summonern.

Brit.

/ˈsʌmənə/, U.S.

/ˈsəmənər/

Forms:

α. Middle English semennere, Middle English somenere, Middle English somenor, Middle English somenour, Middle English somenowre, Middle English sommonour, Middle English somonor, Middle English somonour, Middle English somonowre, Middle English somunur, Middle English–1500s somoner, Middle English–1600s sommoner, late Middle English somenerere (transmission error), late Middle English somerour (transmission error), 1500s sommenor, 1500s– summoner, 1600s sumoner.

β. Middle English soumnere, Middle English sumnere, Middle English sumnowre, Middle English–1500s somnour, Middle English–1500s sumnour, Middle English 1600s sumnor, Middle English– somner, Middle English– sumner, 1500s sumnar, 1500s sunner (perhaps transmission error), 1500s–1600s summer (perhaps transmission error).

γ. Middle English sompnor, Middle English sumpnour, Middle English–1500s sompnere, Middle English–1500s (1800s– historical) sompnour, Middle English– sompner, 1500s–1600s sumpner.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French somenor.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman somenor, somenour, somoner, somonour, sumenour, somneur, somnour, sumnour (compare Old French somoneor , semoneor , Old French, Middle French semoneur ; Middle French, French †semonneur ) minor official who notifies a person to appear in court (c1100), (in extended use) person who issues an invitation (early 15th cent.) < the stem of somondre summon v. + -our -er suffix². Compare summonder n.Specific forms. The β. forms reflect loss of the unstressed medial vowel. The γ. forms (which do not have a parallel in French) reflect the development of an epenthetic glide consonant in the cluster -mn- . With forms in -or and -our compare -or suffix and -our suffix. Earlier use as surname. Attested earlier as a surname (frequently from the end of the 12th cent. in British sources, e.g. Robert le Sumonur (1199), Matthew le Sumener (1230), Milone le Sumenur (1246–7), William le Sumnir (1279)), although such early examples may reflect currency of the Anglo-Norman rather than the Middle English word.

†1. A bell, clapper, etc., used for summoning people to church. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

c1300 (c1280) Southern Passion (Harl. 2277) f. 5^v At tenebres tyme me wole men to churche bringe Wiþ stones & wiþ claperes, & no belle rinnge ffor þe somenours [a1325 Pepys 2344 sompnours] of holi churche.

a. A minor officer who notifies a person to appear in court (esp. an ecclesiastical court). Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > official who summons persons to court

summonera1325

sergeanta1330

summonderc1346

apparitor1593

summoning officer1720

warrant officer1895

α.

a1325 Statutes of Realm in MS Rawl. B.520 f. 55 That he be þanne þer to heren þe reconisaunce ant that thou habbe þere þe somunurs ant this writ.

c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 33 (MED) Be it comaunded be the same ballyves to doon sommon by good sommonours [1350 BL Add. 25012 somenours] the same iurrours, that they bene att the next gret court folewyng.

1529–30 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 349 Paid to a Somoner for Somenyng of M^r hiltons, preist ij d.

1651 tr. J. Kitchin Jurisdictions 561 The Defendant averrs that the summoners now returned were not the summoners in Precipe.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. iii. 279 Two of the sheriff's messengers called summoners.

1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake II. i. 9 Neither summoner nor sheriff of the king..could enter there.

1915 Mod. Lang. Notes 30 201 Special abuses of the office of summoner..of the ecclesiastical courts during the period 1580-96 may have led to the revival of good old stories about wicked summoners.

2017 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 28 July 7 Men of the cloth included summoners, pardoners, bishops, friars and monks.

β. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. ii. l. 46 For Sisours, for Sumnors [B text c1400 Laud 581 sompnours, c1450 Rawl. sumpnoures; C text c1400 Huntington HM 137 somners], for Sullers, for Buggers.1521 Coventry Leet-bk. 672 At suche tymes as they shal-be Reasonably warnyd by the somner.1608 T. Middleton Trick to catch Old-one ii. sig. C3^v They may do anything there man, and feare neither Beadle nor Somner.1776 J. Strutt Horda Angel-Cynnan III. 47 In his hand he [sc. a protestant] carries a taper of a pound weight, and behind the somner following, administers the cruel discipline.1887 H. Caine Deemster I. xii. 251 Next day the Bishop sent his sumner round the parish.1927 Chamber's Jrnl. May 325/2 The armourer and the wright, the husbandman and the somner.γ. 1377 in C. Fenwick Poll Taxes 1377, 1379 & 1381 (2001) II. 579/3 Willelmo Sompnour.c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. iii. l. 123 Sisours & sompnours, suche men hire preisiþ.c1415 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Corpus Oxf.) (1868) l. 543 Ther was..A Sompnour and a Pardoner also.1490–1 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 164 Paide to William Iames, Sompnour, for sompnyng of iij tenauntes that owed monye to the chyrch, x d.1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 45 The deuill in his conference with the Sompner.1717 J. Gay in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 147 The Sompner leudly hath his Prologue told, And saine on the Freer's his Tale japing and bold.1860 G. A. Macfarren Robin Hood i. 15 The monk within his cell Lives merrily, but not so well As the Sompnour, who at large can roam, And always makes himself at home.1957 Proc. Mass. Hist. Soc. 72 27 The Massachusetts colonists..did away with the familiar apparitors and sompnours of the ecclesiastical courts.1958 Seanchas Ardmhacha 3 214 The Primate's ‘Sompner’ was always to be the erenagh of Donaghriske.

