superficiesn.

Brit.

/ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃ(ɪ)iːz/,

/ˌsjuːpəˈfɪʃ(ɪ)iːz/, U.S.

/ˌsupərˈfɪʃiz/

Inflections: Plural unchanged.

Forms: 1500s superficieces (plural), 1500s superficyes, 1500s superfycyes, 1500s–1600s superficiesses (plural), 1500s–1600s superfycies, 1500s– superficies, 1600s superfecies.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin superficiēs.

Etymology: < classical Latin superficiēs upper part of anything, top, upper layer, surface, building as contrasted with the land on which it stands, building held in tenure by one party on land owned by another party, in post-classical Latin also exterior, appearance (late 2nd cent. in Tertullian) < super- super- prefix + faciēs face n. Compare Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French superficie (c1200), Spanish superficie (13th cent.), Portuguese superficie (1572), Italian superficie (14th cent.), all showing a similar range of senses. Compare earlier superfice n., superficie n., and later surface n.Compare the following earlier occurrence of the Latin word in an English context: ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxxvii. 1368 Superficies is brede and lengþe. Spissitudo ‘þikkenesse’ is brede and lengþe and depnesse. And euerych body haþ þese þre dymmensiouns, lengþe, brede, and depenesse [MS þikkenesse].In sense 9 after Italian superficie (1668 in this sense, in the passage translated in quot. 1670). /ˌsupərˈfɪʃiz/ is given as an alternative or sole pronunciation in most U.S. dictionaries from Worcester (1846) onwards. Metrical examples from the 17th cent. also point to a quadrisyllabic pronunciation.

I. Literal uses.

1. Geometry. A continuous extent having only two dimensions (length and breadth, without thickness); an entity such as forms the boundary or one of the boundaries of a solid object, or separates two adjacent portions of space; a surface (cf. surface n. 3). Cf. earlier superfice n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > surface > [noun]

superficec1400

superficies1530

surface1604

superficie1702

wave-surface1833

developable1847

quartic1854

scroll1862

conicoid1863

regulus1874

Riemann surface1876

tetrahedroid1889

construct1902

skew1902

trend surface1956

1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory ii. xx. sig. e2^v A superfycyes is that which hath but length and brede & no maner of thyckenes.

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 22 The extremes or limites of a bodye, are superficiesses.

1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 120 It is a ridiculous thing..to see what shifts these formalists haue..to make Superficies to seeme body, that hath depth and bulke.

a1679 T. Hobbes Seven Philos. Probl. (1682) viii. 83 Many Lines set together make a superficies though their breadth be insensible.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xiii. 78 To divide and separate actually is, as I think, by removing the parts one from another, to make two Superficies, where before there was a Continuity.

1738 B. Langley Builder's Compl. Assistant ii. i. 66 Regular Superficies bounded by five or more Sides are called Polygons, or Polygonals, or Multilaterals.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 703 To know the names of differently shaped superficies and solids, as circles, triangles, parallelograms, cubes, &c.

1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics xiv. 114 To allow them [sc. rays] to pack into a spherical superficies as they converge to their poles or points of origin.

1912 Pop. Mech. Oct. 130 This Slide Rule will multiply, divide, solve proportion... Also the mensuration of superficies, and the rule of three.

2006 M. Mitchell tr. W. Pauli in M. Mitchell Hidden Mutualities iv. 114 A geometrical corpus is formed by its outward boundaries and superficies.

a. The outer or upper surface of an object. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun]

scalec1400

superfice?c1400

superficie?a1425

overfacec1475

plata1522

superficies1530

situation1558

outface1570

upperface1583

surface1600

superface1633

periphery1664

1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory ii. sig. c3 Yt conteyneth the wyne within it, and so that holow superfycies of the tonne is the very naturall place of the wyne.

1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. ii. xvii. 30 So that the externall shewe of wordes, resemble the superficyes of the body.

1590 R. Greene Mourning Garment 27 The eye..coueteth that euery superficies be faire and pleasing.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 500 When the wormes are followed by Molds..they flie to the superficies and very toppe of the earth.

1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia ix. 375 For scarcely now a little boate Can on the superficies flote, Of those drown'd sands where water stayes.

