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单词 sycophant
释义

sycophantn.adj.

Brit. /ˈsɪkəf(ə)nt/, /ˈsɪkəfant/, U.S. /ˈsɪkəfənt/, /ˈsɪkəˌfænt/
Forms: Also 1500s ( sicophanta), sichophant, 1500s–1600s scico-, sico-, 1600s sicco-, scyco-, 1600s–1700s sycho- (1800s sykophant).
Etymology: < Latin sȳcophanta, < Greek σῡκοϕάντης, < σῦκον fig + ϕαν-, root of ϕαίνειν to show. (Compare French sycophante (16th cent.), †sichophant, Italian sicofanta, Spanish sicofanta, Portuguese sycophanta.) The origin of the Greek word, lit. = ‘fig-shower’, has not been satisfactorily accounted for. The explanation, long current, that it originally meant an informer against the unlawful exportation of figs cannot be substantiated. It is possible that the term referred originally to the gesture of ‘making a fig’ or had an obscene implication: compare fig n.2 (See Boisacq Dict. Étym. de la langue grecque.)
A. n.
1. Ancient Greek History. One of a class of informers in ancient Athens: see quots. and etymology above.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > informing on or against > [noun] > informer
wrayerc1000
wrobberc1300
discoverera1400
denunciator1474
informer1503
denouncer1533
detector1541
delatora1572
sycophant1579
inquisitor1580
scout1585
finger man1596
emphanista1631
quadruplator1632
informant1645
eastee-man1681
whiddler1699
runner1724
stag1725
snitch1785
qui tam1788
squeak1795
split1819
clype1825
telegraph1825
snitcher1827
Jack Nasty1837
pigeon1847
booker1863
squealer1865
pig1874
rounder1884
sneak1886
mouse1890
finger1899
fizgig1902
screamer1902
squeaker1903
canary1912
shopper1924
narker1932
snurge1933
cheese eater1935
singer1935
tip-off1941
top-off1941
tout1959
rat fink1961
whistle-blower1970
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 101 We maye not altogether discredit those which saye, they did forbid in the olde time that men should carie figges out of the countrie of Attica, and that from thence it came that these picke thanckes, which bewraye & accuse them that transported figges, were called Sycophantes.
1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 37 Crobulus the Sycophant met him, accompanying Chabrias to the Tower, and said unto him, Do you come to help others, you know not that the poyson of Socrates is reserved for you?
1748 D. Hume Human Understanding in Ess. xi If Epicurus had been accused before the people by any of the sycophants or informers of those days.
1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. xxxi. 181 A class of men who were universally odious,..the informers, or sycophants as they were called at Athens, who had perverted the laws [etc.].
2. transferred and figurative. An informer, tale-bearer, malicious accuser; a calumniator, traducer, slanderer. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > rumour > [noun] > tale-bearer > malicious
Tutivillus1523
sycophant1548
tutiviller1568
vent-giver1611
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > [noun] > one who slanders
missayer1340
slandererc1340
jurorc1380
third tonguea1382
defamerc1425
malignerc1425
disclanderer1447
praterc1500
evil-sayer1530
ill sayera1533
infamera1533
belier1541
sycophant1548
calumniatorc1550
disgracer1570
infamator1571
depraver1584
calumnier1586
libeller1589
infamizer1593
maldisant1598
oblocutor1603
traducer1603
villainizer1605
vilifier1611
calumner1614
scandallerc1620
scandalizer1632
blackmouth1642
deflowerer1645
famer1646
defamator1658
reflector1681
reflecter1686
asperser1702
bedirtera1742
libellist1794
mud-flinger1839
denigrator1875
mud-slinger1876
tar-brusher1884
libellant-
1537 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 84 Whereas Michael Throgmerton..hathe..taken vppon him..to become bothe a Sicophanta in Writing and a most vnkynde deuiser..of thinges most..traytorous against hys sayd Souereigne lorde.]
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. ijv He..was very glad (as tell tales and scicophantes bee..) to declare to the kyng what he had heard.
1561 B. Googe in tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodiake of Life (new ed.) To Rdr. sig. a8v Who can scape the poisened lips of slandrous sicophants?
1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus (iii. 2) 568 As sycophants who make the scapes of men farre greater then they are.
1697 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ I. i. xxi. 114 All busie Informers have ever since been branded with the Name of Sycophants.
