supermassiveadj.

Brit.

/ˌsuːpəˈmasɪv/,

/ˌsjuːpəˈmasɪv/, U.S.

/ˌsupərˈmæsɪv/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: super- prefix, massive adj.

Etymology: < super- prefix + massive adj.

1. Extremely or exceptionally massive or substantial.

ΚΠ

1937 Corpus Christi (Texas) Times 16 Nov. 6/5 The Nazis have organized tramping..like everything else in the Third Reich, on a super-efficient and super-massive basis.

1944 View Mar. 26/2 This same shark must have been reincarnated into a super massive whale.

1957 P. De Kruif Man against Insanity iii. 34 Leo set out on his project of curing subacute bacterial endocarditis, with supermassive doses of penicillin.

1981 Oil & Gas Jrnl. (Nexis) 19 Oct. 113 Amoco Production Co. has done extensive supermassive hydraulic fracturing of the Cotton Valley sands.

2006 S. Thomas End of Mr. Y xix. 265 I can feel the dampness under my arms and between my thighs—my large, oversized, supermassive, chunky thunder-thighs.

2. Astronomy.

a. Of a star: having a mass greater than that allowed by current theory, typically hundreds of times that of the sun.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > [adjective]

orby?1609

serene1709

supermassive1938

1938 Kungl. Fysiographiska Sällskapet i Lund Förhandlingar 7 20 Do the super-novae originate from super-massive stars and white dwarfs?

1962 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 48 1997 If there were equipartition in this system, the globular clusters, considered as super-massive stars, would be found only in the central regions.

1990 J. Gribben & M. Rees Cosmic Coincidences (1992) iii. 84 We do not understand star formation well enough to be able to decide whether a gravitationally bound primordial cloud containing a million solar masses of material will form a single supermassive star or fragment into a cluster of more ordinary stars.

2003 J. Scalzi Rough Guide to Universe xiii. 188 Among the new stars will be a spate of supermassive stars that will blaze up and then blaze out in supernova blasts, all in the space of a relative eyeblink.

b. Of a black hole: having a mass many times (typically 10⁶ to 10¹⁰) that of the sun. Supermassive black holes are believed to lie at the centre of active galaxies and quasars.

ΚΠ

1973 Science 3 Aug. 396/3 If a supermassive black hole..existed near the galactic center..the power generated would exceed 10⁴³ erg/sec.

1981 Economist 24 Jan. 97/1 Still higher output would result from the collision of super~massive black holes containing, say, a mass equivalent to a million of earth's suns.

2002 Sci. Amer. June 46 (caption) Sombrero Galaxy..has a bright ellipsoidal bulge of stars, a supermassive black hole buried deep within that bulge..and star clusters scattered about the outskirts.

c. In other astronomical contexts: exceptionally massive.

ΚΠ

1988 T. A. Van Albada in J. Adouze et al. Large Scale Structures of Universe 406 Turner (1976) considerably improved the methodology to deal with these problems, but his claim of super massive halo's (M_dark/M_lum ≃ 10) has not been substantiated.

1994 A. Vilenkin & E. P. S. Shellard Cosmic Strings & Other Topological Defects vii. 189 Due to the presence of such singularities, supermassive strings with Δ > 2π appear to be of little physical interest.

2006 E. Chaisson Epic of Evol. ii. 126 Such cannibalism may also explain why super-massive galaxies—those having roughly ten times more mass than typical galaxies—are often found near the centers of rich galaxy clusters.

3. Particle Physics. Having a mass very much greater than that of most subatomic particles.

ΚΠ

1959 Mag. Fantasy & Sci. Fiction Aug. 30 They were distinctly more massive, in fact, than neutrons or protons, which, until then, had been the most massive particles known. These super-massive particles are called ‘hyperons’.

1971 Sci. News 100 121/3 The existence of the W particle..fulfills a theoretical prediction. It also..opens to investigation a new class of supermassive particles.

1991 G. Bear & S. M. Stirling in L. Niven et al. Man-Kzin Wars IV 286 Every Belter prospector had monopole detection equipment; mining the super-massive particles was a major source of income.