1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xxx. 227 Conspicuous waves that appear'd upon the superficies of our agitated smoke.

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. vi. 39 She could not for some time discern one black hair on the whole superficies of Mr. Trunnion's face.

1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom I. 135 The river begins to run across the superficies of these coals.

1862 E. M. Goulburn Thoughts Pers. Relig. (1864) i. iii. 29 The difference of colour..is produced by some subtle difference of texture or superficies.

1943 A. M. Farrer Finite & Infinite ii. C. 232 A man totally blind, totally deaf, with perfectly insensitive palate and nose, and with the whole superficies of his body so numbed as to have no feeling, would be a complete idiot.

†b. A flat or level surface. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > [noun] > flat or level surface or side

floor?a1400

plain?a1425

pane1434

smoothc1440

platform1551

superficies1571

flat1624

level1634

plane1663

sole1711

1571 T. Digges in L. Digges's Geom. Pract.: Pantometria xxiii. sig. G.iij Note the degrees cut by the line fiducial: and then worke thus, vpon some euen smothe superficies whether it be boord plate or paper.

1585 J. Blagrave Math. Iewel 20 This instrument..is a certaine round superficies or flat forme representing the solid globe.

1674 J. Josselyn Acct. Two Voy. 161 Two hills of equal height.., the one well fortified on the superficies with some Artillery mounted.

1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub ii. 58 He was shewn in the Posture of a Persian Emperor, sitting on a Superficies.

1769 Gentleman's Mag. May 224/1 A common coach will overturn, if one wheel go on a superficies a foot and a half higher than that of the other.

1820 M. Graham tr. N. Poussin in Mem. Life Nicholas Poussin 132 Painting is an imitation by means of lines and colours, on some superficies, of every thing that can be seen under the sun.

3. Surface extent or area.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > [noun] > a) dimension(s) > property of having two dimensions > surface extent or area

superficialty?a1425

area?a1560

capacity?a1560

superficies1571

content1576

spread1584

continenta1608

containdure1623

surfacea1640

superficiality1690

1571 T. Digges in L. Digges's Geom. Pract.: Pantometria xiv. sig. O.j Y^e last figure called a Lunula, ABCD is mesured by deducting the segment ADC..from ABC..there remayneth..the Area or Superficies of the Lunula ABCD.

a1633 F. Godwin Man in Moone (1638) 93 The superficies of our land may bee judged Equivalent and comparable in Measure to that of our Seas.

1656 T. Hobbes Six Lessons v. 45 in Elements Philos. The Superficies of the Conoeides is greater then the Superficies of the Cone.

1753 N. Torriano Non-naturals 51 The whole Weight of Air, which presses equally upon a Body of about 15 square Feet Superficies.

1798 J. Grant & W. Leslie Surv. Province Moray iii. 171 The whole superficies of the parish contains 21 square miles.

1831 H. T. De la Beche Geol. Man. i. 2 The superficies of the Pacific Ocean alone is estimated as somewhat greater than that of the whole dry land with which we are acquainted.

1847 H. Miller First Impressions Eng. vi. 100 The slabs, each containing a superficies of about twenty-four feet.

1922 L. Gallois in A. Tilley Medieval France i. 1 Superficies of France including the island of Corsica, 212, 658 sq. miles.

2001 Oil & Gas Jrnl. (Nexis) 9 July 66 Kuwait could still throw up another string of lesser oil fields, but another Burgan is clearly out of question, given the sheikhdom's limited superficies.

a. That which constitutes the outermost part of an object; the surface layer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun] > with respect to form, texture, or extent

superficie1567

superficies1603

surface1605

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1174 The lakes and rivers..seeme in their superficies [Fr. à veoir leur superfice] to be some time reddish, and otherwhiles of a violet colour.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. i. i. 306 Crato..admits rost meat, if the burned and scorched superficies, the browne we call it, be pared off.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) II. 124 To render the Superficies of the Earth loose.

1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom I. ii. 373 It also wears down, by the friction of the stones, a considerable depth of the superficies of the rock itself.

1820 Q. Jrnl. Apr. 59 The density of its liquid superficies may be assumed to be the same with that of the surface of the mundane ocean.

