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单词 subservient
释义

subservientadj.n.

Brit. /səbˈsəːvɪənt/, U.S. /səbˈsərviənt/
Forms: 1600s subseruient, 1600s subserviant, 1600s– subservient.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin subservient-, subserviēns, subservīre.
Etymology: < classical Latin subservient-, subserviēns, present participle of subservīre subserve v. Compare Middle French subservan (past participle) useful, profitable (1452 in an isolated attestation), Portuguese subserviente (1690). With use as noun compare post-classical Latin subserviens under-servant (14th cent. in British sources). Compare earlier subserve v.With the form subserviant compare -ant suffix1.
A. adj.
1. Acting or serving in a subordinate capacity; subordinate, subject. Frequently with to.
a. Of a thing.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [adjective] > subservient
subordinatec1449
subservient1604
subserving1621
1604 F. Bacon Certaine Considerations Church of Eng. sig. E4v And therefore by that which most principall and finall to be left vndone, for the attending of those which is subseruient and subministrant, seemeth to bee against proportion of reason.
1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 11 Copies out from the borrow'd manuscript of a subservient scrowl.
1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther i. 6 Superiour faculties are set aside, Shall their subservient organs be my guide?
1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 17 Most Criticks fond of some subservient Art, Still make the Whole depend upon a Part.
1797 M. Robinson Walsingham II. xxiv. 19 Reason is sometimes subservient to our caprices; but the noblest passions of the human breast triumph in union with virtue.
1864 E. B. Pusey Daniel ii. 88 Antiochus Epiphanes..directed against God what was to be subservient to God.
1870 B. Disraeli Lothair (new ed.) xii Assuming that religion was true..then religion should be the principal occupation of man, to which all other pursuits should be subservient.
1943 Gloss. Terms Electr. Engin. (B.S.I.) 52 Master switch or circuit-breaker, a switch or circuit-breaker to which the operation or function of one or more other switches is subservient.
1994 Amer. Spectator Feb. 103/2 Clinton is trying to make federal regulation as subservient to the executive as the Arkansas Securities Commission was.
b. Of a person.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > [adjective]
underheilda1300
underlouta1300
underling?1370
subjecta1382
obeisantc1390
obedienta1398
subditc1430
subordinatec1485
subjugal?c1500
liablec1571
subaltern1581
regardant1583
obnoxious1591
vassal1594
servient1606
subservient1638
succumbent1647
ancillary1667
secondary1667
supposite1677
discretional1776
obedientiary1794
heteronomousa1871
satellite1882
1638 H. I. tr. R. F. R. Bellarmino Jacob's Ladder To Rdr. sig. A2 The Angels themselves, and Principalities were ordayned to be subservient to him.
1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety ii. 32 Can we think he will be patient thus to be made subservient to his enemy?
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 50 That the Queen might have solely that Power, and he only be Subservient to her.
1711 G. Hickes Two Treat. (ed. 3) ii. 78 The Deacons as subservient inferiour Ministers.
1721 M. Prior Predestination in Wks. (1907) II. 347 Is God subservient to his own Decree?
1787 Eng. Rev. Aug. 153 These men..were under engagements to assent to the inclinations of the English, and to be subservient to that interest.
1840 G. L. Craik et al. Pict. Hist. Eng. III. vii. 514/1 Cromwell had fifty thousand of these invincible veteran soldiers at his back, and completely subservient to his will.
1880 ‘V. Lee’ Stud. 18th Cent. Italy iii. i. 73 They wanted the singer to remain subservient to the composer.
1922 C. Platt Psychol. Social Life ii. xii. 231 With Hegel, the government is social, and the individual has no political rights; in all things political he is subservient to the state.
1990 Daughters of Sarah Mar. 22/1 She was subservient to her parents, as were her brothers.
c. Law. Of property: subordinate to a person other than its owner or to a property owned by another. Cf. servient adj. 1, servitude n. 3a.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal obligation > [adjective] > in subserviency of property
subservient1681
1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. i. xvi. 327 Personal Servitudes are, whereby the property of one is subservient to the person of another.
