sustentationn.

Brit.

/ˌsʌstɛnˈteɪʃn/,

/ˌsʌst(ə)nˈteɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌsəst(ə)nˈteɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English sustentacioun, Middle English sustentacon, Middle English sustentacone, Middle English–1500s sustentacione, Middle English–1500s sustentacyon, Middle English–1600s sustentacion, Middle English– sustentation, late Middle English substentacion, 1500s sustencyon (transmission error), 1500s sustentatyon; Scottish pre-1700 sustentacion, pre-1700 sustentacione, pre-1700 sustentacioun, pre-1700 sustentacioune, pre-1700 sustentatione, pre-1700 sustentatioun, pre-1700 sustentatioune, pre-1700 sustentatyown, pre-1700 1700s– sustentation, 1800s– sistentation.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French sustentation; Latin sustentātiōn-, sustentātiō.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French sustentacion, sustentation, Middle French substentacion, substentation (French sustentation ) act of feeding, of maintaining (a living being), of keeping alive (1236 in Old French as sustentasion ), nourishment (1st half of the 14th cent.), maintenance of an object in a particular state, upkeep (c1370), support for a person or cause (1417–20), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin sustentātiōn-, sustentātiō provision (of a person) with aid, means of subsistence, deferment, delay, in post-classical Latin also endurance, forbearance (Vetus Latina), support, restraint (4th cent.) < sustentāt- , past participial stem of sustentāre sustentate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan sustentacio , Catalan sustentació (14th cent.), Spanish sustentacion (late 14th cent.), Portuguese sustentação (13th cent.), Italian sostentazione (1353). Compare sustenance n.In sense 1 translating post-classical Latin sustentatio (Vulgate; corresponding to Hellenistic Greek ἀνοχή).

I. Senses relating to patience or the enduring of difficulties.

†1. Patience, forbearance. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [noun] > forbearance or tolerance

mercya1225

tholea1325

patiencyc1350

patiencea1382

abidingc1384

sustentationc1384

tack1412

tolerancya1556

digesture1567

toleration1582

acceptance1586

forbearance1599

brooking1624

digestion1653

tolerance1765

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. iii. 26 In the sustentacioun, or beringe vp [L. sustentatione], of God.

a. The action of bearing or enduring an affliction, tribulation, etc. Also: †something which is to be endured; a tribulation (obsolete). Cf. sustenance n. 8. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [noun]

thildc950

tholemodec1000

tholemodenessc1000

tholeburdnessa1050

patience?c1225

sustenancea1425

sustentationa1425

supportationa1438

bearing1496

patientnessa1500

supporture1609

bearance1611

uncomplainingness1877

a1425 tr. Bk. Tribulation (Arun.) (1983) 140 Susteyne þe sustentacions [a1450 Bodl. sustenaunces] of God.

1607 J. Carpenter Plaine Mans Spirituall Plough 134 Patience,..a voluntarie and daily sustentation and tolleration.

1653 R. Baxter Right Method Settled Peace 244 Their [sc. martyrs'] sufferings and strange sustentations.

1829 Louisville Public Advertiser 22 Oct. There is a dignity in great sorrows which materially assists in their proper sustentation.

1898 F. R. Fowke Bayeux Tapestry 62 The tranquillity with which sheep browse upon the fortifications is incompatible with the sustentation of a siege.

2009 P. D. Flores in Stitching Paint into Collage 12 A contention that seeks adjudication not in the evasion of suffering, but in its sustentation in religion.

†b. The bearing of a charge or cost. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > bearing of expenses or charges

supportation1437

support1449

sustentation1449

defrayment1547

defraying1587

defray?1615

defrayal1820

1449–50 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1449 §53. m. 10 They were enfeffed by the most noble prynce..in pure and perpetuell almois, in sustentation of the grete importable charges of the seid church.

1553 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. ii. 4 For sustentation of your charges in this behalf.

II. Senses relating to the maintenance of condition or state.

a. The action of maintaining or keeping in existence or good order an institution, establishment, building, etc.; maintenance, upkeep; (also) an instance or example of this. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > [noun] > of a building, institution, etc.

sustentation1389

1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 67 He schal payen, to the sustentacion of this gylde, v.s.

1430 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1430/21 The landis..endlang the cost syde and inwart in the lande vj myle sal contribute to the reparatioun and sustentatioun of the said galais.

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 190 (MED) Which rent he assigned vnto the sustentacion of the kechyn of the forsaid mynchons.

1486 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 16 Than I bequethe all..to the vse and sustentacion of london Brigge.

1557 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 386 The maynteyninge and sustentacion of the same housse and Colladge.

1627 R. Cotton Short View Life & Raigne Henry III 47 Councellors..are but as accessaries, not principals, in sustentation of the State.

1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi vii. §2. 319 The starres..stand in need of daily sustentation, like a lamp.

1788 Gentleman's Mag. June 503/2 Parishioners made a yearly payment to the Cathedral for the sustentation and maintenance thereof.

1837 J. D. Lang Hist. Acct. New S. Wales II. 165 The sustentation and maintenance of agriculture and commerce.

1860 W. F. Hook Lives Archbps. II. ii. 139 The Peter-pence had..been..a charge laid upon the private estates of the king..for the sustentation of the English College at Rome.

1869 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. 49 The taxes, which he imposed on the provinces for the sustentation of his enormous court.

1910 J. H. McCarthy O'Flynn vi. 47 His native penuriousness denied to an already dilapidated mansion those cares and sustentations which would have kept its youth green.

b. The action of maintaining or preserving a condition or state of affairs, esp. the maintenance or preservation of human life. Also occasionally: spec. the maintaining of something at a certain rate or level. Usually with of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > [noun]

maintenancec1390

sustentation1425

keepingc1430

conservationc1447

sustenation1496

maintainment?c1500

intertenure1537

containing1567

sustainment1568

maintain1599

manutention1603

manutenency?1630

continuance1691

conservancy1884

1425 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1425 §13. m. 4 For þe better sustentation of þe said stile, title, name and worship.

a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 142 Howe the kyng mey best haue sufficient..livelod ffor the sustentacion off his estate.