1847 H. Miller First Impressions Eng. iv. 53 The rubbish of the subterranean workings is scarce at all suffered to encroach..on the arable superficies.

1910 Missouri Bot. Garden: 21st Ann. Rep. 159 The secretion..is not equally active throughout the superficies of the embryo.

1999 Ambix 46 126 The more rarefied parts of the primordial hyle rose to the outermost superficies of the created universe.

b. Roman Law and Civil Law. A structure in or on the surface of a piece of land which is so closely connected with it as to form part of it; a right possessed by a person over such a structure on someone else's land.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > real or immovable property > something on surface of land

superficies1710

society > law > legal right > rights to do or use something > [noun] > right over something on another's land

superficies1710

1710 J. Dundas Summary View Feudal Law ii. 5 Superficies, or Right to the face or surface, agrees in so far with a Few that both are Rights near of Kin to Property.

a1732 J. Ayliffe New Pandect Rom. Civil Law (1734) iii. iii. 280 Nor is he said to hold this Improvement from the Lord, unless he shall rent the Superficies, and become a Ground-Tenant. The Superficies here signifies what is built on the Soil.

1852 J. Bouvier Law Dict. U.S.A. (ed. 4) II. 559/2 Superficies, a Latin word used among civilians. It signifies in the edict of the prætor whatever has been erected on the soil.

1853 T. C. Sandars tr. Justinian Institutes (1859) ii. v. 215 The right of superficies was almost identical with that of emphyteusis, but applied only to the superficies, that is, things built on the ground, not to the ground itself. It was the right of disposing freely of a building erected on another man's soil without destroying it, subject to the payment of a yearly rent.

1926 E. A. Parker tr. J. Declareuil Rome the Law-Giver i. v. 188 Superficies was the right of a person who rented land..to immoveables built by him upon the leased land.

2001 J. van Rij Madame Butterfly iii. 70 The ‘lease’ of the house was in reality a right of superficies for 999 years created by Japanese law specially for the benefit of foreigners living outside the concessions.

II. Figurative uses.

5. That which is merely superficial; the outward appearance as distinct from the inner or real nature or condition.

ΚΠ

1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin xx. 1171 Obseruing happly the superficies and outward declaracion of the wordes but wresting and peruerting the inward sense.

1593 Tell-Trothes New-yeares Gift sig. D4 They that only haue entertained the superficies of loue.

1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue iii. i. 187 I only lookt vpon the Superficies, I went no farther then the outward appearance.

1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 196. ⁋5 He who has seen only the superficies of life believes every thing to be what it appears.

1847 B. Disraeli Tancred I. ii. xiii. 284 He held that the state of England, notwithstanding the superficies of a material prosperity was one of impending doom.

1888 W. Pater Ess. from Guardian (1896) 106 What [his life] really most resembles, different as its superficies may look, is the career of those early mediæval religious artists.

1936 W. F. Taylor Hist. Amer. Lett. iii. iv. 179 In the superficies of romance, in the appeal of the rococo and exotic, he was little interested.

1996 E. Zimmerman Boundaries of Fiction ii. 84 Connecting chronologically disparate events..in a manner that reveals..an underlying meaning that is constant however much the superficies appear to change.

6. Something likened to a surface; the outer boundary or limit of an abstract entity. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun] > of something immaterial

superficies1586

1586 E. Hoby tr. M. Coignet Polit. Disc. Trueth xvii. 73 We must not onely consider, the superficies and beginnyng of thinges, but to looke more inwardly what may happen in time.

1607 Fayre Mayde of Exchange i. C j b Anth... But what is loue? Frank. A voluntary motion of delight, Touching the superficies of the soule.

1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 25 Greeke and Latine make not men valiant, nor are things that descend to the bottome of the soule, they scarce reach to the outermost superficies.

a1658 J. Cleveland Committee in Wks. (1687) 209 The Type of Flesh and Bloud, the Skeleton And Superficies of a thing that's gone.

a1700 T. Ken Edmund in Wks. (1721) II. 287 Those Thoughts..spread the Superficies of my Mind.

