stricturen.¹

/ˈstrɪktjʊə/

Forms: Also Middle English strictture.

Etymology: < Latin strictūra, < strict- , stringĕre , really two etymologically distinct verbs of coincident form in Latin: the one (whence I. below) with the sense to bind tightly, draw tight, strain; the other (whence branch III) with the senses to touch lightly, to gather (flowers), to draw (a sword). Compare French stricture (16th cent. in Littré) = sense 1 below.

I. A binding, tightening.

a. Pathology. A morbid narrowing of a canal, duct, or passage, esp. of the urethra, œsophagus, or intestine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > [noun] > constriction

constipationc1400

stricturec1400

prefocation?a1425

strangling1563

strangulation1749

constriction1783

incarceration1819

stenosis1872

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 199 If þere be ony þing to take awei þerof as akynge ouþer ony strictture, ouþer ony byndyng, þan remeue awey þat first [etc.].

1793 M. Baillie Morbid Anat. xvii. 227 The most ordinary diseased appearance of the urethra is stricture.

1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 209 A similar plan of conduct is very suitable to strictures of the œsophagus.

1846 J. Miller Pract. Surg. 269 Stricture of the Windpipe.

1846 J. Miller Pract. Surg. 407 Stricture of the Rectum.

1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 575/2 Stricture of the Pylorus.

b. Phonetics. Partial or complete closure of the air-passage in the articulation of speech sounds.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > obstruent > partial or complete closure

closure1867

occlusion1906

stricture1943

1943 K. L. Pike Phonetics vii. 120 At the time in the production of some sound when any moveable part of the vocal apparatus causes any stricture (the partial or complete closure of an air passage) it becomes an articulator.

1962 B. M. H. Strang Mod. Eng. Struct. 31 Articulated sounds may further be differentiated by the variable shape of the articulators and strictures involved in their production.

1964 J. C. Catford in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 26 The articulatory stricture generates turbulent airflow.

1964 J. C. Catford in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 32 These five major phonatory stricture types.

2. gen. in various occasional uses: The action of binding or encompassing tightly; tight closure; restriction. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restriction or limitation > [noun]

limiting1391

moderation1429

bridlingc1443

limitation1483

confine1548

restriction1554

limit1572

prescription1604

bounding1607

circumscriptiona1616

stricture1649

stinting1656

circumscribing1660

contractiona1670

confinement1678

contracting1692

handcuff1814

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > quality of being restricted or limited > [noun] > restriction or limitation

definitionc1386

limiting1391

moderation1429

limitation1483

restriction1554

restraint1566

limit1572

stint1593

prescription1604

stintance1605

bounding1607

confining1608

confine1609

circumscriptiona1616

definement1643

stricture1649

stinting1656

circumscribing1660

contractiona1670

confinement1678

contracting1692

narrowing1871

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > [noun] > binding > binding tightly

bracingc1540

stricture1649

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. ix. 116 Christ came to knit the bonds of government faster by the stricture of more religious tyes.

1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey V. xxii. 186 Within the stricture of this palace wall To keep inclos'd his masters till they fall.

1731 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments vi For the lateral Vessels which lie out of the Road of Circulation, let gross Humours pass, which could not if the Vessels had their due Degree of stricture.

1812 J. J. Henry Accurate Acct. Campaign against Quebec 103 Bred at home under the strictures of religion and morality.

1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. vi. 172 I defy chemistry..and every other occult art, were it as secret as hell itself, to unloose the stricture of my purse-strings.

1822 W. Wordsworth Seclusion in Eccl. Sonn. i. 12 Like ivy, round some ancient elm, they twine In grisly folds and strictures serpentine.

1849 D. G. Mitchell Battle Summer (1852) 103 Old strictures are removed, and what managers will, is put upon the scene.

1889 R. L. Stevenson Master of Ballantrae v. 137 A windless stricture of frost had bound the air. [Cf. quot. 1686 at sense 4.]

†II. A spark of flash of light.

3. A spark, flash of light. literal and figurative. Obsolete. [The Latin stricturae in Virgil Æneid viii. 421 was formerly interpreted ‘a spark from the anvil’; hence this use, which when figurative blended with sense 4.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > light emitted in particular manner > [noun] > spark or glittering light

sprankle1398

sparkle1490

spunkc1540

sparka1542

scintil1599

glitter1602

star1609

stricture1628

spinther1641

scintillation1646

fanglea1657

scintilla1661

sparkleta1687

twinkle1689

spangle1821

spink1829

crown jewel1851

twink1870

peep1882

1628 J. Doughty Disc. Divine Myst. 4 Flashes and strictures of lightning doe indeed enlighten the eye, but..they doe also hurt it.

