supervisionn.

Brit.

/ˌsuːpəˈvɪʒn/,

/ˌsjuːpəˈvɪʒn/, U.S.

/ˌsupərˈvɪʒən/

Forms: late Middle English 1600s– supervision, 1500s–1600s superuision.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin supervision-, supervisio.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin supervision-, supervisio examination, inspection, survey (frequently from mid 14th cent. in British sources), action of overseeing (from 15th cent. in British sources) < supervis- , past participial stem of supervidere supervise v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare supervisor n., supervide v. and later supervise v. With sense 2 compare slightly earlier supervise n.

1. The action or function of overseeing, directing, or taking charge of a person, organization, activity, etc.; supervisory responsibility.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [noun] > superintendence

oversighta1400

surviewc1421

supervisionc1475

supervisorship1482

survey1535

surveying1538

superintendence1559

superintendency1579

superinspection1617

supervising1634

intendment1638

supravision1642

surintendency1650

supervisal1652

supervisure1690

intendancy1727

surintendence1744

supervisance1816

overseering1854

overseeing1890

c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 58 By whose supervision and wittness, the Thesaurere of houshold is dyscharged from many partyculer accompts of thinges dyspended in houshold.

1593 T. Bilson Perpetual Govt. Christes Church iii. 18 He left the superuision and moderation of externall things and actions..to such as hee called to bee the guiders of his flocke and stewards of his houshold.

1640 Bp. J. Hall Episcopacie ii. vii. 121 Having had the speciall supervision of the whole Asian Church.

1680 L. Du Moulin Conformity of Discipline & Govt. ii. 4 As when the Bishop or a small number of Pastors has the whole management and supervision of affairs.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. iii. iv. 46 [The chancellor] seems to have had the supervision of..charters, letters, and such other public instruments of the crown, as were authenticated in the most solemn manner.

1781 T. Warton Specimen Hist. Oxfordshire (1783) 17 A perpetual lamp to burn before the high-altar in the royal chapel at Islip, under the trust and supervision of the abbats of Westminster.

1839 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire (ed. 2) I. ii. 412 The central office in London for..the general supervision and conduct of the business of registration.

1859 Regulations for Musketry Instr. Army 99 Officers charged with the Supervision of the Musketry Training of the Troops.

1877 W. Black Green Pastures vi The police supervision is very strict.

1921 Today's Educ. Mar. 45/3 The county superintendents, upon whom devolves the supervision of these schools, were working on salary rates set seventeen years ago.

1958 Nursing (St. John Ambulance Assoc.) i. 11 Nursing is carried out under the supervision of a doctor, and involves strict obedience to all his instructions.

1978 Orange Coast Mag. Sept. 26/3 Summer and after school playground supervision will rely now on volunteers.

2006 C. Stringer Homo Britannicus iii. 108 Further gravel was removed without supervision in 1944 to help construct Mulberry harbours for the D-Day landings.

2. The action of reading over a text, esp. for the purpose of correction; revision; an instance of this. Cf. supervise v. 1b, supervisor n. 2. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > reading > [noun] > reading through > for revision

supervision1616

supervisal1693

1616 T. Beard Retractiue from Romish Relig. 39 A Bishop, whose writings, after supervision and examination, were approued as Catholique doctrine.

1759 W. Harte Hist. Life Gustavus Adolphus I. p. xxvii If my work approacheth not to my own ideas, I am sensible it must arise from wanting hourly the kind assistance and supervision of two such friends as Mascou and Voltaire.

1785 R. Cumberland Observer xxvii. 263 The whole was..submitted to the final supervision of two persons, who were judged most competent.

1819 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. June 643/1 The work was compiled by Mr. Hen. Robt. Lewis, with the sanction and under the immediate supervision and correction of the principal native chieftains.

1881 New Test.: Revised Version Pref. p. vii A final supervision of the whole Bible [i.e. the 1611 version], by selected members from Oxford, Cambridge, and Westminster.

1911 W. C. Ford in Diary C. Mather (1912) I. p. xvii The Latin sentences have had the scholarly supervision of our colleague, Prof. Henry W. Haynes.

3. Education.

a. British. At the University of Cambridge: the direction of an undergraduate student's work by a tutor; tutorial instruction. Also: a period of this; a tutorial.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [noun] > instruction by tutor

reading1630

grinding1815

supervision1868

society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > tutorial > in college or university

supervision1902

tutorial1923

1868 Cambr. Univ. Gaz. 28 Oct. 2/3 These payments [by Unattached Students] entitle them to the advice and supervision of their tutors.

1902 Student's Handbk. Univ. & Colleges Cambr. ix. 221 College tuition or supervision—private and informal teaching adapted to the needs of each pupil, as distinguished from formal lectures.

1935 Granta 9 Oct. 9/2 His pupils were mildly aggrieved when every morning they had to listen to lectures and supervisions in the lee of the pig-sty.

1988 C. Brooke et al. Oxf. & Cambr. x. 263 It was Hopkins and his like who created the tradition of Cambridge supervision.