1533 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) I. 356 A certeyn Annuytie of xxvi s. viii d. toward the Sustentacion of his lyvyng for terme of his Naturall life.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 38 Al thyngys necessary & plesaunt for the sustentatyon & quyetnes of mannys lyfe.

1568 in J. Hosack Mary Queen of Scots (1869) I. 529 Na prouision wes deuisit for the support and sustentatioun of the king hir husbandis honorable estait.

1571–2 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 121 To provoke thame..to the sustentatioun..of thair mischevious querrell.

1607 J. Carpenter Plaine Mans Spirituall Plough 68 To till..their fieldes for the better sustentation of mans life.

1684 tr. A. O. Exquemelin Bucaniers Amer. iii. 11 Neither do they give themselves the trouble to plant more fruits, that what are necessary for the sustentation of humane life.

1718 W. Pearson Serm. Several Occasions 284 The Digestion and Separation of the several Juices in the Body for the Sustentation of Life.

1785 W. Paley Moral & Polit. Philos. (1818) I. 99 Applied to the sustentation of human life.

1850 W. R. Williams Relig. Progress (1854) iv. 89 A nation..eager..for the sustentation and diffusion of freedom.

1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 279 The improvement, or even the sustentation of the value of his lands became a matter of minor importance.

1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) III. xviii. 244 Royal progresses for the sustentation of peace and justice.

1902 M. A. Lane Level Social Motion vi. 221 Quantities ample for the sustentation of social life.

2006 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 10 July (The Guide) 20 Notions involving belief structures and their sustentation aren't contrived with sufficient fluency in [the] screenplay.

†c. A person, circumstance, etc., that helps maintain or promote a condition or state of affairs. Cf. sustainer n. 1a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [noun] > that which or one who supports

crutchc900

upholda1066

uptakinga1300

arma1382

postc1387

staff1390

sustainerc1390

undersetterc1400

potent?a1439

buttressa1450

supportalc1450

comfort1455

supporta1456

studa1500

poge1525

underpropper1532

shore1534

staya1542

prop1562

stoopa1572

underprop1579

sustentation1585

rest1590

underpinning1590

supportance1597

sustinent1603

lean1610

reliance1613

hingea1616

columna1620

spar1630

gable end1788

lifeboat1832

standback1915

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. xiii. 95 b They haue some small peeces of money giuen vnto them which is their onely aduantage and sustentation [Fr. soustien] of their pouerty.

1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. D7 God..Who is our lifes strong sustentation.

1742 R. North & M. North Life F. North 15 His Family was not in a Posture to sustain any of the Brothers, by Estates to be carved out of the main Sustentation of the Honour.

1889 J. S. Kedney Christian Doctr. Harmonized 28 A moral law..is an element of the normal constitution of the entire universe, of which God is the sustentation.

a. Provision of a person with a livelihood or the means of living; maintenance or support with the means of subsistence. Frequently with reference to provision for the clergy (cf. sustentation fund n. at Compounds).Very common in the 16th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > provision of means of support or livelihood

substancec1384

maintenance1389

sustenance1389

sustentation1389

sustaining1395

findingc1400

uphold1439

retainment1449

exhibition?a1475

entertainment?c1475

upholdingc1480

entertaininga1492

sustenation1496

support1561

alimentation1590

alimony1622

enablement1626

subsisting1698

keep1801

life support1852

palimony1977

1389 in W. Fraser Memorials Family Wemyss (1888) II. 24 Scyr Jon sal gyf to..Doncane til hys sustentacione and hys vphauld for terme of lyve al hys land of Kylmanyne.

1428 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 79 I be-quethe to the sustentacion of that..preest..xx.li.

1463–5 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1463 §60. m. 44 Free passage uppon your water of Severne..aswell for the sustentation of youre people of the seid townes, as of all youre people of youre shires in the mean waye.

?1529 Proper Dyaloge Gentillman & Husbandman sig. A v^v Artificeres and men of occupacion Quietly wanne their sustentacion.

1558 Bp. T. Watson Holsome Doctr. Seuen Sacramentes xxvi. f. clxiiii^v The payment of tythes..for so much as perteineth to..the sustentacion of Gods ministers.

1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments iv. f. 72^v/1 The patronages and almoise bestowed by them..for the sustentation of the poore of the realme.

1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 26 So much [land] allotted to euery man as might be thought sufficient for the sustentation of his family.

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 2 They ordeined to the Justitiar for his sustentation, ilk day of his justice air, fiue pounds.

a1678 H. Scougal Duty Praise & Thanksgiving (1729) 17 He that brought it into the world hath already provided for its sustentation in it.

1793 T. Blore Hist. Manor South Winfield 21 It is found that..there was there a certain capital messuage insufficient for the sustentation of the family.

1852 W. E. Gladstone in Edinb. Rev. Apr. 381 As there is no poor-law, under which nations can be rated in proportion to their means, for the sustentation of the impotent.

1868 Stephen's New Comm. Laws Eng. (ed. 6) III. iv. ii. i. 41 The law has made several provisions for the proper sustentation and payment of licensed curates, the law has made a variety of provisions.

1920 J. H. B. Masterman Clerical Income 8 Generally to promote the further sustentation of the clergy.

1999 Oxoniensia 63 67 Land..which William de Braose her father gave her as a marriage portion for her sustentation in her reclusagium , the land to revert after her decease.

†b. An amount provided or allowed as a means of subsistence or for necessary maintenance; esp. a living, a livelihood. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > provision of means of support or livelihood > instance or amount of

sustentation1461

maintenance1540

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > allowance > for specific purpose > for food or maintenance

meatcorn1264

corrody1430

sustentation1461

dieta1483

diet-money1519

board wages1539

viaticum1594

subsistence money1693

table allowance1762

board-money1809

subsistence allowance1824

beer money1827

in-maintenance1836

subsistence allowance1848

conred1876

sustenance money1905

rider1975

1461–2 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1461 §15. m. 8 Eny graunte of a corrodye or sustentacion made..by thabbot and convent.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 174 The reuenues..shall be well kept by the handes of the treasurer of Scotlande..sauyng a reasonable sustentation of the lande, Castelles, and ministers of the kingdome.

a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1655) iv. 191 It should be considered, what might be a reasonable sustentation to the Ministers.