1651 T. Manton Pract. Comm. James iii. 9. 379 Yea in the Body there were some rays and strictures of the divine Glory and Majesty.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Stricture, a spark that flies from a piece of iron red hot, when it is beaten.

1666 W. Spurstowe Spiritual Chymist (1668) 17 Those two tapers which enlighten the same room, do not shine with a Divided..light,..and yet the Eye..cannot difference the raies and strictures that flow from them.

1674 A. Cremer tr. J. Scheffer Hist. Lapland Pref. Amidst the barbarity and darkness which reign in Lapland, there appear strictures of light which will entertain the eie of the most knowing observer.

III. A touching slightly or in passing.

†4. A touch, slight trace. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > a small quantity or amount > a slight touch or trace

specec1330

taste1390

lisounc1400

savourc1400

smatcha1500

smell?a1505

spice1531

smack1539

shadow1586

surmise1586

relish1590

tang1593

touch1597

stain1609

tincture1612

dasha1616

soula1616

twanga1640

whiff1644

haut-goût1650

casta1661

stricturea1672

tinge1736

tinct1752

vestige1756

smattering1764

soupçon1766

smutch1776

shade1791

suspicion1809

lineament1811

trait1815

tint1817

trace1827

skiff1839

spicing1844

smudgea1871

ghost1887

a1672 Bp. J. Wilkins Of Princ. Nat. Relig. (1675) ii. i. 289 In the actions of many brute creatures, there are discernable some footsteps, some imperfect strictures and degrees of Ratiocination.

1674 W. Bates Harmony Divine Attributes iv. 55 There are some weak strictures of Truth in lapsed Man, but they dye in the Brain, and are..ineffectual as to the Will.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 63 Whatever may be said of other matters, certainly the first draughts and strictures of Natural Religion and Morality are naturally in the Mind.

1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica ii. iv. 198 We need not wonder at some stricture of Frost occurring.

1695 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. III. xiv. 573 They surpass all Humane Wisdom, yet..they have strictures of all Arts and Sciences.

5. An incidental remark or comment; now always, an adverse criticism.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > [noun] > commenting or mentioning > incidental

stricture1655

obiter dictum1782

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > instance of

animadversion1583

stricture1655

animadverting1665

animadvertence1681

autopsy1835

1655 H. Hammond Acct. Mr. Cawdry's Triplex Diatribe vii. 289 What now followes §35, is so far from having weight in it, that I must not allot any solemn answers to it, the lightest strictures will be more proportionable.

1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity ii. xi. 401 These are the chiefest strictures that do occurre to my minde in the Prophetick Visions that are applicable to this second member of Antichristianism.

1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature ix. 218 At the foot of the page I have in some places subjoind a few little strictures principally of antiquity, after the manner of annotations.

1779 S. Johnson King in Pref. Wks. Eng. Lit. IV. 8 He bestowed some strictures upon Dr. Kennet's adulatory sermon at the funeral of the duke of Devonshire.

1781 S. Johnson Let. 20 Oct. (1992) III. 363 We may now and then add a few strictures of reproof.

1790 Coll. Voy. round World V. ix. 1658 Here ends Mr. Anderson's strictures on Otaheite, and its neighbouring islands.

1804 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 9) Advt. 8 (note) The author conceives that the occasional strictures, dispersed through the book, and intended to illustrate and support a number of important grammatical points, will not..appear to be dry and useless discussions.

1831 D. E. Williams Life Sir T. Lawrence II. 383 His profession had a right to expect from him a series of strictures upon the works of the great masters.

1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) III. xviii. 101 Beaufort..was unsparing in his strictures.