1788 G. Edwards Aggrandisem. Great Brit. II. v. 244 We intend land to be subservient.
1884 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 25 580 The mortgagees of C, D, and E..acquiesced in those blocks being made subservient to the adjoining block B.
1922 Southwestern Rep. 221 312/1 Appellant, as the owner of the dominant estate, is entitled to have appellees enjoined from using the subservient estate.
1997 D. Lovejoy Spon's Landscape Handbk. (ed. 4) 31 Access to Neighbouring Land Act 1992... Allows a person on the dominant land to obtain a Court order for access to neighbouring (subservient) land to carry out essential building.
2. That is of use or service as an instrument or means; serving as a means to further an end, object, or purpose; serviceable.
a. With to (a person, thing, process, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adjective] > instrumental
instrumentala1398
mediate?1504
organic1509
ministerial?1544
instrumentaryc1595
organical1605
subservient1624
ministering1886
1624 Bp. F. White Replie to Iesuit Fishers Answere 266 Worshipping of images is forbidden,..but making them is forbidden (onely) when it is a meanes subseruient to worship.
1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 55 The spirits..subservient to the imagination in the Brain.
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. ix. 62 Ideas, which we may..suppose may be introduced into the Minds of Children in the Womb, subservient to the necessity of their Life..there.
1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. xi. 208 Self-love may prevail and exert itself in a Degree or Manner which is not subservient to this End.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) II. xviii. 99 The arts of fraud were made subservient to the designs of cruelty.
1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 344/2 Continuous air-receptacles..subservient to the function of respiration.
1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight ii. 18 All the other structures of the eye may be considered subservient to this one [sc. the retina].
1922 J. K. Reeve Writer's Bk. (ed. 5) 213 In a single sentence every part should be subservient to one principal affirmation.
1977 A. A. Hoekema in Meaning of Millennium 186 All of history is under Christ's control and will ultimately prove to have been subservient to his purpose.
2010 M. Hirsh Capital Offense xvi. 293 Finance had become the end, and the real economy was subservient to financial services.
b. With to and infinitive or preposition with gerund. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1624 Bp. F. White Replie to Iesuit Fishers Answere 90 The Church hath no perpetuall Traditions, but such as are..subseruient to maintaine the faith, veritie, and authoritie of the holy Scriptures, and the doctrine thereof.
1668 J. Dryden Of Dramatick Poesie 31 They dwell upon him, and his concernments, while the rest of the persons are onely subservient to set him off.
1714 R. Fiddes Pract. Disc. (ed. 2) II. 145 Persons who are subservient in this respect towards promoting the honour of God.
1721 E. Young Revenge iii. i This is a good subservient artifice, To aid the nobler workings of my brain.
1755 T. Smollett tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote I. iv. ii. 209 In making you subservient in facilitating our success.
1795 J. Walker Elem. Geogr. (ed. 2) viii. 145 The fins seem subservient in steering the animal.
1833 Thomsonian Recorder 25 Mar. 293/1 The bones..give strength to the whole machine, and are subservient to aid and direct the motions of a living moving body.
c. Without construction.
ΚΠ
1624 Bp. F. White Replie to Iesuit Fishers Answere 438 Sence and reason are not repugnant to diuine veritie, but subseruient.
1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 173 They are not in the number of them that perform an action, but of those that are subservient.
1661 J. Fell Life Hammond 112 Scarce ever reading any thing which he did not make subservient in one kinde or other.
1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra ii. i. §34 While we are awake, we feel none of all those Motions, which are continually made, in the disposal of the Corporeal Principles Subservient herein.
1753 J. Hill Observ. Greek & Rom. Classics iv. 210 You will wonder that those who were able to carry its noblest part so high, neglected cultivating, though subservient and necessary, the less important considerations.