1671 J. Webster Metallographia i. 23 To seek for a sustentation by such slavish and drudgery Work.

1769 A. Smith Let. 23 May in E. C. Mossner & I. S. Ross Corr. A. Smith (1977) cxx. 154 If the twa Shillings are to be understood to be the value of the reasonable sustentation, it is for six persons and is 4.d apiece.

†c. A person who provides a means of subsistence for others; a provider. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > provision of means of support or livelihood > one who

maintainera1450

provisora1475

provider1616

sustentationa1631

head-worker1640

support1677

breadwinner1783

family head2002

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > allowance > for specific purpose > for food or maintenance > one who provides

sustentationa1631

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1959) IV. 331 Lazarus, the staffe and sustentation of that family was dead.

5. Sustenance, food, nourishment. Also in figurative context with reference to spiritual food (cf. sense 6). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > [noun] > sustenance or nourishment

foodOE

fosterc1000

fodnethOE

flittinga1225

livenotha1225

nourishingc1300

sustenancec1300

livelihoodc1325

nurture1340

fosteringc1386

livingc1405

nouriturea1425

nutriment?a1425

nutrition?a1425

lifehood1440

reliefa1450

nourishmentc1450

nurshingc1450

sustentationc1450

nutrimentc1485

alimenta1500

sustainmenta1500

bielda1522

creature1540

suck1584

mantiniment1588

fosterment1593

the three M's1938

society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > [noun] > attendance or partaking of

commoningc1384

communingc1425

communion1440

perceptionc1450

sumptionc1450

sustentationc1450

manducationa1513

receipt?a1513

communicating1550

communication1550

mastication1601

theanthropophagy1654

theophagy1875

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 300 Þus for grete labur & no sustentacion þis ass dyed.

c1474 in J. B. Sheppard Christ Church Lett. (1877) 27 (MED) Your hogges..have wroted the wode over and over, the which shuld be the chefe sustentacion for your young dier in wynter.

1537 Inst. Christen Man I v The sacrament of the Altare..is the very spirituall fode, and the very necessarye sustentation..of all christen men.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 30 Beystis..quhilk past besyde burnis & boggis on grene bankis to seik ther sustentatione.

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Tabil sig. *.viii^v We may lesumlie desyre of god our necessarie sustentatioun.

?1608 S. Lennard tr. P. Charron Of Wisdome i. Pref. 2 To meditate..therein..is the food, sustentation, life of the spirit.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xxi. 163 It is..a very abstemious animall, and such as..will long subsist without a visible sustentation .

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. x. §3. 259 By Sustentation Ordinary..is intended such kind of Food as is usual for ordinary persons, and ordinary times.

1774 T. West Antiq. Furness (1805) 195 Sustentation and commodities for themselves and their children.

1866 Reader 26 May 513 The soil from which they derive their supplies and sustentation.

1881 A. Trollope Dr. Wortle's School II. ii. 31 The writer has perhaps learned to regard two glasses of meridian wine as but a moderate amount of sustentation.

1940 E. R. Goodenough Introd. Philo Judæus vii. 208 The First Fruits, with the leavened cake, are even more elaborately a symbol of partaking of mystic food, divine sustentation, manna, the Logos.

6. The action of providing nourishment or the means of sustenance to a person, animal, etc.; the fact of being provided for in this way, subsistence. Also in figurative context with reference to spiritual nourishment. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun]

nourishmentc1330

nurshinga1382

nurshmenta1382

sustenance1389

nutrition?a1425

nutrure?c1450

sustentation1452

nutrifaction?1503

education1533

feeding1547

nourishing1560

nutriture1568

cherishment1593

subsistence1615

nutrication1623

alimentation1626

keeping1644

alition1650

alumnation1658

focillation1658

aliture1721

altion1721

1452 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 41/2 That na maner of wittail be haldin in gyrnall be ony personis forther than is neidfull for thair awin persounis and the sustentacione of thair houshaldis.

a1483 King Edward IV in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 141 Yeving unto hir for the sustentacion of hir houshold half a beef and ij. motons.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 218 The water shalle seye..‘I brynge forþe diuerse kynde of Fishis for thi sustentacioun’.

1543 Necessary Doctr. Christen Man I iij b A perpetual fode..for our spiritual sustentation.

1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. B.v It is necessary for to haue this ploughyng for the sustentacion of the bodye.

1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 209 All manner of prices of things in this Realme, necessary for sustentation of the people, grew daily excessiue.

1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 903 Unlesse you see that there is not so much Honey left as may serve for the sustentation of the Parents or elder Bees.

1741 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses II. iv. v. 266 The Country..was rocky and mountainous: which, therefore,..was unfit for the Breed and Sustentation of Horse.

1825 S. T. Coleridge Aids Refl. 239 The part of the plant..suited..to the deposition of its eggs, and the sustentation of the future Larva.

1861 J. G. Holland Lessons in Life iv. 62 That peculiar element on which the germ must rely for quickening and sustentation.

1908 J. B. Babbitt Physical Hist. Earth in Outl. iv. 124 Vegetable growth adequate to the sustentation of animals.

a. The action of maintaining something, esp. the body, in life or existence. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation in being or maintenance

sustenance1389

relevation?1418

sustentation1477

supportation?a1500

sustentmenta1500

upbearing1501

entertainment1568

maintaining1644

the world > life > the body > system > [noun] > organ > vital organs > action or power of

mightc1175

spiritsa1400

vital spiritc1450

vital spiritsc1450

sustentation1477

psychoid1903

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 11^v Slepe no more than shall suffyse onely for the sustentacion of thy body.

1555 W. Waterman tr. Josephus in tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions sig. X.j If menne shal not onely haue regard to their owne priuate profecte, but also to the sustentacion of other.

1624 A. Darcie tr. Originall of Idolatries xxii. 105 The Sunne..by his force and calidity giues sustentation to whatsoeuer liues vpon the earth.

1675 T. Brooks Golden Key 227 The preservation and sustentation of all things, Colos. 1. 17.

1722 O. Dykes Royal Marriage 85 What is necessary for the Consolation of his Mind, the Comfort of his Heart, and the Sustentation of his Body?