1910 Q. Rev. Apr. 321 Her strictures on some sightseers in Berlin reveal some knowledge of art.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	stricture
释义	stricturen.¹ /ˈstrɪktjʊə/ Forms: Also Middle English strictture. Etymology: < Latin strictūra, < strict- , stringĕre , really two etymologically distinct verbs of coincident form in Latin: the one (whence I. below) with the sense to bind tightly, draw tight, strain; the other (whence branch III) with the senses to touch lightly, to gather (flowers), to draw (a sword). Compare French stricture (16th cent. in Littré) = sense 1 below. I. A binding, tightening. 1. a. Pathology. A morbid narrowing of a canal, duct, or passage, esp. of the urethra, œsophagus, or intestine. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > [noun] > constriction constipationc1400 stricturec1400 prefocation?a1425 strangling1563 strangulation1749 constriction1783 incarceration1819 stenosis1872 c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 199 If þere be ony þing to take awei þerof as akynge ouþer ony strictture, ouþer ony byndyng, þan remeue awey þat first [etc.]. 1793 M. Baillie Morbid Anat. xvii. 227 The most ordinary diseased appearance of the urethra is stricture. 1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 209 A similar plan of conduct is very suitable to strictures of the œsophagus. 1846 J. Miller Pract. Surg. 269 Stricture of the Windpipe. 1846 J. Miller Pract. Surg. 407 Stricture of the Rectum. 1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 575/2 Stricture of the Pylorus. b. Phonetics. Partial or complete closure of the air-passage in the articulation of speech sounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > obstruent > partial or complete closure closure1867 occlusion1906 stricture1943 1943 K. L. Pike Phonetics vii. 120 At the time in the production of some sound when any moveable part of the vocal apparatus causes any stricture (the partial or complete closure of an air passage) it becomes an articulator. 1962 B. M. H. Strang Mod. Eng. Struct. 31 Articulated sounds may further be differentiated by the variable shape of the articulators and strictures involved in their production. 1964 J. C. Catford in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 26 The articulatory stricture generates turbulent airflow. 1964 J. C. Catford in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 32 These five major phonatory stricture types. 2. gen. in various occasional uses: The action of binding or encompassing tightly; tight closure; restriction. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restriction or limitation > [noun] limiting1391 moderation1429 bridlingc1443 limitation1483 confine1548 restriction1554 limit1572 prescription1604 bounding1607 circumscriptiona1616 stricture1649 stinting1656 circumscribing1660 contractiona1670 confinement1678 contracting1692 handcuff1814 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > quality of being restricted or limited > [noun] > restriction or limitation definitionc1386 limiting1391 moderation1429 limitation1483 restriction1554 restraint1566 limit1572 stint1593 prescription1604 stintance1605 bounding1607 confining1608 confine1609 circumscriptiona1616 definement1643 stricture1649 stinting1656 circumscribing1660 contractiona1670 confinement1678 contracting1692 narrowing1871 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > [noun] > binding > binding tightly bracingc1540 stricture1649 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. ix. 116 Christ came to knit the bonds of government faster by the stricture of more religious tyes. 1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey V. xxii. 186 Within the stricture of this palace wall To keep inclos'd his masters till they fall. 1731 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments vi For the lateral Vessels which lie out of the Road of Circulation, let gross Humours pass, which could not if the Vessels had their due Degree of stricture. 1812 J. J. Henry Accurate Acct. Campaign against Quebec 103 Bred at home under the strictures of religion and morality. 1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. vi. 172 I defy chemistry..and every other occult art, were it as secret as hell itself, to unloose the stricture of my purse-strings. 1822 W. Wordsworth Seclusion in Eccl. Sonn. i. 12 Like ivy, round some ancient elm, they twine In grisly folds and strictures serpentine. 1849 D. G. Mitchell Battle Summer (1852) 103 Old strictures are removed, and what managers will, is put upon the scene. 1889 R. L. Stevenson Master of Ballantrae v. 137 A windless stricture of frost had bound the air. [Cf. quot. 1686 at sense 4.] †II. A spark of flash of light. 3. A spark, flash of light. literal and figurative. Obsolete. [The Latin stricturae in Virgil Æneid viii. 421 was formerly interpreted ‘a spark from the anvil’; hence this use, which when figurative blended with sense 4.] ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > light emitted in particular manner > [noun] > spark or glittering light sprankle1398 sparkle1490 spunkc1540 sparka1542 scintil1599 glitter1602 star1609 stricture1628 spinther1641 scintillation1646 fanglea1657 scintilla1661 sparkleta1687 twinkle1689 spangle1821 spink1829 crown jewel1851 twink1870 peep1882 1628 J. Doughty Disc. Divine Myst. 4 Flashes and strictures of lightning doe indeed enlighten the eye, but..they doe also hurt it. 1651 T. Manton Pract. Comm. James iii. 9. 379 Yea in the Body there were some rays and strictures of the divine Glory and Majesty. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Stricture, a spark that flies from a piece of iron red hot, when it is beaten. 1666 W. Spurstowe Spiritual Chymist (1668) 17 Those two tapers which enlighten the same room, do not shine with a Divided..light,..and yet the Eye..cannot difference the raies and strictures that flow from them. 1674 A. Cremer tr. J. Scheffer Hist. Lapland Pref. Amidst the barbarity and darkness which reign in Lapland, there appear strictures of light which will entertain the eie of the most knowing observer. III. A touching slightly or in passing. †4. A touch, slight trace. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > a small quantity or amount > a slight touch or trace specec1330 taste1390 lisounc1400 savourc1400 smatcha1500 smell?a1505 spice1531 smack1539 shadow1586 surmise1586 relish1590 tang1593 touch1597 stain1609 tincture1612 dasha1616 soula1616 twanga1640 whiff1644 haut-goût1650 casta1661 stricturea1672 tinge1736 tinct1752 vestige1756 smattering1764 soupçon1766 smutch1776 shade1791 suspicion1809 lineament1811 trait1815 tint1817 trace1827 skiff1839 spicing1844 smudgea1871 ghost1887 a1672 Bp. J. Wilkins Of Princ. Nat. Relig. (1675) ii. i. 289 In the actions of many brute creatures, there are discernable some footsteps, some imperfect strictures and degrees of Ratiocination. 1674 W. Bates Harmony Divine Attributes iv. 55 There are some weak strictures of Truth in lapsed Man, but they dye in the Brain, and are..ineffectual as to the Will. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 63 Whatever may be said of other matters, certainly the first draughts and strictures of Natural Religion and Morality are naturally in the Mind. 1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica ii. iv. 198 We need not wonder at some stricture of Frost occurring. 1695 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. III. xiv. 573 They surpass all Humane Wisdom, yet..they have strictures of all Arts and Sciences. 5. An incidental remark or comment; now always, an adverse criticism. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > [noun] > commenting or mentioning > incidental stricture1655 obiter dictum1782 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > instance of animadversion1583 stricture1655 animadverting1665 animadvertence1681 autopsy1835 1655 H. Hammond Acct. Mr. Cawdry's Triplex Diatribe vii. 289 What now followes §35, is so far from having weight in it, that I must not allot any solemn answers to it, the lightest strictures will be more proportionable. 1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity ii. xi. 401 These are the chiefest strictures that do occurre to my minde in the Prophetick Visions that are applicable to this second member of Antichristianism. 1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature ix. 218 At the foot of the page I have in some places subjoind a few little strictures principally of antiquity, after the manner of annotations. 1779 S. Johnson King in Pref. Wks. Eng. Lit. IV. 8 He bestowed some strictures upon Dr. Kennet's adulatory sermon at the funeral of the duke of Devonshire. 1781 S. Johnson Let. 20 Oct. (1992) III. 363 We may now and then add a few strictures of reproof. 1790 Coll. Voy. round World V. ix. 1658 Here ends Mr. Anderson's strictures on Otaheite, and its neighbouring islands. 1804 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 9) Advt. 8 (note) The author conceives that the occasional strictures, dispersed through the book, and intended to illustrate and support a number of important grammatical points, will not..appear to be dry and useless discussions. 1831 D. E. Williams Life Sir T. Lawrence II. 383 His profession had a right to expect from him a series of strictures upon the works of the great masters. 1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) III. xviii. 101 Beaufort..was unsparing in his strictures. 1910 Q. Rev. Apr. 321 Her strictures on some sightseers in Berlin reveal some knowledge of art. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † stricturen.² Etymology: < strict adj. + -ure suffix¹. Obsolete. rare. Strictness. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > [noun] > conformity to high standards strictness1578 stricturea1616 Puritan consciencea1649 New Englandism1844 a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. iii. 12 A man of stricture and firme abstinence. View more context for this quotation This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online June 2021). stricturev. /ˈstrɪktjʊə/ Etymology: < stricture n.¹ rare. transitive. To criticize, censure. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > criticize [verb (transitive)] reprehendc1400 murmur1424 discommenda1500 belack1531 to find fault (with, at)c1540 scan?c1550 fault1563 pinch1567 to lift or move a lip1579 raign1581 reflect1605 criminate1645 criticize1652 nick1668 critic1697 chop1712 stricture1851 to get on to ——1895 chip1898 rap1899 nitpick1956 1851 A. Helps Compan. Solitude v. 67 I had been..stricturing, perhaps too severely, some recent acts of government. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < n.¹c1400n.²a1616v.1851
随便看	exquisition exquisitism exquisititious exquisitive exquisitively exquisitiveness exsangueous exsanguinality exsanguinate exsanguinated exsanguinates exsanguinating exsanguine exsanguineous exsanguinity exsanguinous exsanguinousness exsanguious exsanguous exsatiate exsaturate exsaturation exscind exscinded exscinding

stricturen.1

† stricturen.2

stricturev.

stricturen.¹

† stricturen.²