2010 S. Fry Fry Chrons. 74 An Oxbridge student..will..take their instruction in the form of tutorials—which at Cambridge are called supervisions.

b. Originally U.S. The direction and overseeing of the work of a postgraduate research student.

ΚΠ

1893 Ann. Reg. Univ. Chicago 84 The candidate will..undertake research, either in Inorganic, Organic, or Physical Chemistry under the supervision of one of the instructors or docents.

1908 Jrnl. Proc. & Addr. 9th Ann. Conf. (Assoc. Amer. Universities) 60 The subject [of the mathematics dissertation] is usually chosen in consultation with some member of the department..and is prepared under his supervision.

1964 New Scientist 17 Sept. 720/1 The Fellow may also be asked to assist in the supervision of postgraduate students and occasionally in the teaching of undergraduates.

1988 Oxf. Today 1 24/3 In addition to the ongoing research projects the emphasis of the Institute's work is on undergraduate teaching and postgraduate supervision in Japanese studies.

2007 I. Stewart Why Beauty is Truth viii. 133 At Erlangen he took a PhD on non-Euclidean geometry under the supervision of Felix Klein.

Compounds

supervision order n. British Law (a) a court order placing a company in the process of a voluntary winding-up under the supervision of the court; (b) a court order placing a child or young person under the supervision of a local authority or a probation officer in a case of delinquency or lack of appropriate care; cf. care order at care n.¹ 4c.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > judgement or decision of court > decision in writing or court order > for dealing with offenders

probation order1873

supervision order1938

community service order1971

1865 Law Jrnl. Rep. 35 619/2 If it is meant by a supervision order that the Court is merely to see what is done by the liquidators in the voluntary winding up, and to sanction their proceeding, in that case it would be an idle expense.

1938 Act 1 & 2 Geo. VI c. 40 Supervision order in place of order committing to care of fit person.

1948 Companies Act c. 38 314 (3) The court may remove any liquidator so appointed by the court or any liquidator continued under the supervision order.

1968 J. Lock Lady Policeman xv. 126 The juvenile court placed her under a Supervision Order and she returned home.

1985 Internat. & Compar. Law Q. 34 27 If the creditors are dissatisfied with the terms of the reconstruction they can precipitate a compulsory winding-up or supervision order.

