单词 | stucco |
释义 | stuccon. 1. a. A fine plaster, esp. one composed of gypsum and pulverized marble, used for covering walls, ceilings, and floors, and for making cornices, mouldings, and other decorations. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > plaster > [noun] > fine stucco1598 stuc1632 fine stuff1700 stookie1796 1598 R. Haydocke tr. G. P. Lomazzo Tracte Artes Paintinge iii. 94 There are yet remayning in Transtevero in Rome, certayne Children..which so perfectly seeme to be made in Stucco [It. stucco], that they haue deceaved even divers good Painters. 1616–17 in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) I. 465 Some heads, whereof, to my remembrance, there was but one of marble, the other of stucco or plaster. 1695 R. Graham Short Acct. Eminent Painters in J. Dryden tr. C. A. Du Fresnoy De Arte Graphica 277 By the agreeable variety and richness of his Fancy, and his peculiar happiness in expressing all sorts of Animals, Fruit, Flowers, and the Still-life, both in Bass relievo, and Colours, acquir'd the reputation of being the best Master in the world, for Ornaments in Stucco, and Grotesque. 1721 G. Vertue Note Bks. (1930) I. 86 Cover'd it with stucho to form the muscles. 1730 A. Gordon tr. F. S. Maffei Compl. Hist. Anc. Amphitheatres 305 In Rome..not only have the Remains of ancient Painting been seen, but other genteel Ornaments of Stucco [It. stucco] also. 1805 P. Beckford Familiar Lett. Italy I. xv. 148 A parcel of naked boys over the doors, in white stucco. 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine Introd. 39 Halls and chambers..covered with white stucco, and this white stucco brilliant with colours, fresh as they were thousands of years ago. 1927 Travel Nov. 15/2 Low relief carvings and decorations in stucco adorn the pillars. 1978 E. Bishop Compl. Poems (1983) 186 The pharmacist had hung an empty wasps' nest from a shelf: small, exquisite, clean matte white, hard as stucco. 2001 N.Y. Mag. 22 Jan. 94/1 Early Italian Renaissance reliefs of stucco, terra cotta, cantapesta, and marble. b. The art or activity of ornamenting walls, ceilings, cornices, etc., with stucco; work or ornamentation produced using stucco. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > plaster or stucco work > [noun] pargetinga1425 parget1569 parjetory1642 parge-work1649 stucco work1685 stucco1697 stuccaturec1720 plasterwork1845 parging1862 pargetry1908 1697 J. Evelyn Numismata viii. 283 John de Vdine, Inventor, or Restorer of the Art of Stucco. 1756 M. Calderwood Lett. & Jrnls. (1884) iii. 75 The roofs in all the best rooms..are stucko, which was wrought by an Italian. 1782 T. Pennant Journey Chester to London 345 The chancel has been very elegantly fitted up with stucco by the late duke. 1845 E. Stone Chrons. Fashion I. iv. 239 The carved stucco of its halls and chambers, the magnificent sculpture of its gigantic chimney pieces, the rich embroidery of its velvet draperies. 1904 Builder 19 Mar. 305/2 Francis I. attracted to France some of the most capable of the Italian artists skilled in stucco. 2003 Jrnl. Soc. Archit. Historians 62 318/1 This miniature Pantheon, embellished with ornate reliefs, reflects Marc'Antonio's personal involvement in the art of stucco. c. As a count noun. An ornament, moulding, or carving made of stucco. ΚΠ 1753 ‘T. Broderick’ Lett. from Several Parts Europe & East II. lxxxv. 74 The finished mosaics, stuccos, and paintings, with which we see they were originally decorated. 1803 A. Dalmazzoni Antiquarian xvii. 235 The vaults of the ground floor have been adorned with beautiful stuccos by the same Artist. 1894 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 9 8 The influence of Ghiberti in the case of the marble reliefs has been noted by Bode and, in this stucco, this influence is even more strikingly felt. 1903 E. Wharton in Cent. Mag. Nov. 28/2 They are adorned, probably by French artists, with exquisite carvings and stucchi of the Louis XV and Louis XVI period. 1913 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 3 ii. 248 The original ground-floor itself is decorated with stuccos and pictures of interest to geologists. 1999 J. Elliot Unexpected Light (2000) vii. 264 The dominant motif of the stuccoes—vines, stalks and curling tendrils—was marked by a realism that would disappear utterly from Islamic ornamentation. 2. a. A type of coarse plaster or cement used for covering the rough exterior surfaces of walls in imitation of stone. Also called common stucco. Also figurative.bastard stucco, rough stucco, trowelled stucco, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > plaster > [noun] > coarse lime-work1589 stuc1632 compositiona1719 stucco1734 compo1823 society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > [noun] > bricklaying and plastering > plastering > finishing coat stucco1734 intonaco1806 setting coat1812 finish1823 set1823 setting1823 skin coat1897 1734 Duchess of Marlborough Let. 17 June (1943) viii. 122 I have been this day at Bedford House, though I could not go out of my coach..now it is so much mended by the new wing and the doing it with stucco that I am sure there is not so good a house anywhere in the world. 