1768 E. Search Light of Nature II. ii. xxii. 110 We depend upon things external for our uses and enjoyments and the sustentation of our bodies.

1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xxxi. 235 The fruit of the fresh-planted democracy as well as the seed for its sustentation and aggrandisement.

1874 T. H. Huxley in Nature 3 Sept. 362/1 Harvey..laid the foundation of a scientific theory of the larger part of the processes of living beings—those processes, in fact, which we now call processes of sustentation.

1921 New Philos. 24 106 The materia for the continual creation or sustentation of his body by the soul, is still provided by nature.

b. Support, help, aid; (in early use) esp. divine support or guidance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [noun] > mental or spiritual

supportationa1500

support?a1513

crutch1581

nutriment1597

sustentationa1617

a1617 P. Baynes Christian Lett. (1620) sig. L8 I thanke God in Christ, sustentation I haue,..but suauities spirituall I taste not any.

1645 J. Ussher Body of Divin. (1647) 378 That he would not take his holy Spirit from us in our trialls, but give us sustentation in our temptations.

2005 Morning Star (Nexis) 31 Aug. I feel let down by those I ought to be able to rely upon to provide the sustentation we know would be there if there was a will.

III. Senses relating to physical support.

†8. = sustainer n. 2a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports

staffc1000

hold1042

source1359

legc1380

shorer1393

stabilimenta1398

upholder1398

sustentationa1400

undersetterc1400

bearinga1425

undersettinga1425

suppowellc1430

triclinec1440

sustentaclec1451

supportera1475

sustainerc1475

sustenal1483

stayc1515

buttress1535

underpinning1538

firmament1554

countenance1565

support1570

appuia1573

comfort1577

hypostasis1577

underpropping1586

porter1591

supportation1593

supportance1597

understaya1603

bearer1607

rest1609

upsetter1628

mountinga1630

sustent1664

underlay1683

holdfast1706

abutment1727

suppeditor1728

mount1739

monture1746

bed1793

appoggiatura1833

bracing1849

bench1850

under-pinner1859

bolster-piece1860

sustainer1873

table mount1923

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 23 It is nessessarie summe lymes to han a sustentacioun..to be streyned & drawen abrod as þe noseþrillis & þe gristile of þe eere.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 254 (MED) Þe eere was maad of cartilaginis..& if þei schulde be maad oonly of fleisch, þei schulde haue noon sustentacioun for to bere hem vp.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 323 The most notable pyllers or sustentacions that the earth hath in heauen.

a. Originally: †the quality of being able physically to hold up or keep from falling a person or object (obsolete). Subsequently: the action of physically holding someone or something up; the condition of being supported in this way. rare after 17th cent. (now only as preserved in sense 9b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > [noun]

sustaining1395

sustenancea1398

sustentation?a1425

stinea1475

supportation1496

support1594

supporture1609

fulciment1640

undersustentation1650

?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 72 (MED) Watir haþ no sustentacioun, or berynge vp, therfore by þat wey no man may passe ouer þat flood..but needis he moste be drenchid.

1483 tr. Adam of Eynsham Reuelation vii And so [he] came to chirche..& without sustentacion or helpe of any thing entrid into the quire.

1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 138 A conuenient Fascia..for the sustentation of the arme.

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 189 Since the Tonique motion of the Muscules is not sufficient for sustentation of the Body.

1669 R. Boyle Contin. New Exper. Physico-mech. i. xxvi. 91 An ordinary School-philosopher would confidently have attributed this sustentation of so heavy a Body to Nature's fear of admitting a Vacuum.

1893 J. T. Bent in Geogr. Jrnl. 2 140 In difficult places the rocks have been cut [for the old roadways]; walls of sustentation are visible at many points.

b. Aeronautics. The action or condition of being supported in the air, whether by aerodynamic lift from an aerofoil or by an air cushion.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > aerodynamic forces and concepts > [noun] > lift

sustentation1874

lift1902

1874 Eng. Mechanic & World of Sci. 20 Nov. 246/2 Size is a very important point in all experiments on aerial sustentation.

1907 F. W. Lanchester Aerodynamics v. 179 The author does not employ the term aeroplane outside its correct signification, that is to say, to denote other than a true or plane aeroplane; the misuse of the word being avoided by the introduction of the word aerofoil, to denote a supporting member, or organ of sustentation of undefined form.

1939 Nature 18 Feb. 272/1 Most modern air transport is by means of the aeroplane, a body heavier than air, depending upon forward movement for sustentation.

1977 T. K. S. Murthy in Proc. 2nd Internat. Waterborne Transportation Conf. (1978) 308 The sustentation of the vehicle above the water surface is therefore partly due to the pressure of the air in the cushion and partly due to the hydrostatic buoyancy of the submerged hulls.

2005 O. Darrigol Worlds Flow vii. 305 He imagined a singular theory of what he called an ‘aerofoil’, that is, the organ of sustentation of airplanes and birds.

Compounds

sustentation fund n. a fund providing support for church ministers in meeting their living costs, esp. in the Free Church of Scotland.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] > set apart for a purpose > for other purposes

alms purse1530

privy purse1565

sinking fund1717

stakea1744

pension fund1757

spare-chest1769

road fund1784

revolving fund1793

community chest1796

provident fund1817

sustentation fund1837

wages-fund1848

slush fund1874

treasury chest fund1877

fall money1883

jackpot1884

provision1895

war chest1901

juice1935

fighting fund1940

structural fund1967

appeal fund1976

1837 Sheffield Independent 18 Feb. They had, however, a heavy expense in the sustentation fund for the maintenance of worn-out missionaries.

1869 Daily News 21 Oct. The Free Church of Scotland in 26 years had..raised a sustentation fund of 132,000l. per annum, so that every minister should have not less than 150l. a year.

1915 N. Munro in Glasgow News 15 Mar. 2/4 ‘Don't joke aboot the Sustentation Fund, Erchie,’ said Jennet with pious reproof.

