subtractionn.

Brit.

/səbˈtrakʃn/, U.S.

/səbˈtrækʃən/

Forms: late Middle English subtraccion, late Middle English subtraccioun, 1500s sotraccion, 1500s– subtraction; also Scottish pre-1700 subtractioun, pre-1700 subtractioune.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French subtraction; Latin subtraction-, subtractio.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman subtraccion, subtraccioun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French subtraction (Middle French, French soustraction substraction n.) action of taking away, withdrawal, removal (1155 in Old French, originally in specific sense ‘elision of a syllable in a word’), (in mathematics) action of taking one quantity from another (second half of the 13th cent.), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin subtraction-, subtractio withdrawal (Vulgate (Hebrews 10:39), translating Hellenistic Greek ὑποστολή : see hypostle n.), action of taking away, removal (3rd cent.), (in mathematics) action of taking one quantity from another (6th cent.), action of withholding (from 12th cent. in British sources), detraction (14th cent. in a British source) < classical Latin subtract- , past participial stem of subtrahere subtract v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian sottrazione (c1300; a1631 in mathematics). Compare later substraction n.In sense 4 after subtractor n. 4; compare substract v. 4.

†1. Withdrawal or removal of something or someone from a place. Obsolete.In quot. ?a1425: the letting of blood.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [noun] > removal or taking away

withdrawingc1315

remuingc1330

withdraught1340

taking awaya1382

discharginga1398

removinga1398

remotiona1425

subtraction?a1425

amovingc1443

taking offc1450

abstraction1467

way-taking1479

substracting1549

conveyance1567

sublation1567

remove1589

removal1595

exemption1598

substraction1601

supporting1608

amovement1618

subductiona1620

conveying1621

amolitiona1641

withdrawment1640

subducting1645

suffuration1651

summotion1653

amoval1657

withdraw1720

withdrawal1838

removement1846

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [noun] > retiring, withdrawing, or retreating

recoilc1330

retreata1393

subtraction?a1425

back-drawing1535

retirement1536

retiring1548

retraict1550

recess1561

retire1570

retiral1611

subducing1633

retiration1637

withdrawment1640

retirance1662

retreating1664

retraction1684

retreatment1721

withdrawal1824

back-pedalling1950

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 156 If..it be supposed þe blode for to be grosse, be þer made a large wounde..subtraccioun [L. substraccio]..& feblenez of vertue requireþ it for to be large.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 155 As in the subtraccion [L. subtractione] of Danes as vn to the maner and chaunce þer of croniclers make noo mencion [etc.].

a1525 (a1500) Sc. Troy Bk. (Douce) l. 369 in C. Horstmann Barbour's Legendensammlung (1882) II. 239/2 He..wylfully ine-to þat stede Hath grauntede þe subtractioune Of þat Relyk of gret renowne To Anthenor.

a. Mathematics. The process of taking one quantity or number from another to ascertain the remainder or difference; an instance of this. Also: the action or process of taking one group, matrix, set, etc., from another in order to obtain their difference.Cf. substraction n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > subtraction

subtraction?c1425

substraction?1558

?c1425 Crafte Nombrynge in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 10 Þou most know þat subtraccion is drawynge of one nowmber oute of anoþer nomber.

c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 36 Subtraccioun is of 2 proposede nombres, the fyndyng of the excesse of the more to the lasse.

1543 R. Record Ground of Artes i. sig. E.v Subtraction or rebatyng is nothyng els, but an arte to withdrawe and abate one summe from an other, that the remayner maye appere.

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xviii. sig. F j Nowe by subtraction subduce 100 from 120, there remayneth your diuisor 20.

1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion iv. Illustr. 73 Subtraction of this number, and, in some, addition..will rectifie many grosse absurdities in our Chronologies.

1668 tr. J. H. Rahn Introd. Algebra 4 The Sign for Subtraction is − i.e. Minus, or the Negative Sign.

