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单词 sucrose
释义

sucrosen.

Brit. /ˈs(j)uːkrəʊz/, /ˈs(j)uːkrəʊs/, U.S. /ˈsuˌkroʊs/, /ˈsuˌkroʊz/
Origin: A borrowing from French, combined with an English element. Etymons: French sucre , -ose suffix2.
Etymology: < French sucre sugar n. + -ose suffix2.Compare French sucrose (1866 or earlier).
Chemistry.
1. A white crystalline sugar which occurs widely in plants and is the chief component of cane and beet sugar; (also) a substituted derivative of this compound.White table sugar is refined sucrose.Sucrose is a disaccharide containing glucose and fructose units, and is optically active, having a structure described by the systematic name α- d-glucopyranosyl-(1,2)-β- d-fructofuranoside. Formula: C12H22O11.
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the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > sucrose
sucrose1857
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > oligosaccharides > [noun] > disaccharides > sucrose
sucrose1857
saccharose1876
1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. ii. 54 Cane sugar or Sucrose (C12H11O11).—This variety of sugar is chiefly obtained from the sugar cane.
1888 C. L. Bloxam Chem. (ed. 6) 644 Sucrose fuses at 160°C. (320°F.), and does not crystallize on cooling.
1903 A. J. Walker & O. E. Mott tr. A. F. Holleman Text-bk. Org. Chem. i. 274 On hydrolysis sucrose yields d-glucose and d-fructose in equal proportions.
1958 R. W. Schwartz & J. W. Perry Surface Active Agents II. v. 163 The polymers of allyl sucrose and various modified allyl sucroses..have also been converted to nonionic surfactants by reaction with ethylene oxide.
1980 C. W. Spangler Org. Chem. i. xii. 248 Lactose and sucrose are two of the more common disaccharides.
1991 M. L. Martin & G. J. Martin in U. Fleischer et al. Deuterium & Shift Calculation (NMR 23) vii. 51 Once sucroses or starches, for example, have been completely fermented into ethanol, it is no longer easy to determine whether the ethanol comes from maize, malt, potato, or grape.
2016 Guardian (Nexis) 4 Apr. (Science section) They also discovered that the cyclists found exercise easier—and their gut felt better—when they ingested sucrose rather than glucose.
2. Any sugar having the composition C12H22O11; a disaccharide. Obsolete.
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the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > oligosaccharides > [noun] > disaccharides > saccharose
parasaccharose1866
sucrose1866
saccharose1876
1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxxvii. 322 They [sc. saccharine and amylaceous bodies] may be divided into three classes: (1) Sucroses, or the sugars proper; (2) Glucoses, or the grape sugars; (3) Amyloses, or starch and woody fibre.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 200 The sucroses..cane-sugar, maltose, and lactose.
1918 M. A. Perry Essent. Dietetics iv. 40 Sugars may be subdivided into two classes, sucroses and glucoses. Cane, malt, beet and milk sugar are sucroses.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as sucrose molecule, sucrose solution, etc.
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1878 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 8 213/1 An important point we have to avoid in the preparation of these [syrups] is invertion [sic], i.e., the breaking up of the sucrose molecule..into two molecules of glucose.
1887 Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Chem. No. 14 180 A normal sucrose solution..was made up.
1904 Internat. Sugar Jrnl. 6 438 A factor with which the sucrose content of the first mill juice ought to be multiplied in order to yield the average sucrose content of the cane.
1949 Science 11 Feb. 140 (title) The identity and sequence of the intermediates in sucrose synthesis.
1968 New Phytologist 67 529 The terminal fructosyl group of the trisaccharide is transferred to a sucrose molecule.
2009 Australian (Nexis) 21 Jan. 31 Adult Australian green-head ants were offered sucrose solutions of strengths ranging from weak to strong.
C2.
sucrose density gradient n. = sucrose gradient n.
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the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > centrifugation techniques
sucrose gradient1928
sucrose density gradient1947
1947 Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 1 362 Friedewald & Pickels.., by centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient so as to reduce convection, noted differences between PR8 and Lee strains.
1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 21 Mar. 667/2 The immunoreactive material sedimented in a sucrose-density gradient with a velocity similar to that of bovine PTH.
2004 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 10 11804/2 HPLC-purified APF was fractionated by high-speed electrofocusing in a pH 2-10 sucrose density gradient.
sucrose gradient n. a gradient in the concentration of sucrose in a medium.Sucrose gradients are often produced in order to prevent convection currents in electrophoresis and other techniques.
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the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > centrifugation techniques
sucrose gradient1928
sucrose density gradient1947
1928 Ann. Bot. 42 252 Variations in rate of transport of sugar into the boll are significantly correlated with variations in sucrose gradient from bark to boll.
1944 Jrnl. Exper. Med. 79 304 Concurrent experiments..performed without the protective action of a sucrose gradient showed no indication of a sedimentation boundary.
2007 E. Thompson Mind in Life iv. 74 When swimming in the presence of a sucrose gradient, these cells will tumble about until they hit upon an orientation that increases their exposure to sucrose.
sucrose phosphate n. any compound in which sucrose is bonded to one or more phosphate groups; a derivative of such a compound. [In quot. 1910 calcium sucrose-phosphate translates German Calciumsaccharophosphat (1910 in the paper reviewed).]
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the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > esters > [noun] > named > phosphate esters
tricresyl phosphate1882
sucrose phosphate1910
tributyl phosphate1930
1910 Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 15 Mar. 291/1 The mixture of calcium chloride and calcium sucrose-phosphate..is repeatedly dissolved in water and poured into alcohol to remove the former salt.
1956 E. I. Rabinowitch Photosynthesis II. xxxvi. 1703 Phosphoglyceric acid,..hexose phosphates, heptose phosphate and sucrose phosphate have all been found among the early tagged products of photosynthesis.
1991 R. A. Molins Phosphates in Food vi. 180 The use of calcium sucrose phosphates in bread, pastry, and biscuits has been approved in certain countries for prevention of teeth decay.
2013 L. Bye et al. Basic Sci. for Ophthalmol. v. 159/2 Chlamydia is isolated from swabs transported in sucrose phosphate medium and inoculated on to McCoy cells.
sucrose phosphorylase n. a bacterial enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of sucrose, ultimately producing glucose-1-phosphate and fructose.
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1943 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 151 360 It is possible to obtain active preparations of sucrose phosphorylase relatively free of invertase and phosphatase.
1977 Jrnl. Molecular Catalysis 2 453 The interest in sucrose phosphorylase lies in the fact that a stable and re-usable insoluble preparation can be useful for both preparative and analytical purposes.
2010 Biotechnol. Jrnl. 5 1192 Sucrose phosphorylase is an interesting biocatalyst that can glycosylate a variety of small molecules using sucrose as a cheap but efficient donor substrate.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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