1774 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. 16 We must enter into the principles on which the work is wrought: these do not swim on the superficies, and consequently are not open to superficial observers.

1870 Day-star Apr. 90 In the expression the work he is thinking not so much of the ‘superficies’ of his work..as of the ‘centre’ of it all.

1920 G. S. Hall Morale xviii. 308 We need also sentiments at their best and distinct from a sentimentality that appeals only to the superficies of the mind.

1979 Ann. Rev. Anthropol. 8 282 Freud recognized that psychoanalytic investigations simply touch the superficies of creativity and genius.

†7. The outward form or aspect of something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun]

onseneeOE

bleea1000

shapeOE

ylikeOE

laitc1175

semblanta1225

sightc1275

fare1297

showingc1300

specea1325

parelc1330

guise1340

countenance1362

semblance?a1366

apparel1377

regardc1380

apparencec1384

imagec1384

spicec1384

overseeminga1398

kenninga1400

seemingc1400

visage1422

rinda1450

semenauntc1450

'pearance1456

outwardc1475

representation1489

favour?a1500

figurea1522

assemblant1523

prospect?1533

respect1535

visure1545

perceiverance1546

outwardshine1549

species1559

utter-shape1566

look1567

physiognomy1567

face1572

paintry1573

visor1575

mienc1586

superficies?1589

behaviour1590

aspect1594

complexion1597

confrontment1604

show1604

aira1616

beseeminga1616

formality1615

resemblancea1616

blush1620

upcomea1630

presentment1637

scheme1655

sensation1662

visibility1669

plumage1707

facies1727

remark1748

extrinsica1797

exterior1801

showance1820

the cut of one's jib1823

personnel1839

personal appearance1842

what-like1853

look-see1898

outwall1933

visuality1938

prosopon1947

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > mere appearance

shroudc1175

frontc1374

appearancec1384

countenance?c1425

fard1540

show1547

habit1549

outside1578

glimpse1579

superficies?1589

species1598

out-term1602

paint1608

surface1613

superfice1615

umbrage1639

superficials1652

semblance1843

outer womana1845

outward man1846

patina1957

?1589 T. Nashe Almond for Parrat sig. E^v The deuill..prouided a rustie superficies wherin to wrap him as soone as euer he was separated from his mothers wombe.

1612 N. Field Woman a Weather-cocke iii. ii Could Nature make So faire a superficies, to enclose So false a heart?

1638 D. Featley Transubstant. Exploded 56 You beleeve that Christ's body is contained under the superficies or accidents of bread.

1779 S. Johnson Waller in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets I. 92 His images [are] such as the superficies of nature readily supplies.

8. An outward show concealing the true nature of something; a cloak, a disguise. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > means of concealment > [noun] > mask, cloak, disguise

visor1390

scugc1485

cloak1526

visor1532

vizarda1555

mask1577

superficiesa1592

muffler1605

umbrella1623

misguise1646

travesty1732

iron mask1760

domino1836

vizarding1861

a1592 R. Greene Orpharion (1599) 40 Then must we confesse that beauty is..to be esteemed aboue all things, as the very couer and superficies vnder which vertue lyes hid.

1612 J. Webster White Divel i. ii. 19 Her coynesse? thats but the superficies of lust most women have.

1713 J. Dunton Neck or Nothing 48 What Prince..cou'd ever see the Pretender, or Treason lye hid under the gilded Superficies of so much seeming Goodness?

1797 W. C. White Orlando ii. i. 18 The little superficies of a story, A villain's heart invented, ne'er can gain Sufficient strength to shake his constancy.

1913 J. Fuchs Conc. Jews of Frankfort in J. Fuchs tr. C. Roessler Five Frankforters 23 A steely consistency of will which loves to hide itself in social intercourse under a superficies of easy-going joviality.