1759 Monthly Rev. Nov. 394 As Subtraction is contrary to Addition, whatever has been proved in the one, is equally true in the other.

1798 C. Hutton Course Math. I. 12 To prove Subtraction, add the remainder to the less number.

1881 J. Venn Symbolic Logic ii. 61 This process of exception or subtraction always presupposes that the class excepted is a part (formally or materially) of the class from which it is excepted.

1910 Encycl. Brit. II. 538/2 We..perform the subtractions independently, and then regroup the results as the remainder.

1989 Math. Gaz. 73 135 When the operations of matrix addition, subtraction, multiplication and inversing have been done some pupils wonder whether other arithmetic operations are possible with matrices.

2006 A. Ash & R. Gross Fearless Symmetry viii. 91 Solving equations expressed in terms solely of the four operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

b. figurative and in extended use. Deduction, removal, taking away.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > [noun]

defalking1475

deduction1496

defeasance1516

detraction1528

subtraction1534

subduction1555

abating1557

ademption1590

subtracting1611

defalcation1624

retractiona1636

abate1646

deducing1651

dockage1886

1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Tullyes Offyces i. sig. D.4 That we maye be as good accompters of our offyces and dutyes, and se bothe in addycion and subtraction [L. et addendo deducendoque videre] what somme maye surmounte of the remaynes.

1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. ii. 107 The Plasterer doth make his Figures by Addition, and the Carver by Subtraction.

1738 T. Birch App. Life Milton I. 72 By comparing it with his other Account, we shall perceive..that there is not an entire Agreement in any one of the Paragraphs, but there are either Alterations, or Additions, or Subtractions, or Contradictions.

1827 P. Cunningham Two Years New S. Wales II. xxxiv. 338 The gift of a single million out of this vast amount is about as insignificant as the subtraction of a grain of wheat from a peck measure.

1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. xiii. §1. 723 From it all the varieties of organized products might be obtained, by the addition or subtraction of water, oxygen, and ammonia.

1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 7 The world can endure the subtraction of even a justice of the peace with provoking equanimity.

1904 C. R. Van Hise Treat. Metamorphism (U.S. Geol. Surv.) 204 Dehydration is the subtraction of water from hydroxides.

1970 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 80 205 These images are scanned with a video technique and the magnetic image is derived by electronic subtraction.

1993 F. R. Trombley Hellenic Relig. & Christianization I. 252 The later text variants are abbreviated by the subtraction of a word here or there.

3. Frequently with of. The withdrawal or withholding of something beneficial, useful, or valuable, or of something to which another person is entitled; an instance of this. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > loss > taking away > [noun]

benimminga1400

subtraction1474

alienation1583

ademption1590

substraction1601

the mind > possession > loss > taking away > [noun] > withdrawal of something previously had

withdrawingc1315

withdraught1340

subtraction1474

substraction1536

subductiona1620

withdrawal1839

1474 in J. Raine Priory of Hexham (1864) I. App. p. cvi (MED) We have made in plee at ye court of Rome for our celle..and subtraccion of our catall by ye thefez of Tyndale.

a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 53 He þat is tauȝt wiþ þe ȝifte of grace, and lerned wiþ þe betyng of subtraccion [L. subtractionis verbere].

1540 R. Taverner Princ. Lawes Customes & Estatutes Eng. f. 67^v Euery iudge ecclesiasticall..shal adiudge costes to the other partie vpon euery appeale to be made in any sute or cause of subtraction or detention of any tithes or offeringes.

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. ii. f. 9 This plaige of subtractioun of grace.

1598 in T. G. Law Archpriest Controv. (1896) I. 96 By y^e addicions & sotraccions affirmacions & negacions, etc., of the particul^rs of his autority.

a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 163 A subtraction or diminution of the maintenance of studied Divines.

1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 21 in Justice Vindicated Ecclesiastical laws relate to..subtraction and right of tythes, oblations, &c.