1806 Literary Panorama Dec. 617 The principal character was that of a merchant... Another leading event in the fable was, the sudden acquisition of a fortune by a Devonshire rustic... The other characters were subservient.
1892 Hartford Seminary Rec. Aug. 208 In the kindergarten, evidently, the book is subservient and the teacher preeminent.
1908 A. W. Bromley in Professional & Amateur Photographer July 297 Everything else must be of a subservient and auxiliary character whose object is to fill the background or help to convey the main idea.
1991 A. Rambachan Accomplishing Accomplished ii. 52 When the texts are properly analyzed, we find that such passages are intended for instruction about brahman. They are not independent passages but subservient and linked to those discussing brahman.
3. Of a person, action, etc.: characterized by or displaying an attitude of slavish submission; servile, obsequious.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > servility > [adjective]
go-by-ground?a1300
thrall1398
abjectc1430
manly?c1430
servicious1440
serviceable1483
servile1537
tame1563
slavish1565
demiss1572
submissive1572
cringing1579
fawning1585
incrouching?1593
vassal1594
scraping1599
obsequious1602
spaniel1606
observing1609
deprostrate1610
supplea1616
vernile1623
shrugging1629
wormy1640
compliable1641
thrall-like1641
obeisant1642
inservient1646
truckling1656
cringeling1693
benecking1705
subservient1714
footman-like1776
bingeing1805
sidling1821
toadying1863
crawlsome1904
toadyish1909
crawling1941
ass-kissing1942
1714 E. Ward Hudribrastick Brewer 28 They appoint subservient Nizies To vend their Stum at Under-Prices.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho IV. x. 198 Emily was..disgusted by the subservient manners of many persons.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. vii. 115 The foreigner came here, poor, beggarly, cringing, and subservient.
1839 G. P. R. James Louis XIV IV. 251 He contrived to ally this subservient flattery to a degree of intemperate vehemence towards Louis.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §2. 472 The lawyers had been subservient beyond all other classes to the Crown.
1919 Times 17 Apr. 13/2 The Times will continue undeviatingly to pursue its course, looking neither to the left or right,..respecting no persons, being subservient to none.
1966 L. Fermi Mussolini iv. xxiii. 437 Mussolini..had reverted to his humble origins and clumsily bowed in subservient fashion before the man he had once considered his pupil.
2010 W. Peterson Trav. Wannabe Cowboy vii. 114 The village elders..expected newcomers, especially those from foreign lands, to be properly obsequious and subservient.
B. n.
A subservient person or thing. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > [noun] > one subject to authority
underlingc1175
subjectc1330
underloutc1340
undermana1400
ledec1400
undererc1449
subjectary?c1500
footstool1531
suppost1547
ditionary1555
justiciable1595
governeda1599
subsistent1598
subordinate1603
subservient1643
sub1653
subjugate1773
under-sawyer1864
directee1928
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [noun] > subservient
adjective1597
subordinate1638
subservient1643
sideshow1846
1643 T. Barton Aντιτειχισμα i. 3 The efficient; and materiall will be next; The subservient after.
a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) iv. viii. 736 Honours, Grandeur, Power, and Wealth, they are but so many subservients to the acquiring or performing of the good of Sense.
1747 W. Douglass Summary State Brit. Settlements N.-Amer. I. iv. 227 Industry and Frugality in all Subservients, is requisite.
1826 W. Bailey Rec. Patriotism & Love of Country 208 I well know how angry these subservients and dependents are with us.
1867 D. Page Man 143 The primitive notion that this earth was the centre of the universe, and the sun, moon, and stars, formed merely to be its subservients.
1898 G. Meredith Odes French Hist. 35 The fair subservient of Imperial Fact.
1914 T. D. West Efficient Man i. iv. 44 A supervisor..may frequently discern it absolutely necessary to be very discreet and dexterous in applying to a greater or less degree every one of the above subservients of a supervisor's intellect.
1993 Cincinnati Mag. 68/2 Growing up, she had no contact with blacks other than as subservients.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.n.1604
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