†9. A cursory account, a sketch. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > narration > description or act of describing > [noun] > outlining or sketching > sketch or brief description

adumbration1552

specimen1665

sketch1668

superficies1670

silhouette1819

outline sketch1835

thumbnail1900

1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa iii. ii. 261 But all that I have said yet of the Election of the Pope, has been nothing but a meer superficies [It. superficie] of the policies of the Court.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	superficies
释义	superficiesn. Brit. /ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃ(ɪ)iːz/, /ˌsjuːpəˈfɪʃ(ɪ)iːz/, U.S. /ˌsupərˈfɪʃiz/ Inflections: Plural unchanged. Forms: 1500s superficieces (plural), 1500s superficyes, 1500s superfycyes, 1500s–1600s superficiesses (plural), 1500s–1600s superfycies, 1500s– superficies, 1600s superfecies. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin superficiēs. Etymology: < classical Latin superficiēs upper part of anything, top, upper layer, surface, building as contrasted with the land on which it stands, building held in tenure by one party on land owned by another party, in post-classical Latin also exterior, appearance (late 2nd cent. in Tertullian) < super- super- prefix + faciēs face n. Compare Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French superficie (c1200), Spanish superficie (13th cent.), Portuguese superficie (1572), Italian superficie (14th cent.), all showing a similar range of senses. Compare earlier superfice n., superficie n., and later surface n.Compare the following earlier occurrence of the Latin word in an English context: ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxxvii. 1368 Superficies is brede and lengþe. Spissitudo ‘þikkenesse’ is brede and lengþe and depnesse. And euerych body haþ þese þre dymmensiouns, lengþe, brede, and depenesse [MS þikkenesse].In sense 9 after Italian superficie (1668 in this sense, in the passage translated in quot. 1670). /ˌsupərˈfɪʃiz/ is given as an alternative or sole pronunciation in most U.S. dictionaries from Worcester (1846) onwards. Metrical examples from the 17th cent. also point to a quadrisyllabic pronunciation. I. Literal uses. 1. Geometry. A continuous extent having only two dimensions (length and breadth, without thickness); an entity such as forms the boundary or one of the boundaries of a solid object, or separates two adjacent portions of space; a surface (cf. surface n. 3). Cf. earlier superfice n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > surface > [noun] superficec1400 superficies1530 surface1604 superficie1702 wave-surface1833 developable1847 quartic1854 scroll1862 conicoid1863 regulus1874 Riemann surface1876 tetrahedroid1889 construct1902 skew1902 trend surface1956 1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory ii. xx. sig. e2^v A superfycyes is that which hath but length and brede & no maner of thyckenes. 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 22 The extremes or limites of a bodye, are superficiesses. 1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 120 It is a ridiculous thing..to see what shifts these formalists haue..to make Superficies to seeme body, that hath depth and bulke. a1679 T. Hobbes Seven Philos. Probl. (1682) viii. 83 Many Lines set together make a superficies though their breadth be insensible. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xiii. 78 To divide and separate actually is, as I think, by removing the parts one from another, to make two Superficies, where before there was a Continuity. 1738 B. Langley Builder's Compl. Assistant ii. i. 66 Regular Superficies bounded by five or more Sides are called Polygons, or Polygonals, or Multilaterals. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 703 To know the names of differently shaped superficies and solids, as circles, triangles, parallelograms, cubes, &c. 1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics xiv. 114 To allow them [sc. rays] to pack into a spherical superficies as they converge to their poles or points of origin. 1912 Pop. Mech. Oct. 130 This Slide Rule will multiply, divide, solve proportion... Also the mensuration of superficies, and the rule of three. 2006 M. Mitchell tr. W. Pauli in M. Mitchell Hidden Mutualities iv. 114 A geometrical corpus is formed by its outward boundaries and superficies. 2. a. The outer or upper surface of an object. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun] scalec1400 superfice?c1400 superficie?a1425 overfacec1475 plata1522 superficies1530 situation1558 outface1570 upperface1583 surface1600 superface1633 periphery1664 1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory ii. sig. c3 Yt conteyneth the wyne within it, and so that holow superfycies of the tonne is the very naturall place of the wyne. 