1706 M. Geddes Misc. Tracts III. 128 The Subtraction of her Obedience from Benedict, should be no ways prejudiced by him.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. iii. 231 The subtraction or non-observance of any of these conditions, by neglecting to swear fealty, to do suit of court, [etc.] is an injury to the freehold of the lord.

1833 G. Waddington Hist. Church xxiii. 524 The party in France, which for some time had been opposed to the subtraction of obedience..declared its adhesion.

1893 Irish Law Times 10 June 280/2 The case of The Commissioners of Sewers v. Gellatley was..founded on tort; subtraction of service to a mill is tort.

1902 F. Wood Govt. & State iii. 194 There is a forfeiture to the extent of certain rights, and the governmental security as to these rights is withdrawn. This subtraction of rights should follow only upon such forfeiture.

1977 Studia Hibernica 17 154 The affected parson could..bring suit in a spiritual court for subtraction of tithes.

2000 H. Kaminsky in New Cambr. Medieval Hist. VI. 690 247 [members of the Council of Paris] voted for immediate subtraction of total obedience until Benedict should have accepted the via cessionis.

†4. Detraction, depreciation. Cf. subtractor n. 4. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > disparagement or depreciation > [noun]

detraction1340

misspeaking?a1425

lightlying1451

obtrectationa1500

derogation1520

disparaging1528

vilipending1566

detractation1570

detracting1572

disprize1575

downcrying1575

lessening1579

diminution1586

disparagement1591

disvalue1605

undervalue1615

disvaluation1617

decrying1633

undervaluation1635

disvaluinga1639

vilipendency1653

undervaluing1656

decry1686

depreciating1705

decrial1711

depreciation1790

subtraction1812

belittling1837

to give one a back-cap1883

marginalizing1977

trash talk1981

negging1996

1812 S. T. Coleridge Let. 2 May (1959) III. 396 Except on this one point no word of reproach, or even of subtraction from his good name, as a good man,..ever escaped me.

