swollenadj.

/ˈswəʊl(ə)n/

Forms: see swell v.

Etymology: Strong past participle of swell v.

a. Increased in bulk, as by internal pressure; distended, filled out; esp. morbidly enlarged, affected with tumour; also, of a distended form, bulging, protuberant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > swelling > [adjective]

swollenc1325

bolnedc1380

botchya1398

tumid?1541

tumefied1597

tumefacted1598

proud1607

tumoured1635

hobbeda1722

swelled1733

all of a lump1738

jogged1746

nodular1872

youstered1894

micronodular1960

macronodular1967

the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > [adjective] > distending > swelling > swollen

bollen?c1225

bolghena1250

swollenc1325

rank?a1400

forbolned1413

puff1472

voustyc1480

knule?a1513

puffed1536

boldenc1540

tumorous1547

bladder-like1549

hoven1558

forswollen1565

uppuffed1573

bolled1578

engrossed1578

heaved1578

puffy1598

swelleda1616

bloughty1620

inflate1620

tympanous1625

tumid1626

tumoured1635

tumefied1651

bloated1664

pluff1673

inflated1744

balloon-like?1784

bladdery1785

ballooned1820

bepuffeda1849

utriculate1860

pobby1888

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > protuberance or rounded projection > [adjective]

fullOE

balghc1340

struttinga1398

bouchy1398

bunching1398

bunchy1398

lumpedc1425

bunched1426

bulged1436

knule?a1513

bolling1519

bossed?1541

bossy1543

swelling1544

poked1577

embossed1578

extuberant1578

protuberant1578

protuberated1578

protuberating1578

protubered1578

bunting1584

bellieda1593

gouty1595

bottled1597

buddy1611

hulch1611

hulched1611

jetty?1611

bottle-like1629

bungy1634

extuberating1634

bosomed1646

puffing1661

protuberous1666

tuberant1668

extuberic1680

swollen1688

bellying1700

swelled1704

humped1713

extuberated1727

bottle-shaped1731

ampullaceous1776

hummocky1791

bulging1812

bulgy1847

ampulliform1870

fullish1871

pouchy1884

bumfled1913

c1325 Song of Merci 162 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 123 We loue so slouþe, and harlotrie, We slepe a[s] swolle swyn in lake.

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Tumidus,..swollen.

1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes Alexis of Piemount f. 23^v To heale swollen knees or legges.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. i. sig. M8^v Her swollen eyes were much disfigured.

1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. i. 7 His pouting cheeks puff vp aboue his brow Like a swolne Toad touch't with the Spiders blow.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 4/2 Æolus..an ancient Man with swolne Blub Cheeks.

a1721 M. Prior Poet. Wks. (1779) II. 104 Nor let those sighs from your swoln bosom rise.

1742 W. Collins Persian Eclogues ii. 13 The silent Asp shall creep..Or some swoln-Serpent twist his Scales around.

1816 Ld. Byron Prisoner of Chillon viii I've seen it on the breaking ocean Strive with a swoln convulsive motion.

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xix. 181 The swoln veins stood out like sinews on Ralph's wrinkled forehead.

1839 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation (1863) 61 Upon this great tray are piled the swollen..cotton bags.

1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 519 Plants which, in their wild form, have thin roots, but in many cultivated varieties are provided with fleshy swollen roots.

1890 Retrospect Med. 102 326 The swollen, vascular state of the tongue.

b. Of a body of water: cf. swell v. 1b, 2b, 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > change in level of water > [adjective] > increased or increasing

rising1545

swellingc1550

swollen1652

1652 J. Mayne tr. J. Donne Epigr. in J. Donne Paradoxes sig. F1^v Here the swoln sea views the inferiour ground.

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho IV. xii. 258 The swoln torrents, that descend from the heights.

1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters IV. 247 Cliffs..of which every thunder-shower dissolves tons in the swoln blackness of torrents.