2002 F. Close et al. Particle Odyssey xi. 219 The high energies of these cosmic rays would be natural if they are the decay products of exotic supermassive particles, some 10 million million times more massive than a proton.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	supermassive
释义	supermassiveadj. Brit. /ˌsuːpəˈmasɪv/, /ˌsjuːpəˈmasɪv/, U.S. /ˌsupərˈmæsɪv/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: super- prefix, massive adj. Etymology: < super- prefix + massive adj. 1. Extremely or exceptionally massive or substantial. ΚΠ 1937 Corpus Christi (Texas) Times 16 Nov. 6/5 The Nazis have organized tramping..like everything else in the Third Reich, on a super-efficient and super-massive basis. 1944 View Mar. 26/2 This same shark must have been reincarnated into a super massive whale. 1957 P. De Kruif Man against Insanity iii. 34 Leo set out on his project of curing subacute bacterial endocarditis, with supermassive doses of penicillin. 1981 Oil & Gas Jrnl. (Nexis) 19 Oct. 113 Amoco Production Co. has done extensive supermassive hydraulic fracturing of the Cotton Valley sands. 2006 S. Thomas End of Mr. Y xix. 265 I can feel the dampness under my arms and between my thighs—my large, oversized, supermassive, chunky thunder-thighs. 2. Astronomy. a. Of a star: having a mass greater than that allowed by current theory, typically hundreds of times that of the sun. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > [adjective] orby?1609 serene1709 supermassive1938 1938 Kungl. Fysiographiska Sällskapet i Lund Förhandlingar 7 20 Do the super-novae originate from super-massive stars and white dwarfs? 1962 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 48 1997 If there were equipartition in this system, the globular clusters, considered as super-massive stars, would be found only in the central regions. 1990 J. Gribben & M. Rees Cosmic Coincidences (1992) iii. 84 We do not understand star formation well enough to be able to decide whether a gravitationally bound primordial cloud containing a million solar masses of material will form a single supermassive star or fragment into a cluster of more ordinary stars. 2003 J. Scalzi Rough Guide to Universe xiii. 188 Among the new stars will be a spate of supermassive stars that will blaze up and then blaze out in supernova blasts, all in the space of a relative eyeblink. b. Of a black hole: having a mass many times (typically 10⁶ to 10¹⁰) that of the sun. Supermassive black holes are believed to lie at the centre of active galaxies and quasars. ΚΠ 1973 Science 3 Aug. 396/3 If a supermassive black hole..existed near the galactic center..the power generated would exceed 10⁴³ erg/sec. 1981 Economist 24 Jan. 97/1 Still higher output would result from the collision of super~massive black holes containing, say, a mass equivalent to a million of earth's suns. 2002 Sci. Amer. June 46 (caption) Sombrero Galaxy..has a bright ellipsoidal bulge of stars, a supermassive black hole buried deep within that bulge..and star clusters scattered about the outskirts. c. In other astronomical contexts: exceptionally massive. ΚΠ 1988 T. A. Van Albada in J. Adouze et al. Large Scale Structures of Universe 406 Turner (1976) considerably improved the methodology to deal with these problems, but his claim of super massive halo's (M_dark/M_lum ≃ 10) has not been substantiated. 1994 A. Vilenkin & E. P. S. Shellard Cosmic Strings & Other Topological Defects vii. 189 Due to the presence of such singularities, supermassive strings with Δ > 2π appear to be of little physical interest. 2006 E. Chaisson Epic of Evol. ii. 126 Such cannibalism may also explain why super-massive galaxies—those having roughly ten times more mass than typical galaxies—are often found near the centers of rich galaxy clusters. 3. Particle Physics. Having a mass very much greater than that of most subatomic particles. ΚΠ 1959 Mag. Fantasy & Sci. Fiction Aug. 30 They were distinctly more massive, in fact, than neutrons or protons, which, until then, had been the most massive particles known. These super-massive particles are called ‘hyperons’. 1971 Sci. News 100 121/3 The existence of the W particle..fulfills a theoretical prediction. It also..opens to investigation a new class of supermassive particles. 1991 G. Bear & S. M. Stirling in L. Niven et al. Man-Kzin Wars IV 286 Every Belter prospector had monopole detection equipment; mining the super-massive particles was a major source of income. 2002 F. Close et al. Particle Odyssey xi. 219 The high energies of these cosmic rays would be natural if they are the decay products of exotic supermassive particles, some 10 million million times more massive than a proton. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1937
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