2008 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) (Nexis) 9 Dec. 4 Mr Macdonald received a regular stipend from a sustentation fund.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sustentation
释义	sustentationn. Brit. /ˌsʌstɛnˈteɪʃn/, /ˌsʌst(ə)nˈteɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌsəst(ə)nˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English sustentacioun, Middle English sustentacon, Middle English sustentacone, Middle English–1500s sustentacione, Middle English–1500s sustentacyon, Middle English–1600s sustentacion, Middle English– sustentation, late Middle English substentacion, 1500s sustencyon (transmission error), 1500s sustentatyon; Scottish pre-1700 sustentacion, pre-1700 sustentacione, pre-1700 sustentacioun, pre-1700 sustentacioune, pre-1700 sustentatione, pre-1700 sustentatioun, pre-1700 sustentatioune, pre-1700 sustentatyown, pre-1700 1700s– sustentation, 1800s– sistentation. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French sustentation; Latin sustentātiōn-, sustentātiō. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French sustentacion, sustentation, Middle French substentacion, substentation (French sustentation ) act of feeding, of maintaining (a living being), of keeping alive (1236 in Old French as sustentasion ), nourishment (1st half of the 14th cent.), maintenance of an object in a particular state, upkeep (c1370), support for a person or cause (1417–20), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin sustentātiōn-, sustentātiō provision (of a person) with aid, means of subsistence, deferment, delay, in post-classical Latin also endurance, forbearance (Vetus Latina), support, restraint (4th cent.) < sustentāt- , past participial stem of sustentāre sustentate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan sustentacio , Catalan sustentació (14th cent.), Spanish sustentacion (late 14th cent.), Portuguese sustentação (13th cent.), Italian sostentazione (1353). Compare sustenance n.In sense 1 translating post-classical Latin sustentatio (Vulgate; corresponding to Hellenistic Greek ἀνοχή). I. Senses relating to patience or the enduring of difficulties. †1. Patience, forbearance. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [noun] > forbearance or tolerance mercya1225 tholea1325 patiencyc1350 patiencea1382 abidingc1384 sustentationc1384 tack1412 tolerancya1556 digesture1567 toleration1582 acceptance1586 forbearance1599 brooking1624 digestion1653 tolerance1765 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. iii. 26 In the sustentacioun, or beringe vp [L. sustentatione], of God. 2. a. The action of bearing or enduring an affliction, tribulation, etc. Also: †something which is to be endured; a tribulation (obsolete). Cf. sustenance n. 8. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [noun] thildc950 tholemodec1000 tholemodenessc1000 tholeburdnessa1050 patience?c1225 sustenancea1425 sustentationa1425 supportationa1438 bearing1496 patientnessa1500 supporture1609 bearance1611 uncomplainingness1877 a1425 tr. Bk. Tribulation (Arun.) (1983) 140 Susteyne þe sustentacions [a1450 Bodl. sustenaunces] of God. 1607 J. Carpenter Plaine Mans Spirituall Plough 134 Patience,..a voluntarie and daily sustentation and tolleration. 1653 R. Baxter Right Method Settled Peace 244 Their [sc. martyrs'] sufferings and strange sustentations. 1829 Louisville Public Advertiser 22 Oct. There is a dignity in great sorrows which materially assists in their proper sustentation. 1898 F. R. Fowke Bayeux Tapestry 62 The tranquillity with which sheep browse upon the fortifications is incompatible with the sustentation of a siege. 2009 P. D. Flores in Stitching Paint into Collage 12 A contention that seeks adjudication not in the evasion of suffering, but in its sustentation in religion. †b. The bearing of a charge or cost. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > bearing of expenses or charges supportation1437 support1449 sustentation1449 defrayment1547 defraying1587 defray?1615 defrayal1820 1449–50 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1449 §53. m. 10 They were enfeffed by the most noble prynce..in pure and perpetuell almois, in sustentation of the grete importable charges of the seid church. 1553 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. ii. 4 For sustentation of your charges in this behalf. II. Senses relating to the maintenance of condition or state. 3. a. The action of maintaining or keeping in existence or good order an institution, establishment, building, etc.; maintenance, upkeep; (also) an instance or example of this. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > [noun] > of a building, institution, etc. sustentation1389 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 67 He schal payen, to the sustentacion of this gylde, v.s. 1430 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1430/21 The landis..endlang the cost syde and inwart in the lande vj myle sal contribute to the reparatioun and sustentatioun of the said galais. a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 190 (MED) Which rent he assigned vnto the sustentacion of the kechyn of the forsaid mynchons. 1486 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 16 Than I bequethe all..to the vse and sustentacion of london Brigge. 1557 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 386 The maynteyninge and sustentacion of the same housse and Colladge. 1627 R. Cotton Short View Life & Raigne Henry III 47 Councellors..are but as accessaries, not principals, in sustentation of the State. 1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi vii. §2. 319 The starres..stand in need of daily sustentation, like a lamp. 1788 Gentleman's Mag. June 503/2 Parishioners made a yearly payment to the Cathedral for the sustentation and maintenance thereof. 1837 J. D. Lang Hist. Acct. New S. Wales II. 165 The sustentation and maintenance of agriculture and commerce. 1860 W. F. Hook Lives Archbps. II. ii. 139 The Peter-pence had..been..a charge laid upon the private estates of the king..for the sustentation of the English College at Rome. 1869 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. 49 The taxes, which he imposed on the provinces for the sustentation of his enormous court. 1910 J. H. McCarthy O'Flynn vi. 47 His native penuriousness denied to an already dilapidated mansion those cares and sustentations which would have kept its youth green. b. The action of maintaining or preserving a condition or state of affairs, esp. the maintenance or preservation of human life. Also occasionally: spec. the maintaining of something at a certain rate or level. Usually with of. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > [noun] maintenancec1390 sustentation1425 keepingc1430 conservationc1447 sustenation1496 maintainment?c1500 intertenure1537 containing1567 sustainment1568 maintain1599 manutention1603 manutenency?1630 continuance1691 conservancy1884 1425 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1425 §13. m. 4 For þe better sustentation of þe said stile, title, name and worship. a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 142 Howe the kyng mey best haue sufficient..livelod ffor the sustentacion off his estate. 