1913 G. M. Trevelyan Life J. Bright Introd. 1 His oncoming was as the surge of the full swollen tide, not of the sea in storm.

c. Increased in amount or degree.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > increased

grown1340

added?a1425

multiplied1463

increased1552

amplified1573

vantaged1578

augmented1605

swelleda1616

swollena1631

auct1652

improved1661

aggrandized1689

manifolded1767

jacked-up1920

a1631 J. Donne Poems (1635) 92 At thy lives last moment, May thy swolne sinnes themselves to thee present.

1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. (1877) I. 61 The inroads of unjust and swollen powers.

1911 G. Elliot Smith Anc. Egyptians ii. 15 The writings that..fill the swollen shelves of our libraries.

2. figurative.

a. Said of a feeling or mental state such as causes a sense of distension or expansion, or of a person affected with such a feeling, etc.; esp. inflated with pride, puffed up.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > [adjective] > rising (of emotion)

swollenc1386

swellinga1616

bursting1667

the mind > emotion > pride > swelling or inflation with pride > [adjective]

to-bollenc1175

bolledc1375

bolnedc1380

swollenc1386

blown1483

puffed?a1500

inflate?1504

bellieda1533

bladder-puffed1549

uppuffed1573

huffling1582

swellinga1586

upblown1590

tumorous1603

windy1603

windy-headed1603

huffed1605

flown1606

huff-pufft1608

puff-pasted1610

turgid1620

turgent1621

high-blown1623

tympanous1625

bladdered1633

tympaneda1634

tumoured1635

tympanied1637

enormous1641

over-leaven1648

flatulent1658

tympany-like1658

huffy1677

tumefied1677

blubbered1699

full-blown1699

bloated1731

tympanitical1772

inflated1785

pompholygous1855

overblown1864

forblown-

c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 894 With humble herte and glad visage, Nat with no swollen thoght in hire corage.

1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. 4889 Eneas Of Ire & rancour so [a]meved was Ageyn þe kyng, with a swollen herte.

?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda iii. ii. 15 And here my swolne harts greef doth stay my tongue.

1625 J. Robinson Observ. xxii. 130 Of them I have known some so swoln in the mouth, as they have thought, that if they gave their Servant a better name, then Sirra, or Boy, they lost of their authoritie.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 369 Swoln with Applause.

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xii. 108 His swoln heart almost bursting.

b. Of language: Turgid, inflated, bombastic.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [adjective] > inflated or bombastic

fleshyc1369

windya1382

unmeasureda1425

puffing1566

embossed1578

puffed1587

bombasted1589

fustian1592

puffya1594

full-mouthed1594

orificial1594

gouty1595

swelling1597

mouth-filling1598

taffeta1598

bombast1601

tiptoe-strouting1602

turgidous1602

swollen1605

dropsieda1616

exsufflicatea1616

turgent1621

ampullous1622

tympanous1625

high-flown1632

tumorousa1637

blustered1638

tumid1648

bombastical1649

ranting1650

inflated1652

tuftaffetya1658

pompiona1670

bombastic1704

dropsical1721

thundering1725

turgid1725

exsuffolate1744

Lexiphanic1767

hi cockalorum1783

Ossianic1788

mouthing1814

mouthy1827

sophomoric1837

highfalutin1839

sophomorical1847

spread eagle1853

tumescent1882

Herodian1886

Ossianesque1889

Barnumesque1890

1605 1st Pt. Jeronimo sig. Aiii Let him..Stretch his mouth wider, with big swolne phrases.

