart by constriction putteth forth the same [spirit]. 1653 W. Harvey Two Anat. Exercitations Circulation of Blood i. 16 in Anat. Exercises If it be admitted, that in every pulse all the arteries together are distended by the propulsion of blood, and that the Diastole of the arteries..is from the Systole of the heart. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 41 In this Animal [sc. a lamprey] the heart in every diastole is of a fair purple and ruddy colour, and in every systole pale and wan. 1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 18 When the Heart is in its Systole, the Arteries are dilated. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 655/2 The systole of each cavity [of the heart] is immediately followed by its diastole or relaxation. 1877 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. i. iv. 102 Practically speaking, there is no interval between the auricular and ventricular systole. 1930 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 91 717 The abdominal venous reservoirs empty (into the chest) during systole. 1983 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 83 1684 (caption) The incompetent valve allows blood to reflux into left atrium during ventricular systole. 2007 M. N. Levy & A. J. Pappano Cardiovascular Physiol. (ed. 9) iv. 60/2 The upper curve represents the peak pressure developed by the ventricle during systole at each degree of filling. b. The contractile phase in other organs or organelles undergoing rhythmic expansion and contraction.When such rhythmic movement results from blood flow, as in the arteries and brain, systole corresponds to cardiac diastole. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > system > [noun] > organ > faculty or function of > types of functions systole1565 reluctation1632 metastasis1663 rhythm1683 rhythmus1707 reaction1860 the world > life > the body > vascular system > circulation > pulsation > [noun] > systole systole1565 1565Systolen [see sense 2a]. 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man viii. f. 99 Not onely to the hart belongeth the same Diastole, and Sistole, but likewise to the brayne. 1606 S. Daniel Queenes Arcadia iii. ii. sig. F1^v The Systole, and Dyastole of your pulse, Do shew your passions most hystericall. 1657 J. Trapp Comm. Job x. 8 He was amazed at the manner of the motion of the lungs by Systole and Diastole. 1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall Digress. 350 The Systole and Diastole of the Heart and Lungs, being very far from Synchronical. 1855 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom (ed. 2) xiii. 306 The contraction or systole in any given [branchial] tuft occurs at frequent but irregular intervals. 1896 L. Hill Physiol. & Pathol. Cerebral Circulation i. 10 The occipito-atlantal and other vertebral ligaments extend in cerebral diastole and allow the fluid to escape from the cranial cavity, while in systole..it is driven back. 1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) i. 6 At the moment of systole, or contraction, these feeding-canals suddenly swell. 2013 K. Komsic-Buchmann & B. Becker in K. Heimann & C. Katsaros Adv. Algal Cell Biol. vi. 130 During systole, the CV [= contractile vacuole] associates with the membrane of the flagellar groove. 3. figurative. Chiefly in systole and diastole (also systole-diastole): rise and fall; ebb and flow.As the physical systole simultaneously involves contraction of the heart and increased bloodflow, so it may be used metaphorically as an image of both growth and decline. ΚΠ a1626 L. Andrewes XCVI Serm. (1629) ix. 692 We open our mouthes and draw it [sc. the Spirit] in; our Systole, to meet with His [sc. God's] Diastole. 1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. i. iii. 45 The Glowworms..sometimes hide their Light all at once, and a moment after make it appear again with the utmost regularity and exactness, as if they were in a perpetual Systole and Diastole. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. iii. 41/1 As in longdrawn Systole and longdrawn Diastole, must the period of Faith alternate with the period of Denial. 1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch IV. vii. lxiii. 6 There must be a systole and diastole in all inquiry. 1923 H. G. Wells Men like Gods i. v. 65 The long diastole in Utopian affairs that had begun with the great discoveries, passed into a phase of rapid systole. 1945 Good Housek. Apr. 124/2 Her heart, fluttering high and light in thin, uneven pulse, lurched once, sharply, with the extra systole of emotion. 1946 M. Lowry Let. 2 Jan. (1967) 74 The heart of the book..returns..to the uneasy, but healthy, systole-diastole of Hugh. 1999 G. Bear Darwin's Radio xv. 79 A chaotic predictor for dataflow systole and diastole on the Internet. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1550
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