b. Manx English. In form sumner. Originally: †an officer with the authority to compel a person into the service of the Lord of Mann at a low wage (obsolete). Later: a minor ecclesiastical official with various duties. Now historical and rare.

ΚΠ

1681 T. Denton Descr. Isle of Man in Yn Lior Manninagh (1899) 3 442 They have a Register and Sumoners in ye nature of apparators, and they hold their Ecclesiastical Courts quarterly.

a1731 G. Waldron Descr. Isle of Man 140 in Compl. Wks. (1731) An Officer.., called a Sumner, lays a Straw over his, or her Shoulder, and says, By virtue of this, you are Yarded for the Service of the Lord of Man.

1879 Isle of Man Times 31 May 5/3 His Worship directed the Sumner to adjourn the Court until 10 o'clock the following morning.

1934 W. W. Gill Manx Dial. ii. 123 Sumner (Summoner) was the Bishop's officer, whose duties..ranged from arresting delinquents..to expelling dogs from church on Sundays.

1957 Eng. Hist. Rev. 72 42 There was a general sumner for the whole island, and there were local sumners.

3. figurative. An abstract or inanimate agent which summons a person to come; that which summons something into existence, or causes it to occur or manifest.

ΚΠ

?1387 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Corpus Cambr.) (1967) 99 Men schulleþ be clepid wiþ þre somoners..þe firste is sekenesse; þe secunde is elde; and þe þridde is deþ.

a1400 Twelve Profits of Tribulation (Royal) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 52 (MED) Put þou not þerfore þi gode sommoners: for why hit is saied, 'mykel is worþi in citee a gode summoner'.

1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Ddddd.iv.^v When the hyghest somner of all, whiche is death, shall come, he wyll not be sayde naye.

1597 T. Middleton Wisdome of Solomon Paraphr. xvii. sig. X The darkesome clouds, are summoners of raine.

1629 W. Jeffray Picture of Patience 70 Affliction is a harsh Summoner, yet he summons thee to Glory.

1754 Admon. from Dead ix. 137 Let them pray to put off the dreadful Summoner's Call.

1895 Biblical World 5 49 His tambourine is..a summoner of spirits.

1928 Times 13 Oct. 13/4 It is..a patent blunder to use the same gong—or the same notes—as a summoner to varied activities.

2011 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 16 July (Review) 3 Thinking about the old days and the power of music as a summoner of those days.

4. A person who summons another to come to a particular place.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > summons or summoning > one who summons

lathera1175

citer1591

summonser1785

summoner1799

1799 C. B. Brown Ormond x. 110 He had not forgotten the awful charms of his summoner.

1832 A. E. Bray Let. in Descr. Part Devonshire (1836) I. x. 184 The summoner appeared to be a strange, squint-eyed,..old fellow.

1897 E. W. B. Nicholson Golspie 31 The minister..followed his summoner to the basement of the castle.

1981 N.Y. Times 28 Mar. a23 I have been summoned in the dead of night to a country house outside Washington. I know the summoner as D.

2016 New Yorker (Nexis) 16 May 24 His summoner was G. H. Hardy.

†5. A person who causes a summons (summons n. 2b) to be issued. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > summons > summoning or issuing of summons > one who takes out summons

summoner1865

1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 3 Aug. 10/1 If he will not appear..the summoner can bring an action against the doctor, should he lose his cause.

Derivatives

† summoner-like adv. Obsolete rare in a manner that resembles a summoner (sense 3).