1890 Cent. Mag. 39 624/2 Of Shakspere he [sc. Emerson] talked much, and always without a word of subtraction.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	subtraction
释义	subtractionn. Brit. /səbˈtrakʃn/, U.S. /səbˈtrækʃən/ Forms: late Middle English subtraccion, late Middle English subtraccioun, 1500s sotraccion, 1500s– subtraction; also Scottish pre-1700 subtractioun, pre-1700 subtractioune. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French subtraction; Latin subtraction-, subtractio. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman subtraccion, subtraccioun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French subtraction (Middle French, French soustraction substraction n.) action of taking away, withdrawal, removal (1155 in Old French, originally in specific sense ‘elision of a syllable in a word’), (in mathematics) action of taking one quantity from another (second half of the 13th cent.), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin subtraction-, subtractio withdrawal (Vulgate (Hebrews 10:39), translating Hellenistic Greek ὑποστολή : see hypostle n.), action of taking away, removal (3rd cent.), (in mathematics) action of taking one quantity from another (6th cent.), action of withholding (from 12th cent. in British sources), detraction (14th cent. in a British source) < classical Latin subtract- , past participial stem of subtrahere subtract v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian sottrazione (c1300; a1631 in mathematics). Compare later substraction n.In sense 4 after subtractor n. 4; compare substract v. 4. †1. Withdrawal or removal of something or someone from a place. Obsolete.In quot. ?a1425: the letting of blood. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [noun] > removal or taking away withdrawingc1315 remuingc1330 withdraught1340 taking awaya1382 discharginga1398 removinga1398 remotiona1425 subtraction?a1425 amovingc1443 taking offc1450 abstraction1467 way-taking1479 substracting1549 conveyance1567 sublation1567 remove1589 removal1595 exemption1598 substraction1601 supporting1608 amovement1618 subductiona1620 conveying1621 amolitiona1641 withdrawment1640 subducting1645 suffuration1651 summotion1653 amoval1657 withdraw1720 withdrawal1838 removement1846 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [noun] > retiring, withdrawing, or retreating recoilc1330 retreata1393 subtraction?a1425 back-drawing1535 retirement1536 retiring1548 retraict1550 recess1561 retire1570 retiral1611 subducing1633 retiration1637 withdrawment1640 retirance1662 retreating1664 retraction1684 retreatment1721 withdrawal1824 back-pedalling1950 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 156 If..it be supposed þe blode for to be grosse, be þer made a large wounde..subtraccioun [L. substraccio]..& feblenez of vertue requireþ it for to be large. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 155 As in the subtraccion [L. subtractione] of Danes as vn to the maner and chaunce þer of croniclers make noo mencion [etc.]. a1525 (a1500) Sc. Troy Bk. (Douce) l. 369 in C. Horstmann Barbour's Legendensammlung (1882) II. 239/2 He..wylfully ine-to þat stede Hath grauntede þe subtractioune Of þat Relyk of gret renowne To Anthenor. 2. a. Mathematics. The process of taking one quantity or number from another to ascertain the remainder or difference; an instance of this. Also: the action or process of taking one group, matrix, set, etc., from another in order to obtain their difference.Cf. substraction n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > subtraction subtraction?c1425 substraction?1558 ?c1425 Crafte Nombrynge in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 10 Þou most know þat subtraccion is drawynge of one nowmber oute of anoþer nomber. c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 36 Subtraccioun is of 2 proposede nombres, the fyndyng of the excesse of the more to the lasse. 1543 R. Record Ground of Artes i. sig. E.v Subtraction or rebatyng is nothyng els, but an arte to withdrawe and abate one summe from an other, that the remayner maye appere. ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xviii. sig. F j Nowe by subtraction subduce 100 from 120, there remayneth your diuisor 20. 1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion iv. Illustr. 73 Subtraction of this number, and, in some, addition..will rectifie many grosse absurdities in our Chronologies. 1668 tr. J. H. Rahn Introd. Algebra 4 The Sign for Subtraction is − i.e. Minus, or the Negative Sign. 1759 Monthly Rev. Nov. 394 As Subtraction is contrary to Addition, whatever has been proved in the one, is equally true in the other. 1798 C. Hutton Course Math. I. 12 To prove Subtraction, add the remainder to the less number. 1881 J. Venn Symbolic Logic ii. 61 This process of exception or subtraction always presupposes that the class excepted is a part (formally or materially) of the class from which it is excepted. 1910 Encycl. Brit. II. 538/2 We..perform the subtractions independently, and then regroup the results as the remainder. 1989 Math. Gaz. 73 135 When the operations of matrix addition, subtraction, multiplication and inversing have been done some pupils wonder whether other arithmetic operations are possible with matrices. 2006 A. Ash & R. Gross Fearless Symmetry viii. 91 Solving equations expressed in terms solely of the four operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. b. figurative and in extended use. Deduction, removal, taking away. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > [noun] defalking1475 deduction1496 defeasance1516 detraction1528 subtraction1534 subduction1555 abating1557 ademption1590 subtracting1611 defalcation1624 retractiona1636 abate1646 deducing1651 dockage1886 1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Tullyes Offyces i. sig. D.4 That we maye be as good accompters of our offyces and dutyes, and se bothe in addycion and subtraction [L. et addendo deducendoque videre] what somme maye surmounte of the remaynes. 1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. ii. 107 The Plasterer doth make his Figures by Addition, and the Carver by Subtraction. 1738 T. Birch App. Life Milton I. 72 By comparing it with his other Account, we shall perceive..that there is not an entire Agreement in any one of the Paragraphs, but there are either Alterations, or Additions, or Subtractions, or Contradictions. 1827 P. Cunningham Two Years New S. Wales II. xxxiv. 338 The gift of a single million out of this vast amount is about as insignificant as the subtraction of a grain of wheat from a peck measure. 1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. xiii. §1. 723 From it all the varieties of organized products might be obtained, by the addition or subtraction of water, oxygen, and ammonia. 1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 7 The world can endure the subtraction of even a justice of the peace with provoking equanimity. 1904 C. R. Van Hise Treat. Metamorphism (U.S. Geol. Surv.) 204 Dehydration is the subtraction of water from hydroxides. 1970 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 80 205 These images are scanned with a video technique and the magnetic image is derived by electronic subtraction. 1993 F. R. Trombley Hellenic Relig. & Christianization I. 252 The later text variants are abbreviated by the subtraction of a word here or there. 3. Frequently with of. The withdrawal or withholding of something beneficial, useful, or valuable, or of something to which another person is entitled; an instance of this. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > loss > taking away > [noun] benimminga1400 subtraction1474 alienation1583 ademption1590 substraction1601 the mind > possession > loss > taking away > [noun] > withdrawal of something previously had withdrawingc1315 withdraught1340 subtraction1474 substraction1536 subductiona1620 withdrawal1839 1474 in J. Raine Priory of Hexham (1864) I. App. p. cvi (MED) We have made in plee at ye court of Rome for our celle..and subtraccion of our catall by ye thefez of Tyndale. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 53 He þat is tauȝt wiþ þe ȝifte of grace, and lerned wiþ þe betyng of subtraccion [L. subtractionis verbere]. 1540 R. Taverner Princ. Lawes Customes & Estatutes Eng. f. 67^v Euery iudge ecclesiasticall..shal adiudge costes to the other partie vpon euery appeale to be made in any sute or cause of subtraction or detention of any tithes or offeringes. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. ii. f. 9 This plaige of subtractioun of grace. 1598 in T. G. Law Archpriest Controv. (1896) I. 96 By y^e addicions & sotraccions affirmacions & negacions, etc., of the particul^rs of his autority. a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 163 A subtraction or diminution of the maintenance of studied Divines. 1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 21 in Justice Vindicated Ecclesiastical laws relate to..subtraction and right of tythes, oblations, &c. 1706 M. Geddes Misc. Tracts III. 128 The Subtraction of her Obedience from Benedict, should be no ways prejudiced by him. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. iii. 231 The subtraction or non-observance of any of these conditions, by neglecting to swear fealty, to do suit of court, [etc.] is an injury to the freehold of the lord. 1833 G. Waddington Hist. Church xxiii. 524 The party in France, which for some time had been opposed to the subtraction of obedience..declared its adhesion. 1893 Irish Law Times 10 June 280/2 The case of The Commissioners of Sewers v. Gellatley was..founded on tort; subtraction of service to a mill is tort. 1902 F. Wood Govt. & State iii. 194 There is a forfeiture to the extent of certain rights, and the governmental security as to these rights is withdrawn. This subtraction of rights should follow only upon such forfeiture. 1977 Studia Hibernica 17 154 The affected parson could..bring suit in a spiritual court for subtraction of tithes. 2000 H. Kaminsky in New Cambr. Medieval Hist. VI. 690 247 [members of the Council of Paris] voted for immediate subtraction of total obedience until Benedict should have accepted the via cessionis. †4. Detraction, depreciation. Cf. subtractor n. 4. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > disparagement or depreciation > [noun] detraction1340 misspeaking?a1425 lightlying1451 obtrectationa1500 derogation1520 disparaging1528 vilipending1566 detractation1570 detracting1572 disprize1575 downcrying1575 lessening1579 diminution1586 disparagement1591 disvalue1605 undervalue1615 disvaluation1617 decrying1633 undervaluation1635 disvaluinga1639 vilipendency1653 undervaluing1656 decry1686 depreciating1705 decrial1711 depreciation1790 subtraction1812 belittling1837 to give one a back-cap1883 marginalizing1977 trash talk1981 negging1996 1812 S. T. Coleridge Let. 2 May (1959) III. 396 Except on this one point no word of reproach, or even of subtraction from his good name, as a good man,..ever escaped me. 1890 Cent. Mag. 39 624/2 Of Shakspere he [sc. Emerson] talked much, and always without a word of subtraction. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?a1425
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