3. A mean, servile, cringing, or abject flatterer; a parasite, toady, lickspittle.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > servile flattery or currying favour > [noun] > servile flatterer
papelard1340
placeboc1395
fawnerc1440
pickthank1460
adulator?a1475
earwigc1475
curry-favel1515
men-pleaser1526
gnatho1533
upcreeperc1540
claw-back1549
curry-favourer1563
man-pleaser1564
claw-poll1569
please-man1570
sycophant1575
curry-favour1577
capper1587
insinuator1598
clawera1603
scrape-shoe1607
suck-fist1611
courtiera1616
foot lickera1616
fleerera1627
wriggler1631
fawn1635
limberham1689
toad-eater1742
tuft-hunter1755
arse-kisser1766
sleeve-creeper1809
lick-spit1822
lickspittle1825
shoe-licker1826
toady1826
toad1831
toader1842
bootlicker1846
bootlick1849
favour-currier1855
lubricator1872
bum-sucker1877
handshaker1884
suck1900
mbongo1911
sucker-up1911
apple-polisher1918
snurge1933
ass-licker1939
brown-nose1939
brown-noser1942
arse-licker1951
ass-kisser1951
greaser1959
suck-hole1966
suck-up1970
bumboy1984
fly-
1575 G. Gascoigne Glasse of Gouernem. Prol. sig. Aiiiv What subtile snares these Sycophantes can vse.
a1634 W. Austin Devotionis Augustinianæ Flamma (1635) 224 Such is his [sc. the Pope's] power, attributed to him by his Sycophants that there can bee no Saints but of his making!
1702 N. Rowe Tamerlane i. i A noble Freedom..unknown to fawning Sycophants.
c1740 Visct. Bolingbroke Idea Patriot King viii. 68 Crowds of Spies Parasites and Sycophants, will surround the Throne under the Patronage of such Ministers.
1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. ii. i. 193 The young monarch was accompanied by a swarm of courtly sycophants.
1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) x. 252 The real sentiments of this great prince..were very different from those of his sycophants.
4. Vaguely used for: Impostor, deceiver. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > a charlatan, fraudster > [noun]
shondc725
faitoura1340
fob1393
trumper?c1450
feature14..
chuffera1500
prowler1519
truphane1568
cozener1575
cogger1580
pretender1583
impostor1586
mountebank1589
sycophant?1589
foolmonger1593
affronter1598
assumer1600
knight (also lord, man, etc.) of gingerbread1602
pettifogger1602
budgeter1603
quacksalver1611
empiric1614
putter-off?1615
quack1638
stafador1638
saltimbanco1646
adventurer1648
fourbe1668
shammer1677
imposer1678
charlatana1680
sham1683
cheat1687
hocus1692
gull1699
shamster1716
coal-blower1720
humbugger1752
gagger1781
fudge1794
humbug1804
potwalloper1820
twister1834
jackleg1844
fraud1850
bunyip1852
empiricist1854
Bayswater Captain1880
bluffer1888
putter-down1906
quandong1939
?1589 T. Nashe Almond for Parrat 16 Am not I old Ille ego qui quondam at ye besleeuing of a sichophant?
1606 G. Chapman Gentleman Vsher v. sig. I4v Presumptuous Sicophant, I will haue thy life.
1651 R. Wittie tr. J. Primrose Pop. Errours 163 The good man Daniel Sennertus,..being deceived by a Germane sycophant.
1653 T. Gataker Vindic. Annot. Jer. 10.2 13 It is not any spurious or seditious doctrine in their Teachers, by this foul-mouthed Sycophant, so falsely fathered upon Calvin.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Sycophant,..the Term became used..at last, for a Lyer, Imposter, &c.
B. adj.
Sycophantic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > servile flattery or currying favour > [adjective]
fikingc1230
papelarda1500
gnathonical1540
clawing1574
pickthank1575
slavering1575
claw-back1577
courting1580
fawning1585
adulatory1587
insinuating1592
insinuative1592
scraping1599
adulatorious1612
men-pleasing1615
pickthanking1621
sycophantical1632
gnathonic1637
insinuanta1639
sycophantizing1640
ingratiating1642
led1672
sycophanting1674
sycophantly1680
sycophanta1684
sycophantica1698
pickthankly1702
assiduous1725
foot-licking1786
tuft-hunting1789
sycophantish1821
favour-currying1831
bootlicking1849
toadying1863
creepy-crawly1890
slauming1904
toadyish1909
ass-licking1940
ass-kissing1942
brown-nosing1946
arse-licking1950
sucky1991
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1657 (1955) III. 190 The Protector..now affecting King-ship, is petition'd to take the Title on him, by all his new-made sycophant Lords.
1692 In Praise of Epictetus in E. Walker tr. Epictetus Enchiridion sig. A3 The bended knee Of Sycophant Servility.
1747 S. Richardson Clarissa II. xxiv. 148 A sycophant creature!
1763 J. Wilkes Corr. (1805) I. 236 This sycophant court language.
1848 C. Brontë Jane Eyre (ed. 2) Pref. p. x Ahab did not like Micaiah, because he never prophesied good concerning him..probably he liked the sycophant son of Chenaannah better.