2008 Family Law in Pract. (City Law School) 192 A care order might not be appropriate where a supervision order would sufficiently safeguard the child's welfare.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	supervision
释义	supervisionn. Brit. /ˌsuːpəˈvɪʒn/, /ˌsjuːpəˈvɪʒn/, U.S. /ˌsupərˈvɪʒən/ Forms: late Middle English 1600s– supervision, 1500s–1600s superuision. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin supervision-, supervisio. Etymology: < post-classical Latin supervision-, supervisio examination, inspection, survey (frequently from mid 14th cent. in British sources), action of overseeing (from 15th cent. in British sources) < supervis- , past participial stem of supervidere supervise v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare supervisor n., supervide v. and later supervise v. With sense 2 compare slightly earlier supervise n. 1. The action or function of overseeing, directing, or taking charge of a person, organization, activity, etc.; supervisory responsibility. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [noun] > superintendence oversighta1400 surviewc1421 supervisionc1475 supervisorship1482 survey1535 surveying1538 superintendence1559 superintendency1579 superinspection1617 supervising1634 intendment1638 supravision1642 surintendency1650 supervisal1652 supervisure1690 intendancy1727 surintendence1744 supervisance1816 overseering1854 overseeing1890 c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 58 By whose supervision and wittness, the Thesaurere of houshold is dyscharged from many partyculer accompts of thinges dyspended in houshold. 1593 T. Bilson Perpetual Govt. Christes Church iii. 18 He left the superuision and moderation of externall things and actions..to such as hee called to bee the guiders of his flocke and stewards of his houshold. 1640 Bp. J. Hall Episcopacie ii. vii. 121 Having had the speciall supervision of the whole Asian Church. 1680 L. Du Moulin Conformity of Discipline & Govt. ii. 4 As when the Bishop or a small number of Pastors has the whole management and supervision of affairs. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. iii. iv. 46 [The chancellor] seems to have had the supervision of..charters, letters, and such other public instruments of the crown, as were authenticated in the most solemn manner. 1781 T. Warton Specimen Hist. Oxfordshire (1783) 17 A perpetual lamp to burn before the high-altar in the royal chapel at Islip, under the trust and supervision of the abbats of Westminster. 1839 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire (ed. 2) I. ii. 412 The central office in London for..the general supervision and conduct of the business of registration. 1859 Regulations for Musketry Instr. Army 99 Officers charged with the Supervision of the Musketry Training of the Troops. 1877 W. Black Green Pastures vi The police supervision is very strict. 1921 Today's Educ. Mar. 45/3 The county superintendents, upon whom devolves the supervision of these schools, were working on salary rates set seventeen years ago. 1958 Nursing (St. John Ambulance Assoc.) i. 11 Nursing is carried out under the supervision of a doctor, and involves strict obedience to all his instructions. 1978 Orange Coast Mag. Sept. 26/3 Summer and after school playground supervision will rely now on volunteers. 2006 C. Stringer Homo Britannicus iii. 108 Further gravel was removed without supervision in 1944 to help construct Mulberry harbours for the D-Day landings. 2. The action of reading over a text, esp. for the purpose of correction; revision; an instance of this. Cf. supervise v. 1b, supervisor n. 2. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > reading > [noun] > reading through > for revision supervision1616 supervisal1693 1616 T. Beard Retractiue from Romish Relig. 39 A Bishop, whose writings, after supervision and examination, were approued as Catholique doctrine. 1759 W. Harte Hist. Life Gustavus Adolphus I. p. xxvii If my work approacheth not to my own ideas, I am sensible it must arise from wanting hourly the kind assistance and supervision of two such friends as Mascou and Voltaire. 1785 R. Cumberland Observer xxvii. 263 The whole was..submitted to the final supervision of two persons, who were judged most competent. 1819 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. June 643/1 The work was compiled by Mr. Hen. Robt. Lewis, with the sanction and under the immediate supervision and correction of the principal native chieftains. 1881 New Test.: Revised Version Pref. p. vii A final supervision of the whole Bible [i.e. the 1611 version], by selected members from Oxford, Cambridge, and Westminster. 1911 W. C. Ford in Diary C. Mather (1912) I. p. xvii The Latin sentences have had the scholarly supervision of our colleague, Prof. Henry W. Haynes. 3. Education. a. British. At the University of Cambridge: the direction of an undergraduate student's work by a tutor; tutorial instruction. Also: a period of this; a tutorial. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [noun] > instruction by tutor reading1630 grinding1815 supervision1868 society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > tutorial > in college or university supervision1902 tutorial1923 1868 Cambr. Univ. Gaz. 28 Oct. 2/3 These payments [by Unattached Students] entitle them to the advice and supervision of their tutors. 1902 Student's Handbk. Univ. & Colleges Cambr. ix. 221 College tuition or supervision—private and informal teaching adapted to the needs of each pupil, as distinguished from formal lectures. 1935 Granta 9 Oct. 9/2 His pupils were mildly aggrieved when every morning they had to listen to lectures and supervisions in the lee of the pig-sty. 1988 C. Brooke et al. Oxf. & Cambr. x. 263 It was Hopkins and his like who created the tradition of Cambridge supervision. 2010 S. Fry Fry Chrons. 74 An Oxbridge student..will..take their instruction in the form of tutorials—which at Cambridge are called supervisions. b. Originally U.S. The direction and overseeing of the work of a postgraduate research student. ΚΠ 1893 Ann. Reg. Univ. Chicago 84 The candidate will..undertake research, either in Inorganic, Organic, or Physical Chemistry under the supervision of one of the instructors or docents. 1908 Jrnl. Proc. & Addr. 9th Ann. Conf. (Assoc. Amer. Universities) 60 The subject [of the mathematics dissertation] is usually chosen in consultation with some member of the department..and is prepared under his supervision. 1964 New Scientist 17 Sept. 720/1 The Fellow may also be asked to assist in the supervision of postgraduate students and occasionally in the teaching of undergraduates. 1988 Oxf. Today 1 24/3 In addition to the ongoing research projects the emphasis of the Institute's work is on undergraduate teaching and postgraduate supervision in Japanese studies. 2007 I. Stewart Why Beauty is Truth viii. 133 At Erlangen he took a PhD on non-Euclidean geometry under the supervision of Felix Klein. Compounds supervision order n. British Law (a) a court order placing a company in the process of a voluntary winding-up under the supervision of the court; (b) a court order placing a child or young person under the supervision of a local authority or a probation officer in a case of delinquency or lack of appropriate care; cf. care order at care n.¹ 4c. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > judgement or decision of court > decision in writing or court order > for dealing with offenders probation order1873 supervision order1938 community service order1971 1865 Law Jrnl. Rep. 35 619/2 If it is meant by a supervision order that the Court is merely to see what is done by the liquidators in the voluntary winding up, and to sanction their proceeding, in that case it would be an idle expense. 1938 Act 1 & 2 Geo. VI c. 40 Supervision order in place of order committing to care of fit person. 1948 Companies Act c. 38 314 (3) The court may remove any liquidator so appointed by the court or any liquidator continued under the supervision order. 1968 J. Lock Lady Policeman xv. 126 The juvenile court placed her under a Supervision Order and she returned home. 1985 Internat. & Compar. Law Q. 34 27 If the creditors are dissatisfied with the terms of the reconstruction they can precipitate a compulsory winding-up or supervision order. 2008 Family Law in Pract. (City Law School) 192 A care order might not be appropriate where a supervision order would sufficiently safeguard the child's welfare. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1475
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