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. ii. xvii. 30 So that the externall shewe of wordes, resemble the superficyes of the body. 1590 R. Greene Mourning Garment 27 The eye..coueteth that euery superficies be faire and pleasing. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 500 When the wormes are followed by Molds..they flie to the superficies and very toppe of the earth. 1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia ix. 375 For scarcely now a little boate Can on the superficies flote, Of those drown'd sands where water stayes. 1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xxx. 227 Conspicuous waves that appear'd upon the superficies of our agitated smoke. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. vi. 39 She could not for some time discern one black hair on the whole superficies of Mr. Trunnion's face. 1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom I. 135 The river begins to run across the superficies of these coals. 1862 E. M. Goulburn Thoughts Pers. Relig. (1864) i. iii. 29 The difference of colour..is produced by some subtle difference of texture or superficies. 1943 A. M. Farrer Finite & Infinite ii. C. 232 A man totally blind, totally deaf, with perfectly insensitive palate and nose, and with the whole superficies of his body so numbed as to have no feeling, would be a complete idiot. †b. A flat or level surface. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > [noun] > flat or level surface or side floor?a1400 plain?a1425 pane1434 smoothc1440 platform1551 superficies1571 flat1624 level1634 plane1663 sole1711 1571 T. Digges in L. Digges's Geom. Pract.: Pantometria xxiii. sig. G.iij Note the degrees cut by the line fiducial: and then worke thus, vpon some euen smothe superficies whether it be boord plate or paper. 1585 J. Blagrave Math. Iewel 20 This instrument..is a certaine round superficies or flat forme representing the solid globe. 1674 J. Josselyn Acct. Two Voy. 161 Two hills of equal height.., the one well fortified on the superficies with some Artillery mounted. 1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub ii. 58 He was shewn in the Posture of a Persian Emperor, sitting on a Superficies. 1769 Gentleman's Mag. May 224/1 A common coach will overturn, if one wheel go on a superficies a foot and a half higher than that of the other. 1820 M. Graham tr. N. Poussin in Mem. Life Nicholas Poussin 132 Painting is an imitation by means of lines and colours, on some superficies, of every thing that can be seen under the sun. 3. Surface extent or area. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > [noun] > a) dimension(s) > property of having two dimensions > surface extent or area superficialty?a1425 area?a1560 capacity?a1560 superficies1571 content1576 spread1584 continenta1608 containdure1623 surfacea1640 superficiality1690 1571 T. Digges in L. Digges's Geom. Pract.: Pantometria xiv. sig. O.j Y^e last figure called a Lunula, ABCD is mesured by deducting the segment ADC..from ABC..there remayneth..the Area or Superficies of the Lunula ABCD. a1633 F. Godwin Man in Moone (1638) 93 The superficies of our land may bee judged Equivalent and comparable in Measure to that of our Seas. 1656 T. Hobbes Six Lessons v. 45 in Elements Philos. The Superficies of the Conoeides is greater then the Superficies of the Cone. 1753 N. Torriano Non-naturals 51 The whole Weight of Air, which presses equally upon a Body of about 15 square Feet Superficies. 1798 J. Grant & W. Leslie Surv. Province Moray iii. 171 The whole superficies of the parish contains 21 square miles. 1831 H. T. De la Beche Geol. Man. i. 2 The superficies of the Pacific Ocean alone is estimated as somewhat greater than that of the whole dry land with which we are acquainted. 1847 H. Miller First Impressions Eng. vi. 100 The slabs, each containing a superficies of about twenty-four feet. 1922 L. Gallois in A. Tilley Medieval France i. 1 Superficies of France including the island of Corsica, 212, 658 sq. miles. 2001 Oil & Gas Jrnl. (Nexis) 9 July 66 Kuwait could still throw up another string of lesser oil fields, but another Burgan is clearly out of question, given the sheikhdom's limited superficies. 4. a. That which constitutes the outermost part of an object; the surface layer. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun] > with respect to form, texture, or extent superficie1567 superficies1603 surface1605 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1174 The lakes and rivers..seeme in their superficies [Fr. à veoir leur superfice] to be some time reddish, and otherwhiles of a violet colour. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. i. i. 306 Crato..admits rost meat, if the burned and scorched superficies, the browne we call it, be pared off. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) II. 124 To render the Superficies of the Earth loose. 1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom I. ii. 373 It also wears down, by the friction of the stones, a considerable depth of the superficies of the rock itself. 1820 Q. Jrnl. Apr. 59 The density of its liquid superficies may be assumed to be the same with that of the surface of the mundane ocean. 1847 H. Miller First Impressions Eng. iv. 53 The rubbish of the subterranean workings is scarce at all suffered to encroach..on the arable superficies. 1910 Missouri Bot. Garden: 21st Ann. Rep. 159 The secretion..is not equally active throughout the superficies of the embryo. 1999 Ambix 46 126 The more rarefied parts of the primordial hyle rose to the outermost superficies of the created universe. b. Roman Law and Civil Law. A structure in or on the surface of a piece of land which is so closely connected with it as to form part of it; a right possessed by a person over such a structure on someone else's land. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > real or immovable property > something on surface of land superficies1710 society > law > legal right > rights to do or use something > [noun] > right over something on another's land superficies1710 1710 J. Dundas Summary View Feudal Law ii. 5 Superficies, or Right to the face or surface, agrees in so far with a Few that both are Rights near of Kin to Property. a1732 J. Ayliffe New Pandect Rom. Civil Law (1734) iii. iii. 280 Nor is he said to hold this Improvement from the Lord, unless he shall rent the Superficies, and become a Ground-Tenant. The Superficies here signifies what is built on the Soil. 1852 J. Bouvier Law Dict. U.S.A. (ed. 4) II. 559/2 Superficies, a Latin word used among civilians. It signifies in the edict of the prætor whatever has been erected on the soil. 1853 T. C. Sandars tr. Justinian Institutes (1859) ii. v. 215 The right of superficies was almost identical with that of emphyteusis, but applied only to the superficies, that is, things built on the ground, not to the ground itself. It was the right of disposing freely of a building erected on another man's soil without destroying it, subject to the payment of a yearly rent. 1926 E. A. Parker tr. J. Declareuil Rome the Law-Giver i. v. 188 Superficies was the right of a person who rented land..to immoveables built by him upon the leased land. 2001 J. van Rij Madame Butterfly iii. 70 The ‘lease’ of the house was in reality a right of superficies for 999 years created by Japanese law specially for the benefit of foreigners living outside the concessions. II. Figurative uses. 5. That which is merely superficial; the outward appearance as distinct from the inner or real nature or condition. ΚΠ 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin xx. 1171 Obseruing happly the superficies and outward declaracion of the wordes but wresting and peruerting the inward sense. 1593 Tell-Trothes New-yeares Gift sig. D4 They that only haue entertained the superficies of loue. 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue iii. i. 187 I only lookt vpon the Superficies, I went no farther then the outward appearance. 1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 196. ⁋5 He who has seen only the superficies of life believes every thing to be what it appears. 1847 B. Disraeli Tancred I. ii. xiii. 284 He held that the state of England, notwithstanding the superficies of a material prosperity was one of impending doom. 1888 W. Pater Ess. from Guardian (1896) 106 What [his life] really most resembles, different as its superficies may look, is the career of those early mediæval religious artists. 1936 W. F. Taylor Hist. Amer. Lett. iii. iv. 179 In the superficies of romance, in the appeal of the rococo and exotic, he was little interested. 1996 E. Zimmerman Boundaries of Fiction ii. 84 Connecting chronologically disparate events..in a manner that reveals..an underlying meaning that is constant however much the superficies appear to change. 6. Something likened to a surface; the outer boundary or limit of an abstract entity. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun] > of something immaterial superficies1586 1586 E. Hoby tr. M. Coignet Polit. Disc. Trueth xvii. 73 We must not onely consider, the superficies and beginnyng of thinges, but to looke more inwardly what may happen in time. 1607 Fayre Mayde of Exchange i. C j b Anth... But what is loue? Frank. A voluntary motion of delight, Touching the superficies of the soule. 