Derivatives

sycophant-like adj.
ΚΠ
1602 B. Jonson Poetaster v. iii. sig. L2 An honest Sycophant-like Slaue. View more context for this quotation
a1616 R. Niccols Beggers Ape (1627) sig. B3 With Sycophantlike trickes, hee tooke delight, With euery Iacke to play the Parasite.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

sycophantv.

Etymology: < sycophant n.
Obsolete.
transitive. To act the sycophant towards.
a. To slander, calumniate, traduce.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > slander or calumniate [verb (transitive)]
to say or speak shame of, on, byc950
teleeOE
sayOE
to speak evil (Old English be) ofc1000
belie?c1225
betell?c1225
missayc1225
skandera1300
disclanderc1300
wrenchc1300
bewrayc1330
bite1330
gothele1340
slanderc1340
deprave1362
hinderc1375
backbite1382
blasphemec1386
afamec1390
fame1393
to blow up?a1400
defamea1400
noise1425
to say well (also evil, ill, etc.) of (also by)1445
malignc1450
to speak villainy of1470
infame1483
injury1484
painta1522
malicea1526
denigrate1526
disfamea1533
misreporta1535
sugill?1539
dishonest?c1550
calumniate1554
scandalize1566
ill1577
blaze1579
traduce1581
misspeak1582
blot1583
abuse1592
wronga1596
infamonize1598
vilify1598
injure?a1600
forspeak1601
libel1602
infamize1605
belibel1606
calumnize1606
besquirt1611
colly1615
scandala1616
bedirt1622
soil1641
disfigurea1643
sycophant1642
spatter1645
sugillate1647
bespattera1652
bedung1655
asperse1656
mischieve1656
opprobriatea1657
reflect1661
dehonestate1663
carbonify1792
defamate1810
mouth1810
foul-mouth1822
lynch1836
rot1890
calumny1895
ding1903
bad-talk1938
norate1938
bad-mouth1941
monster1967
1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 9 By sycophanting and misnaming the worke of his adversary.
b. To flatter meanly; also intransitive to play the sycophant (= sycophantize v. 2).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > servile flattery or currying favour > flatter servilely or curry favour with [verb (transitive)]
flatter1340
to claw the back ofc1394
to pick a thank (also thanks)c1422
clawc1425
to claw by the sleeve1509
to claw by the backa1542
fawna1568
to make or pay (one's) court to1590
adulate1612
hug1622
sycophant1637
to make up to1701
to whip it in with1702
cultivate1706
incense1708
to wheedle in with1726
to grandfather up1747
slaver1794
toad1802
to play up to ——1809
nut1819
toady1827
bootlick1846
to suck up to1860
lickspittle1886
jolly1890
bum-suck1918
arse-lick1919
to cosy up to1937
brown-nose1948
ass-kiss1951
ass-lick1962
love-bomb1976
1637 T. Heywood Pleasant Dial. xiv, in Wks. (1874) VI. 230 Nor sycophant they us, such things to attaine By us.

Derivatives

sycophanting adj. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > servile flattery or currying favour > [adjective]
fikingc1230
papelarda1500
gnathonical1540
clawing1574
pickthank1575
slavering1575
claw-back1577
courting1580
fawning1585
adulatory1587
insinuating1592
insinuative1592
scraping1599
adulatorious1612
men-pleasing1615
pickthanking1621
sycophantical1632
gnathonic1637
insinuanta1639
sycophantizing1640
ingratiating1642
led1672
sycophanting1674
sycophantly1680
sycophanta1684
sycophantica1698
pickthankly1702
assiduous1725
foot-licking1786
tuft-hunting1789
sycophantish1821
favour-currying1831
bootlicking1849
toadying1863
creepy-crawly1890
slauming1904
toadyish1909
ass-licking1940
ass-kissing1942
brown-nosing1946
arse-licking1950
sucky1991
1674 Govt. Tongue viii. 150 His Sycophanting arts being detected.
1704 J. Macmillan in H. M. B. Reid Cameronian Apostle (1896) App. i. 223 A sycophanting age.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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n.adj.1548v.1637
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