1783 H. Blair Lect. Rhetoric I. 27 The swoln imagery.

a1834 S. T. Coleridge Notes & Lect. on Shakespeare (1849) 49 Swoln panegyrics.

c. swollen head n. excessive pride, or a person suffering from it; also, a hangover. colloquial. Cf. swelled adj. b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > self-esteem > conceit > [noun]

opinionc1425

wind1484

vokea1508

conceit1567

self-weening1570

cockishness1573

weening1575

self-conceit1576

self-opinion1593

conceitedness1595

self-conceitednessa1602

self-opinionatedness1668

self-opinionativeness1743

egotism1800

swell-head1845

big-head1850

big-headedness1850

self-opinionedness1879

swollen head1898

swelled-headedness1907

ikeyness1911

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > effects of excessive drinking

ale passion1593

pot verdugo1616

barley-mood1790

katzenjammer1849

Monday head1892

swollen head1898

hangover1904

the morning after (the night before)1909

morning-after1937

whitey1993

the mind > emotion > pride > self-esteem > conceit > [noun] > conceited person

coxcomb1567

snipper-snappera1593

conceited1596

feather-cock1612

turkey-cocka1616

cockcomb1684

egotist1715

fop1755

fat1832

swell-head1845

swelled head1862

big-head1863

swollen head1898

Jack Strop1910

trombenik1922

1898 N. Gould Landed at Last vi. 59 You have got a swollen head this morning... Had too much to drink last night.

1922 F. Hamilton P. J.: Secret Service Boy vi. 242 You don't strike me, somehow, as being liable to swollen head.

1928 Daily Express 23 July 9 British film-producers..are..annoyed with me for saying that their swollen-headed outlook was the root-trouble... I feel certain that the swollen heads will bring about many crashes in British film-production.

Compounds

C1.

swollen-cheeked adj.

ΚΠ

1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Carrillado Swolen cheeked.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. i. vii. 68 A man bodily and mentally swoln-cheeked.

swollen-eyed adj.

ΚΠ

1930 E. Pound Draft of XXX Cantos xv. 67 Ἠέλιον τ' Ἠέλιον blind with the sunlight, Swollen-eyed, rested.

1977 N. Sahgal Situation in New Delhi xvi. 153 The girl raised her head, swollen-eyed.

swollen-faced adj.

ΚΠ

a1618 J. Sylvester tr. Dicher Lat. Verses in Wks. (1880) II. 337/2 The boy'strous billows Of swolne fac't Auster.

† swollen-glowing adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1647 H. More Philos. Poems 323 Those Eastern spatterd lights..And that swoln-glowing ball.

swollen-headed adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > self-esteem > conceit > [adjective]

opinative1517

opinionativea1549

nose-wise?1566

self-conceited?1574

self-weening1574

opiniative?1575

opinionate1575

conceited1579

weening1579

self-opinionative1584

self-opinionate1602

well-opinioned1608

self-opinioned1609

opinioned1612

opinionated1630

cocklikea1635

self-opinionated1649

vogie1719

swell-headed1817

egotistical1825

airish1842

popular1848

big-headed1860

biggity1880

bigsie1881

ikey1881

Tappertitian1895

swollen-headed1928

ditzy1976

1928Swollen-headed [see swollen head n. at sense 2c].

1983 D. Francis Danger i. 13 Chasing personal glory. Stupid, swollen-headed, lethal human failing.

C2.

swollen shoot n. a virus disease of cocoa trees, spread by mealy bugs and distinguished by swelling of the young shoots, leading to the death of infected trees.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > viral diseases > associated with food or crop plants

yellow rust1808

leaf curl1850

peach yellows1880

tobacco mosaic virus1914

cucumber mosaic1916

reversion1918

plum pox1933

bushy stunt1936

swollen shoot1936

tobacco streak1936

sharka1961

1936 W. F. Steven in Gold Coast Farmer V. 144/1 A new disease of cocoa..has provisionally been named ‘Swollen Shoot and Die-back’.

1950 Times 2 Feb. 9/2 We shall test our proposed method for the prevention of swollen shoot disease of cocoa in the Gold Coast, using systemic insecticides.