ΚΠ

1650 J. Howell Addit. Lett. iii. 38 in Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 2) An enchanted staff which the Devill summoner like, was us'd to deliver som market-women to ride upon.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	summoner
释义	summonern. Brit. /ˈsʌmənə/, U.S. /ˈsəmənər/ Forms: α. Middle English semennere, Middle English somenere, Middle English somenor, Middle English somenour, Middle English somenowre, Middle English sommonour, Middle English somonor, Middle English somonour, Middle English somonowre, Middle English somunur, Middle English–1500s somoner, Middle English–1600s sommoner, late Middle English somenerere (transmission error), late Middle English somerour (transmission error), 1500s sommenor, 1500s– summoner, 1600s sumoner. β. Middle English soumnere, Middle English sumnere, Middle English sumnowre, Middle English–1500s somnour, Middle English–1500s sumnour, Middle English 1600s sumnor, Middle English– somner, Middle English– sumner, 1500s sumnar, 1500s sunner (perhaps transmission error), 1500s–1600s summer (perhaps transmission error). γ. Middle English sompnor, Middle English sumpnour, Middle English–1500s sompnere, Middle English–1500s (1800s– historical) sompnour, Middle English– sompner, 1500s–1600s sumpner. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French somenor. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman somenor, somenour, somoner, somonour, sumenour, somneur, somnour, sumnour (compare Old French somoneor , semoneor , Old French, Middle French semoneur ; Middle French, French †semonneur ) minor official who notifies a person to appear in court (c1100), (in extended use) person who issues an invitation (early 15th cent.) < the stem of somondre summon v. + -our -er suffix². Compare summonder n.Specific forms. The β. forms reflect loss of the unstressed medial vowel. The γ. forms (which do not have a parallel in French) reflect the development of an epenthetic glide consonant in the cluster -mn- . With forms in -or and -our compare -or suffix and -our suffix. Earlier use as surname. Attested earlier as a surname (frequently from the end of the 12th cent. in British sources, e.g. Robert le Sumonur (1199), Matthew le Sumener (1230), Milone le Sumenur (1246–7), William le Sumnir (1279)), although such early examples may reflect currency of the Anglo-Norman rather than the Middle English word. †1. A bell, clapper, etc., used for summoning people to church. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ c1300 (c1280) Southern Passion (Harl. 2277) f. 5^v At tenebres tyme me wole men to churche bringe Wiþ stones & wiþ claperes, & no belle rinnge ffor þe somenours [a1325 Pepys 2344 sompnours] of holi churche. 2. a. A minor officer who notifies a person to appear in court (esp. an ecclesiastical court). Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > official who summons persons to court summonera1325 sergeanta1330 summonderc1346 apparitor1593 summoning officer1720 warrant officer1895 α. a1325 Statutes of Realm in MS Rawl. B.520 f. 55 That he be þanne þer to heren þe reconisaunce ant that thou habbe þere þe somunurs ant this writ. c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 33 (MED) Be it comaunded be the same ballyves to doon sommon by good sommonours [1350 BL Add. 25012 somenours] the same iurrours, that they bene att the next gret court folewyng. 1529–30 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 349 Paid to a Somoner for Somenyng of M^r hiltons, preist ij d. 1651 tr. J. Kitchin Jurisdictions 561 The Defendant averrs that the summoners now returned were not the summoners in Precipe. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. iii. 279 Two of the sheriff's messengers called summoners. 1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake II. i. 9 Neither summoner nor sheriff of the king..could enter there. 1915 Mod. Lang. Notes 30 201 Special abuses of the office of summoner..of the ecclesiastical courts during the period 1580-96 may have led to the revival of good old stories about wicked summoners. 2017 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 28 July 7 Men of the cloth included summoners, pardoners, bishops, friars and monks. β. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. ii. l. 46 For Sisours, for Sumnors [B text c1400 Laud 581 sompnours, c1450 Rawl. sumpnoures; C text c1400 Huntington HM 137 somners], for Sullers, for Buggers.1521 Coventry Leet-bk. 672 At suche tymes as they shal-be Reasonably warnyd by the somner.1608 T. Middleton Trick to catch Old-one ii. sig. C3^v They may do anything there man, and feare neither Beadle nor Somner.1776 J. Strutt Horda Angel-Cynnan III. 47 In his hand he [sc. a protestant] carries a taper of a pound weight, and behind the somner following, administers the cruel discipline.1887 H. Caine Deemster I. xii. 251 Next day the Bishop sent his sumner round the parish.1927 Chamber's Jrnl. May 325/2 The armourer and the wright, the husbandman and the somner.