1533 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) I. 356 A certeyn Annuytie of xxvi s. viii d. toward the Sustentacion of his lyvyng for terme of his Naturall life. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 38 Al thyngys necessary & plesaunt for the sustentatyon & quyetnes of mannys lyfe. 1568 in J. Hosack Mary Queen of Scots (1869) I. 529 Na prouision wes deuisit for the support and sustentatioun of the king hir husbandis honorable estait. 1571–2 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 121 To provoke thame..to the sustentatioun..of thair mischevious querrell. 1607 J. Carpenter Plaine Mans Spirituall Plough 68 To till..their fieldes for the better sustentation of mans life. 1684 tr. A. O. Exquemelin Bucaniers Amer. iii. 11 Neither do they give themselves the trouble to plant more fruits, that what are necessary for the sustentation of humane life. 1718 W. Pearson Serm. Several Occasions 284 The Digestion and Separation of the several Juices in the Body for the Sustentation of Life. 1785 W. Paley Moral & Polit. Philos. (1818) I. 99 Applied to the sustentation of human life. 1850 W. R. Williams Relig. Progress (1854) iv. 89 A nation..eager..for the sustentation and diffusion of freedom. 1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 279 The improvement, or even the sustentation of the value of his lands became a matter of minor importance. 1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) III. xviii. 244 Royal progresses for the sustentation of peace and justice. 1902 M. A. Lane Level Social Motion vi. 221 Quantities ample for the sustentation of social life. 2006 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 10 July (The Guide) 20 Notions involving belief structures and their sustentation aren't contrived with sufficient fluency in [the] screenplay. †c. A person, circumstance, etc., that helps maintain or promote a condition or state of affairs. Cf. sustainer n. 1a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [noun] > that which or one who supports crutchc900 upholda1066 uptakinga1300 arma1382 postc1387 staff1390 sustainerc1390 undersetterc1400 potent?a1439 buttressa1450 supportalc1450 comfort1455 supporta1456 studa1500 poge1525 underpropper1532 shore1534 staya1542 prop1562 stoopa1572 underprop1579 sustentation1585 rest1590 underpinning1590 supportance1597 sustinent1603 lean1610 reliance1613 hingea1616 columna1620 spar1630 gable end1788 lifeboat1832 standback1915 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. xiii. 95 b They haue some small peeces of money giuen vnto them which is their onely aduantage and sustentation [Fr. soustien] of their pouerty. 1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. D7 God..Who is our lifes strong sustentation. 1742 R. North & M. North Life F. North 15 His Family was not in a Posture to sustain any of the Brothers, by Estates to be carved out of the main Sustentation of the Honour. 1889 J. S. Kedney Christian Doctr. Harmonized 28 A moral law..is an element of the normal constitution of the entire universe, of which God is the sustentation. 4. a. Provision of a person with a livelihood or the means of living; maintenance or support with the means of subsistence. Frequently with reference to provision for the clergy (cf. sustentation fund n. at Compounds).Very common in the 16th cent. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > provision of means of support or livelihood substancec1384 maintenance1389 sustenance1389 sustentation1389 sustaining1395 findingc1400 uphold1439 retainment1449 exhibition?a1475 entertainment?c1475 upholdingc1480 entertaininga1492 sustenation1496 support1561 alimentation1590 alimony1622 enablement1626 subsisting1698 keep1801 life support1852 palimony1977 1389 in W. Fraser Memorials Family Wemyss (1888) II. 24 Scyr Jon sal gyf to..Doncane til hys sustentacione and hys vphauld for terme of lyve al hys land of Kylmanyne. 1428 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 79 I be-quethe to the sustentacion of that..preest..xx.li. 1463–5 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1463 §60. m. 44 Free passage uppon your water of Severne..aswell for the sustentation of youre people of the seid townes, as of all youre people of youre shires in the mean waye. ?1529 Proper Dyaloge Gentillman & Husbandman sig. A v^v Artificeres and men of occupacion Quietly wanne their sustentacion. 1558 Bp. T. Watson Holsome Doctr. Seuen Sacramentes xxvi. f. clxiiii^v The payment of tythes..for so much as perteineth to..the sustentacion of Gods ministers. 1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments iv. f. 72^v/1 The patronages and almoise bestowed by them..for the sustentation of the poore of the realme. 1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 26 So much [land] allotted to euery man as might be thought sufficient for the sustentation of his family. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 2 They ordeined to the Justitiar for his sustentation, ilk day of his justice air, fiue pounds. a1678 H. Scougal Duty Praise & Thanksgiving (1729) 17 He that brought it into the world hath already provided for its sustentation in it. 1793 T. Blore Hist. Manor South Winfield 21 It is found that..there was there a certain capital messuage insufficient for the sustentation of the family. 1852 W. E. Gladstone in Edinb. Rev. Apr. 381 As there is no poor-law, under which nations can be rated in proportion to their means, for the sustentation of the impotent. 1868 Stephen's New Comm. Laws Eng. (ed. 6) III. iv. ii. i. 41 The law has made several provisions for the proper sustentation and payment of licensed curates, the law has made a variety of provisions. 1920 J. H. B. Masterman Clerical Income 8 Generally to promote the further sustentation of the clergy. 1999 Oxoniensia 63 67 Land..which William de Braose her father gave her as a marriage portion for her sustentation in her reclusagium , the land to revert after her decease. †b. An amount provided or allowed as a means of subsistence or for necessary maintenance; esp. a living, a livelihood. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > provision of means of support or livelihood > instance or amount of sustentation1461 maintenance1540 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > allowance > for specific purpose > for food or maintenance meatcorn1264 corrody1430 sustentation1461 dieta1483 diet-money1519 board wages1539 viaticum1594 subsistence money1693 table allowance1762 board-money1809 subsistence allowance1824 beer money1827 in-maintenance1836 subsistence allowance1848 conred1876 sustenance money1905 rider1975 1461–2 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1461 §15. m. 8 Eny graunte of a corrodye or sustentacion made..by thabbot and convent. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 174 The reuenues..shall be well kept by the handes of the treasurer of Scotlande..sauyng a reasonable sustentation of the lande, Castelles, and ministers of the kingdome. a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1655) iv. 191 It should be considered, what might be a reasonable sustentation to the Ministers. 1671 J. Webster Metallographia i. 23 To seek for a sustentation by such slavish and drudgery Work. 1769 A. Smith Let. 23 May in E. C. Mossner & I. S. Ross Corr. A. Smith (1977) cxx. 154 If the twa Shillings are to be understood to be the value of the reasonable sustentation, it is for six persons and is 4.d apiece. †c. A person who provides a means of subsistence for others; a provider. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > provision of means of support or livelihood > one who maintainera1450 provisora1475 provider1616 sustentationa1631 head-worker1640 support1677 breadwinner1783 family head2002 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > allowance > for specific purpose > for food or maintenance > one who provides sustentationa1631 a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1959) IV. 331 Lazarus, the staffe and sustentation of that family was dead. 5. Sustenance, food, nourishment. Also in figurative context with reference to spiritual food (cf. sense 6). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > [noun] > sustenance or nourishment foodOE fosterc1000 fodnethOE flittinga1225 livenotha1225 nourishingc1300 sustenancec1300 livelihoodc1325 nurture1340 fosteringc1386 livingc1405 nouriturea1425 nutriment?a1425 nutrition?a1425 lifehood1440 reliefa1450 nourishmentc1450 nurshingc1450 sustentationc1450 nutrimentc1485 alimenta1500 sustainmenta1500 bielda1522 creature1540 suck1584 mantiniment1588 fosterment1593 the three M's1938 society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > [noun] > attendance or partaking of commoningc1384 communingc1425 communion1440 perceptionc1450 sumptionc1450 sustentationc1450 manducationa1513 receipt?a1513 communicating1550 communication1550 mastication1601 theanthropophagy1654 theophagy1875 c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 300 Þus for grete labur & no sustentacion þis ass dyed. c1474 in J. B. Sheppard Christ Church Lett. (1877) 27 (MED) Your hogges..have wroted the wode over and over, the which shuld be the chefe sustentacion for your young dier in wynter. 1537 Inst. Christen Man I v The sacrament of the Altare..is the very spirituall fode, and the very necessarye sustentation..of all christen men. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 30 Beystis..quhilk past besyde burnis & boggis on grene bankis to seik ther sustentatione. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Tabil sig. .viii^v We may lesumlie desyre of god our necessarie sustentatioun. ?1608 S. Lennard tr. P. Charron Of Wisdome* i. Pref. 2 To meditate..therein..is the food, sustentation, life of the spirit. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xxi. 163 It is..a very abstemious animall, and such as..will long subsist without a visible sustentation . View more context for this quotation 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. x. §3. 259 By Sustentation Ordinary..is intended such kind of Food as is usual for ordinary persons, and ordinary times. 1774 T. West Antiq. Furness (1805) 195 Sustentation and commodities for themselves and their children. 1866 Reader 26 May 513 The soil from which they derive their supplies and sustentation. 1881 A. Trollope Dr. Wortle's School II. ii. 31 The writer has perhaps learned to regard two glasses of meridian wine as but a moderate amount of sustentation. 1940 E. R. Goodenough Introd. Philo Judæus vii. 208 The First Fruits, with the leavened cake, are even more elaborately a symbol of partaking of mystic food, divine sustentation, manna, the Logos. 6. The action of providing nourishment or the means of sustenance to a person, animal, etc.; the fact of being provided for in this way, subsistence. Also in figurative context with reference to spiritual nourishment. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun] nourishmentc1330 nurshinga1382 nurshmenta1382 sustenance1389 nutrition?a1425 nutrure?c1450 sustentation1452 nutrifaction?1503 education1533 feeding1547 nourishing1560 nutriture1568 cherishment1593 subsistence1615 nutrication1623 alimentation1626 keeping1644 alition1650 alumnation1658 focillation1658 aliture1721 altion1721 1452 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 41/2 That na maner of wittail be haldin in gyrnall be ony personis forther than is neidfull for thair awin persounis and the sustentacione of thair houshaldis. a1483 King Edward IV in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 141 Yeving unto hir for the sustentacion of hir houshold half a beef and ij. motons. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 218 The water shalle seye..‘I brynge forþe diuerse kynde of Fishis for thi sustentacioun’. 1543 Necessary Doctr. Christen Man I iij b A perpetual fode..for our spiritual sustentation. 1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. B.v It is necessary for to haue this ploughyng for the sustentacion of the bodye. 1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 209 All manner of prices of things in this Realme, necessary for sustentation of the people, grew daily excessiue. 1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 903 Unlesse you see that there is not so much Honey left as may serve for the sustentation of the Parents or elder Bees. 1741 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses II. iv. v. 266 The Country..was rocky and mountainous: which, therefore,..was unfit for the Breed and Sustentation of Horse. 1825 S. T. Coleridge Aids Refl. 239 The part of the plant..suited..to the deposition of its eggs, and the sustentation of the future Larva. 1861 J. G. Holland Lessons in Life iv. 62 That peculiar element on which the germ must rely for quickening and sustentation. 1908 J. B. Babbitt Physical Hist. Earth in Outl. iv. 124 Vegetable growth adequate to the sustentation of animals. 7. a. The action of maintaining something, esp. the body, in life or existence. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation in being or maintenance sustenance1389 relevation?1418 sustentation1477 supportation?a1500 sustentmenta1500 upbearing1501 entertainment1568 maintaining1644 the world > life > the body > system > [noun] > organ > vital organs > action or power of mightc1175 spiritsa1400 vital spiritc1450 vital spiritsc1450 sustentation1477 psychoid1903 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 11^v Slepe no more than shall suffyse onely for the sustentacion of thy body. 1555 W. Waterman tr. Josephus in tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions sig. X.j If menne shal not onely haue regard to their owne priuate profecte, but also to the sustentacion of other. 