1972 P. F. Entwistle Pests of Cocoa x. 170 At the time of discovery of swollen shoot disease planting in the Eastern Region was still expanding.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	swollen
释义	swollenadj. /ˈswəʊl(ə)n/ Forms: see swell v. Etymology: Strong past participle of swell v. 1. a. Increased in bulk, as by internal pressure; distended, filled out; esp. morbidly enlarged, affected with tumour; also, of a distended form, bulging, protuberant. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > swelling > [adjective] swollenc1325 bolnedc1380 botchya1398 tumid?1541 tumefied1597 tumefacted1598 proud1607 tumoured1635 hobbeda1722 swelled1733 all of a lump1738 jogged1746 nodular1872 youstered1894 micronodular1960 macronodular1967 the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > [adjective] > distending > swelling > swollen bollen?c1225 bolghena1250 swollenc1325 rank?a1400 forbolned1413 puff1472 voustyc1480 knule?a1513 puffed1536 boldenc1540 tumorous1547 bladder-like1549 hoven1558 forswollen1565 uppuffed1573 bolled1578 engrossed1578 heaved1578 puffy1598 swelleda1616 bloughty1620 inflate1620 tympanous1625 tumid1626 tumoured1635 tumefied1651 bloated1664 pluff1673 inflated1744 balloon-like?1784 bladdery1785 ballooned1820 bepuffeda1849 utriculate1860 pobby1888 the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > protuberance or rounded projection > [adjective] fullOE balghc1340 struttinga1398 bouchy1398 bunching1398 bunchy1398 lumpedc1425 bunched1426 bulged1436 knule?a1513 bolling1519 bossed?1541 bossy1543 swelling1544 poked1577 embossed1578 extuberant1578 protuberant1578 protuberated1578 protuberating1578 protubered1578 bunting1584 bellieda1593 gouty1595 bottled1597 buddy1611 hulch1611 hulched1611 jetty?1611 bottle-like1629 bungy1634 extuberating1634 bosomed1646 puffing1661 protuberous1666 tuberant1668 extuberic1680 swollen1688 bellying1700 swelled1704 humped1713 extuberated1727 bottle-shaped1731 ampullaceous1776 hummocky1791 bulging1812 bulgy1847 ampulliform1870 fullish1871 pouchy1884 bumfled1913 c1325 Song of Merci 162 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 123 We loue so slouþe, and harlotrie, We slepe a[s] swolle swyn in lake. 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Tumidus,..swollen. 1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes Alexis of Piemount f. 23^v To heale swollen knees or legges. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. i. sig. M8^v Her swollen eyes were much disfigured. 1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. i. 7 His pouting cheeks puff vp aboue his brow Like a swolne Toad touch't with the Spiders blow. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 4/2 Æolus..an ancient Man with swolne Blub Cheeks. a1721 M. Prior Poet. Wks. (1779) II. 104 Nor let those sighs from your swoln bosom rise. 1742 W. Collins Persian Eclogues ii. 13 The silent Asp shall creep..Or some swoln-Serpent twist his Scales around. 1816 Ld. Byron Prisoner of Chillon viii I've seen it on the breaking ocean Strive with a swoln convulsive motion. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xix. 181 The swoln veins stood out like sinews on Ralph's wrinkled forehead. 1839 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation (1863) 61 Upon this great tray are piled the swollen..cotton bags. 1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 519 Plants which, in their wild form, have thin roots, but in many cultivated varieties are provided with fleshy swollen roots. 1890 Retrospect Med. 102 326 The swollen, vascular state of the tongue. b. Of a body of water: cf. swell v. 1b, 2b, 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > change in level of water > [adjective] > increased or increasing rising1545 swellingc1550 swollen1652 1652 J. Mayne tr. J. Donne Epigr. in J. Donne Paradoxes sig. F1^v Here the swoln sea views the inferiour ground. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho IV. xii. 258 The swoln torrents, that descend from the heights. 