γ. 1377 in C. Fenwick Poll Taxes 1377, 1379 & 1381 (2001) II. 579/3 Willelmo Sompnour.c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. iii. l. 123 Sisours & sompnours, suche men hire preisiþ.c1415 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Corpus Oxf.) (1868) l. 543 Ther was..A Sompnour and a Pardoner also.1490–1 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 164 Paide to William Iames, Sompnour, for sompnyng of iij tenauntes that owed monye to the chyrch, x d.1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 45 The deuill in his conference with the Sompner.1717 J. Gay in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 147 The Sompner leudly hath his Prologue told, And saine on the Freer's his Tale japing and bold.1860 G. A. Macfarren Robin Hood i. 15 The monk within his cell Lives merrily, but not so well As the Sompnour, who at large can roam, And always makes himself at home.1957 Proc. Mass. Hist. Soc. 72 27 The Massachusetts colonists..did away with the familiar apparitors and sompnours of the ecclesiastical courts.1958 Seanchas Ardmhacha 3 214 The Primate's ‘Sompner’ was always to be the erenagh of Donaghriske. b. Manx English. In form sumner. Originally: †an officer with the authority to compel a person into the service of the Lord of Mann at a low wage (obsolete). Later: a minor ecclesiastical official with various duties. Now historical and rare. ΚΠ 1681 T. Denton Descr. Isle of Man in Yn Lior Manninagh (1899) 3 442 They have a Register and Sumoners in ye nature of apparators, and they hold their Ecclesiastical Courts quarterly. a1731 G. Waldron Descr. Isle of Man 140 in Compl. Wks. (1731) An Officer.., called a Sumner, lays a Straw over his, or her Shoulder, and says, By virtue of this, you are Yarded for the Service of the Lord of Man. 1879 Isle of Man Times 31 May 5/3 His Worship directed the Sumner to adjourn the Court until 10 o'clock the following morning. 1934 W. W. Gill Manx Dial. ii. 123 Sumner (Summoner) was the Bishop's officer, whose duties..ranged from arresting delinquents..to expelling dogs from church on Sundays. 1957 Eng. Hist. Rev. 72 42 There was a general sumner for the whole island, and there were local sumners. 3. figurative. An abstract or inanimate agent which summons a person to come; that which summons something into existence, or causes it to occur or manifest. ΚΠ ?1387 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Corpus Cambr.) (1967) 99 Men schulleþ be clepid wiþ þre somoners..þe firste is sekenesse; þe secunde is elde; and þe þridde is deþ. a1400 Twelve Profits of Tribulation (Royal) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 52 (MED) Put þou not þerfore þi gode sommoners: for why hit is saied, 'mykel is worþi in citee a gode summoner'. 1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Ddddd.iv.^v When the hyghest somner of all, whiche is death, shall come, he wyll not be sayde naye. 1597 T. Middleton Wisdome of Solomon Paraphr. xvii. sig. X The darkesome clouds, are summoners of raine. 1629 W. Jeffray Picture of Patience 70 Affliction is a harsh Summoner, yet he summons thee to Glory. 1754 Admon. from Dead ix. 137 Let them pray to put off the dreadful Summoner's Call. 1895 Biblical World 5 49 His tambourine is..a summoner of spirits. 1928 Times 13 Oct. 13/4 It is..a patent blunder to use the same gong—or the same notes—as a summoner to varied activities. 2011 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 16 July (Review) 3 Thinking about the old days and the power of music as a summoner of those days. 4. A person who summons another to come to a particular place. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > summons or summoning > one who summons lathera1175 citer1591 summonser1785 summoner1799 1799 C. B. Brown Ormond x. 110 He had not forgotten the awful charms of his summoner. 1832 A. E. Bray Let. in Descr. Part Devonshire (1836) I. x. 184 The summoner appeared to be a strange, squint-eyed,..old fellow. 1897 E. W. B. Nicholson Golspie 31 The minister..followed his summoner to the basement of the castle. 1981 N.Y. Times 28 Mar. a23 I have been summoned in the dead of night to a country house outside Washington. I know the summoner as D. 2016 New Yorker (Nexis) 16 May 24 His summoner was G. H. Hardy. †5. A person who causes a summons (summons n. 2b) to be issued. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > summons > summoning or issuing of summons > one who takes out summons summoner1865 1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 3 Aug. 10/1 If he will not appear..the summoner can bring an action against the doctor, should he lose his cause. Derivatives † summoner-like adv. Obsolete rare in a manner that resembles a summoner (sense 3). ΚΠ 1650 J. Howell Addit. Lett. iii. 38 in Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 2) An enchanted staff which the Devill summoner like, was us'd to deliver som market-women to ride upon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1300
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