1624 A. Darcie tr. Originall of Idolatries xxii. 105 The Sunne..by his force and calidity giues sustentation to whatsoeuer liues vpon the earth. 1675 T. Brooks Golden Key 227 The preservation and sustentation of all things, Colos. 1. 17. 1722 O. Dykes Royal Marriage 85 What is necessary for the Consolation of his Mind, the Comfort of his Heart, and the Sustentation of his Body? 1768 E. Search Light of Nature II. ii. xxii. 110 We depend upon things external for our uses and enjoyments and the sustentation of our bodies. 1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xxxi. 235 The fruit of the fresh-planted democracy as well as the seed for its sustentation and aggrandisement. 1874 T. H. Huxley in Nature 3 Sept. 362/1 Harvey..laid the foundation of a scientific theory of the larger part of the processes of living beings—those processes, in fact, which we now call processes of sustentation. 1921 New Philos. 24 106 The materia for the continual creation or sustentation of his body by the soul, is still provided by nature. b. Support, help, aid; (in early use) esp. divine support or guidance. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [noun] > mental or spiritual supportationa1500 support?a1513 crutch1581 nutriment1597 sustentationa1617 a1617 P. Baynes Christian Lett. (1620) sig. L8 I thanke God in Christ, sustentation I haue,..but suauities spirituall I taste not any. 1645 J. Ussher Body of Divin. (1647) 378 That he would not take his holy Spirit from us in our trialls, but give us sustentation in our temptations. 2005 Morning Star (Nexis) 31 Aug. I feel let down by those I ought to be able to rely upon to provide the sustentation we know would be there if there was a will. III. Senses relating to physical support. †8. = sustainer n. 2a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports staffc1000 hold1042 source1359 legc1380 shorer1393 stabilimenta1398 upholder1398 sustentationa1400 undersetterc1400 bearinga1425 undersettinga1425 suppowellc1430 triclinec1440 sustentaclec1451 supportera1475 sustainerc1475 sustenal1483 stayc1515 buttress1535 underpinning1538 firmament1554 countenance1565 support1570 appuia1573 comfort1577 hypostasis1577 underpropping1586 porter1591 supportation1593 supportance1597 understaya1603 bearer1607 rest1609 upsetter1628 mountinga1630 sustent1664 underlay1683 holdfast1706 abutment1727 suppeditor1728 mount1739 monture1746 bed1793 appoggiatura1833 bracing1849 bench1850 under-pinner1859 bolster-piece1860 sustainer1873 table mount1923 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 23 It is nessessarie summe lymes to han a sustentacioun..to be streyned & drawen abrod as þe noseþrillis & þe gristile of þe eere. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 254 (MED) Þe eere was maad of cartilaginis..& if þei schulde be maad oonly of fleisch, þei schulde haue noon sustentacioun for to bere hem vp. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 323 The most notable pyllers or sustentacions that the earth hath in heauen. 9. a. Originally: †the quality of being able physically to hold up or keep from falling a person or object (obsolete). Subsequently: the action of physically holding someone or something up; the condition of being supported in this way. rare after 17th cent. (now only as preserved in sense 9b). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] sustaining1395 sustenancea1398 sustentation?a1425 stinea1475 supportation1496 support1594 supporture1609 fulciment1640 undersustentation1650 ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 72 (MED) Watir haþ no sustentacioun, or berynge vp, therfore by þat wey no man may passe ouer þat flood..but needis he moste be drenchid. 1483 tr. Adam of Eynsham Reuelation vii And so [he] came to chirche..& without sustentacion or helpe of any thing entrid into the quire. 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 138 A conuenient Fascia..for the sustentation of the arme. 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 189 Since the Tonique motion of the Muscules is not sufficient for sustentation of the Body. 1669 R. Boyle Contin. New Exper. Physico-mech. i. xxvi. 91 An ordinary School-philosopher would confidently have attributed this sustentation of so heavy a Body to Nature's fear of admitting a Vacuum. 1893 J. T. Bent in Geogr. Jrnl. 2 140 In difficult places the rocks have been cut [for the old roadways]; walls of sustentation are visible at many points. b. Aeronautics. The action or condition of being supported in the air, whether by aerodynamic lift from an aerofoil or by an air cushion. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > aerodynamic forces and concepts > [noun] > lift sustentation1874 lift1902 1874 Eng. Mechanic & World of Sci. 20 Nov. 246/2 Size is a very important point in all experiments on aerial sustentation. 1907 F. W. Lanchester Aerodynamics v. 179 The author does not employ the term aeroplane outside its correct signification, that is to say, to denote other than a true or plane aeroplane; the misuse of the word being avoided by the introduction of the word aerofoil, to denote a supporting member, or organ of sustentation of undefined form. 1939 Nature 18 Feb. 272/1 Most modern air transport is by means of the aeroplane, a body heavier than air, depending upon forward movement for sustentation. 1977 T. K. S. Murthy in Proc. 2nd Internat. Waterborne Transportation Conf. (1978) 308 The sustentation of the vehicle above the water surface is therefore partly due to the pressure of the air in the cushion and partly due to the hydrostatic buoyancy of the submerged hulls. 2005 O. Darrigol Worlds Flow vii. 305 He imagined a singular theory of what he called an ‘aerofoil’, that is, the organ of sustentation of airplanes and birds. Compounds sustentation fund n. a fund providing support for church ministers in meeting their living costs, esp. in the Free Church of Scotland. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] > set apart for a purpose > for other purposes alms purse1530 privy purse1565 sinking fund1717 stakea1744 pension fund1757 spare-chest1769 road fund1784 revolving fund1793 community chest1796 provident fund1817 sustentation fund1837 wages-fund1848 slush fund1874 treasury chest fund1877 fall money1883 jackpot1884 provision1895 war chest1901 juice1935 fighting fund1940 structural fund1967 appeal fund1976 1837 Sheffield Independent 18 Feb. They had, however, a heavy expense in the sustentation fund for the maintenance of worn-out missionaries. 1869 Daily News 21 Oct. The Free Church of Scotland in 26 years had..raised a sustentation fund of 132,000l. per annum, so that every minister should have not less than 150l. a year. 1915 N. Munro in Glasgow News 15 Mar. 2/4 ‘Don't joke aboot the Sustentation Fund, Erchie,’ said Jennet with pious reproof. 2008 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) (Nexis) 9 Dec. 4 Mr Macdonald received a regular stipend from a sustentation fund. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1384
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