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 25 Greeke and Latine make not men valiant, nor are things that descend to the bottome of the soule, they scarce reach to the outermost superficies. a1658 J. Cleveland Committee in Wks. (1687) 209 The Type of Flesh and Bloud, the Skeleton And Superficies of a thing that's gone. a1700 T. Ken Edmund in Wks. (1721) II. 287 Those Thoughts..spread the Superficies of my Mind. 1774 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. 16 We must enter into the principles on which the work is wrought: these do not swim on the superficies, and consequently are not open to superficial observers. 1870 Day-star Apr. 90 In the expression the work he is thinking not so much of the ‘superficies’ of his work..as of the ‘centre’ of it all. 1920 G. S. Hall Morale xviii. 308 We need also sentiments at their best and distinct from a sentimentality that appeals only to the superficies of the mind. 1979 Ann. Rev. Anthropol. 8 282 Freud recognized that psychoanalytic investigations simply touch the superficies of creativity and genius. †7. The outward form or aspect of something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] onseneeOE bleea1000 shapeOE ylikeOE laitc1175 semblanta1225 sightc1275 fare1297 showingc1300 specea1325 parelc1330 guise1340 countenance1362 semblance?a1366 apparel1377 regardc1380 apparencec1384 imagec1384 spicec1384 overseeminga1398 kenninga1400 seemingc1400 visage1422 rinda1450 semenauntc1450 'pearance1456 outwardc1475 representation1489 favour?a1500 figurea1522 assemblant1523 prospect?1533 respect1535 visure1545 perceiverance1546 outwardshine1549 view1556 species1559 utter-shape1566 look1567 physiognomy1567 face1572 paintry1573 visor1575 mienc1586 superficies?1589 behaviour1590 aspect1594 complexion1597 confrontment1604 show1604 aira1616 beseeminga1616 formality1615 resemblancea1616 blush1620 upcomea1630 presentment1637 scheme1655 sensation1662 visibility1669 plumage1707 facies1727 remark1748 extrinsica1797 exterior1801 showance1820 the cut of one's jib1823 personnel1839 personal appearance1842 what-like1853 look-see1898 outwall1933 visuality1938 prosopon1947 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > mere appearance shroudc1175 frontc1374 appearancec1384 countenance?c1425 fard1540 show1547 habit1549 outside1578 glimpse1579 superficies?1589 species1598 out-term1602 paint1608 surface1613 superfice1615 umbrage1639 superficials1652 semblance1843 outer womana1845 outward man1846 patina1957 ?1589 T. Nashe Almond for Parrat sig. E^v The deuill..prouided a rustie superficies wherin to wrap him as soone as euer he was separated from his mothers wombe. 1612 N. Field Woman a Weather-cocke iii. ii Could Nature make So faire a superficies, to enclose So false a heart? 1638 D. Featley Transubstant. Exploded 56 You beleeve that Christ's body is contained under the superficies or accidents of bread. 1779 S. Johnson Waller in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets I. 92 His images [are] such as the superficies of nature readily supplies. 8. An outward show concealing the true nature of something; a cloak, a disguise. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > means of concealment > [noun] > mask, cloak, disguise visor1390 scugc1485 cloak1526 visor1532 vizarda1555 mask1577 superficiesa1592 muffler1605 umbrella1623 misguise1646 travesty1732 iron mask1760 domino1836 vizarding1861 a1592 R. Greene Orpharion (1599) 40 Then must we confesse that beauty is..to be esteemed aboue all things, as the very couer and superficies vnder which vertue lyes hid. 1612 J. Webster White Divel i. ii. 19 Her coynesse? thats but the superficies of lust most women have. 1713 J. Dunton Neck or Nothing 48 What Prince..cou'd ever see the Pretender, or Treason lye hid under the gilded Superficies of so much seeming Goodness? 1797 W. C. White Orlando ii. i. 18 The little superficies of a story, A villain's heart invented, ne'er can gain Sufficient strength to shake his constancy. 1913 J. Fuchs Conc. Jews of Frankfort in J. Fuchs tr. C. Roessler Five Frankforters 23 A steely consistency of will which loves to hide itself in social intercourse under a superficies of easy-going joviality. †9. A cursory account, a sketch. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > narration > description or act of describing > [noun] > outlining or sketching > sketch or brief description adumbration1552 specimen1665 sketch1668 superficies1670 silhouette1819 outline sketch1835 thumbnail1900 1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa iii. ii. 261 But all that I have said yet of the Election of the Pope, has been nothing but a meer superficies [It. superficie] of the policies of the Court. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1530
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