1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters IV. 247 Cliffs..of which every thunder-shower dissolves tons in the swoln blackness of torrents. 1913 G. M. Trevelyan Life J. Bright Introd. 1 His oncoming was as the surge of the full swollen tide, not of the sea in storm. c. Increased in amount or degree. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > increased grown1340 added?a1425 multiplied1463 increased1552 amplified1573 vantaged1578 augmented1605 swelleda1616 swollena1631 auct1652 improved1661 aggrandized1689 manifolded1767 jacked-up1920 a1631 J. Donne Poems (1635) 92 At thy lives last moment, May thy swolne sinnes themselves to thee present. 1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. (1877) I. 61 The inroads of unjust and swollen powers. 1911 G. Elliot Smith Anc. Egyptians ii. 15 The writings that..fill the swollen shelves of our libraries. 2. figurative. a. Said of a feeling or mental state such as causes a sense of distension or expansion, or of a person affected with such a feeling, etc.; esp. inflated with pride, puffed up. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > [adjective] > rising (of emotion) swollenc1386 swellinga1616 bursting1667 the mind > emotion > pride > swelling or inflation with pride > [adjective] to-bollenc1175 bolledc1375 bolnedc1380 swollenc1386 blown1483 puffed?a1500 inflate?1504 bellieda1533 bladder-puffed1549 uppuffed1573 huffling1582 swellinga1586 upblown1590 tumorous1603 windy1603 windy-headed1603 huffed1605 flown1606 huff-pufft1608 puff-pasted1610 turgid1620 turgent1621 high-blown1623 tympanous1625 bladdered1633 tympaneda1634 tumoured1635 tympanied1637 enormous1641 over-leaven1648 flatulent1658 tympany-like1658 huffy1677 tumefied1677 blubbered1699 full-blown1699 bloated1731 tympanitical1772 inflated1785 pompholygous1855 overblown1864 forblown- c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 894 With humble herte and glad visage, Nat with no swollen thoght in hire corage. 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. 4889 Eneas Of Ire & rancour so [a]meved was Ageyn þe kyng, with a swollen herte. ?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda iii. ii. 15 And here my swolne harts greef doth stay my tongue. 1625 J. Robinson Observ. xxii. 130 Of them I have known some so swoln in the mouth, as they have thought, that if they gave their Servant a better name, then Sirra, or Boy, they lost of their authoritie. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 369 Swoln with Applause. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xii. 108 His swoln heart almost bursting. b. Of language: Turgid, inflated, bombastic. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [adjective] > inflated or bombastic fleshyc1369 windya1382 unmeasureda1425 puffing1566 embossed1578 puffed1587 bombasted1589 fustian1592 puffya1594 full-mouthed1594 orificial1594 gouty1595 swelling1597 mouth-filling1598 taffeta1598 bombast1601 tiptoe-strouting1602 turgidous1602 swollen1605 dropsieda1616 exsufflicatea1616 turgent1621 ampullous1622 tympanous1625 high-flown1632 tumorousa1637 blustered1638 tumid1648 bombastical1649 ranting1650 inflated1652 tuftaffetya1658 pompiona1670 bombastic1704 dropsical1721 thundering1725 turgid1725 exsuffolate1744 Lexiphanic1767 hi cockalorum1783 Ossianic1788 mouthing1814 mouthy1827 sophomoric1837 highfalutin1839 sophomorical1847 spread eagle1853 tumescent1882 Herodian1886 Ossianesque1889 Barnumesque1890 1605 1st Pt. Jeronimo sig. Aiii Let him..Stretch his mouth wider, with big swolne phrases. 1783 H. Blair Lect. Rhetoric I. 27 The swoln imagery. a1834 S. T. Coleridge Notes & Lect. on Shakespeare (1849) 49 Swoln panegyrics. c. swollen head n. excessive pride, or a person suffering from it; also, a hangover. colloquial. Cf. swelled adj. b. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > self-esteem > conceit > [noun] opinionc1425 wind1484 vokea1508 conceit1567 self-weening1570 cockishness1573 weening1575 self-conceit1576 self-opinion1593 conceitedness1595 self-conceitednessa1602 self-opinionatedness1668 self-opinionativeness1743 egotism1800 swell-head1845 big-head1850 big-headedness1850 self-opinionedness1879 swollen head1898 swelled-headedness1907 ikeyness1911 the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > effects of excessive drinking ale passion1593 pot verdugo1616 barley-mood1790 katzenjammer1849 Monday head1892 swollen head1898 hangover1904 the morning after (the night before)1909 morning-after1937 whitey1993 the mind > emotion > pride > self-esteem > conceit > [noun] > conceited person coxcomb1567 snipper-snappera1593 conceited1596 feather-cock1612 turkey-cocka1616 cockcomb1684 egotist1715 fop1755 fat1832 swell-head1845 swelled head1862 big-head1863 swollen head1898 Jack Strop1910 trombenik1922 1898 N. Gould Landed at Last vi. 59 You have got a swollen head this morning... Had too much to drink last night. 1922 F. Hamilton P. J.: Secret Service Boy vi. 242 You don't strike me, somehow, as being liable to swollen head. 1928 Daily Express 23 July 9 British film-producers..are..annoyed with me for saying that their swollen-headed outlook was the root-trouble... I feel certain that the swollen heads will bring about many crashes in British film-production. Compounds C1. swollen-cheeked adj. ΚΠ 1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Carrillado Swolen cheeked. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. i. vii. 68 A man bodily and mentally swoln-cheeked. swollen-eyed adj. ΚΠ 1930 E. Pound Draft of XXX Cantos xv. 67 Ἠέλιον τ' Ἠέλιον blind with the sunlight, Swollen-eyed, rested. 1977 N. Sahgal Situation in New Delhi xvi. 153 The girl raised her head, swollen-eyed. swollen-faced adj. ΚΠ a1618 J. Sylvester tr. Dicher Lat. Verses in Wks. (1880) II. 337/2 The boy'strous billows Of swolne fac't Auster. † swollen-glowing adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1647 H. More Philos. Poems 323 Those Eastern spatterd lights..And that swoln-glowing ball. swollen-headed adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > self-esteem > conceit > [adjective] opinative1517 opinionativea1549 nose-wise?1566 self-conceited?1574 self-weening1574 opiniative?1575 opinionate1575 conceited1579 weening1579 self-opinionative1584 self-opinionate1602 well-opinioned1608 self-opinioned1609 opinioned1612 opinionated1630 cocklikea1635 self-opinionated1649 vogie1719 swell-headed1817 egotistical1825 airish1842 popular1848 big-headed1860 biggity1880 bigsie1881 ikey1881 Tappertitian1895 swollen-headed1928 ditzy1976 1928Swollen-headed [see swollen head n. at sense 2c]. 1983 D. Francis Danger i. 13 Chasing personal glory. Stupid, swollen-headed, lethal human failing. C2. swollen shoot n. a virus disease of cocoa trees, spread by mealy bugs and distinguished by swelling of the young shoots, leading to the death of infected trees. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > viral diseases > associated with food or crop plants yellow rust1808 leaf curl1850 peach yellows1880 tobacco mosaic virus1914 cucumber mosaic1916 reversion1918 plum pox1933 bushy stunt1936 swollen shoot1936 tobacco streak1936 sharka1961 1936 W. F. Steven in Gold Coast Farmer V. 144/1 A new disease of cocoa..has provisionally been named ‘Swollen Shoot and Die-back’. 1950 Times 2 Feb. 9/2 We shall test our proposed method for the prevention of swollen shoot disease of cocoa in the Gold Coast, using systemic insecticides. 1972 P. F. Entwistle Pests of Cocoa x. 170 At the time of discovery of swollen shoot disease planting in the Eastern Region was still expanding. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.c1325
随便看	point-plate point-rationed point-scoring point-shot point-side point-sphere point-spread function point-switches point-tag point-tagger point-teeth point-tipped point-to-point point-to-pointer point-to-pointing point-trill point-trusser point-vice pointable pointaction pointage pointaglet pointandclick pointandshoot pointblank