1766 T. C. Overton Temple Builder's Compan. 14 The finishing is with rough-casted stucco, and rusticated windows. 1778 (title) Observations on two trials at law, respecting Messieurs Adams's new-invented patent-stucco. 1780 Ann. Reg. 1779 118/1 As this cement is shorter than mortar or common stucco and dries sooner, it ought to be worked expeditiously in all cases. 1870 W. Thornbury Tour Eng. I. i. 26 We despise stucco now as false and flimsy. 1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 507 It may not be amiss here to refer to some of the causes of the premature decay which takes place in stuccoes and cements. 1878 J. T. Trowbridge Guy Vernon in G. P. Lathrop Masque of Poets 261 Behind the stucco of this world's politeness I find some moral framework not amiss. 1906 Young Woman's Jrnl. Nov. 502/2 All the houses and public buildings are of white stone or stucco, and are re-whitened..after the rainy season. 1954 Catholic Weekly (Sydney) 29 Apr. 6 The walls are cement rendered inside and finished in stucco outside. 2004 House & Garden Apr. 140 The new owners removed the old exterior cladding and replaced it with stucco. b. U.S. A house whose external walls are plastered with stucco. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > house of specific material or construction thatch-house1521 slate house1554 thack housec1600 frame house1627 log-house1662 straw1665 thatch1693 tin-house1798 fog house1799 leaf house1811 rock house1818 black house1819 blockhouse1821 white house1824 slab-and-bark house1826 brown house1845 brush house1854 soddy1877 hurdle-housea1879 bottle house1913 stucco1922 prefab1942 Portal house1944 Airey1945 yali1962 1922 Abilene (Texas) Daily Reporter 8 June 9/3 Two of the most modern and well built Stuccos in the City. 1962 Life 6 Apr. 88/1 (caption) Provincial stucco built 1918. 1976 C. Weston Rouse Demon (1977) xi. 50 The Simmons house turned out to be a two-story Monterey-style stucco. 1981 P. Mallory Killing Matter xvi. 167 A blue stucco at the corner of Delgado and Harding. 2014 J. Dahl Invisible City iii. 51 The house itself is a peach-tinted stucco. 3. Plaster of Paris. Now rare.Recorded earliest in compound word. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > plaster > [noun] > plaster of Paris plastera1387 plaster of Parisa1425 yesoa1533 gesso1596 gypsum1646 Paris plaster1855 stucco1897 hemi-hydrate1909 1826 J. Rennie New Suppl. Pharmacopœias 323 Plaster of Paris. Is prepared for casting stucco ornaments and statues, by calcining sulphate of lime (gypsum) or exposing it to the heat of a baker's oven, and then pounding and sifting it. 1869 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. (new ed.) iii. 32 Fixing a thin piece of stucco on to one end of a glass tube open at the other end. 1897 W. Millar Plastering ii. 35 Gypsum, from which plaster of Paris is made... In Italy it is known by the name of gesso; in Scotland it is called stucco;..and in the English trade..plaster. 1918 Architect & Engineer Mar. 120/1 The material thus produced is calcined gypsum, also commonly termed ‘stucco’ 2006 R. Sharpe & G. Cork in J. E. Kogel et al. Industr. Minerals & Rocks (ed. 7) ii. 535/1 Calcined Gypsum. Gypsum chemically transformed by heat or pressure to remove three fourths of the water of crystallization is known as calcium sulfate hemihydrate, stucco, and plaster of paris. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. (a) In sense 1a, with the sense ‘made of stucco; ornamented with stucco work’. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > plaster > [adjective] > made or ornamented with stucco-work stucco1730 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > plaster > [adjective] > made of plaster of Paris stucco1730 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > plaster or stucco work > [adjective] stucco1730 stuccoed1758 1730 E. Wright Some Observ. France, Italy, &c. I. 225 'Tis all incrusted with the finest sorts of Marble; the Stucco-Roof adorn'd with Foliage gilt, and enliven'd with Figures of Angels and little Cherubs. 1738 A. Pope Satires of Horace ii. vi. 192 Palladian walls, Venetian doors, Grotesco roofs, and Stucco floors. 1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 66 A stucco cabinet so curiously wrought as to appear like the finest marble. 1799 Hull Advertiser 16 Feb. 2/1 With marble chimney-pieces and stucco cornice. 1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 37 The Moslem architects..made great use of stucco ornament. 1892 U. R. Burke in Bk. Trinity Coll. Dublin viii. 210 Ten pilasters..supporting a handsome stucco frieze and bold cornice, the work of Italian artists. The pilasters themselves are ornamented with stucco scroll-work of florid Roman character. 1951 N. Pevsner Middlesex (Buildings of Eng.) 41 Both [rooms] have delicate stucco decoration of Adam style. 2002 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 19 Dec. 75/1 On lunettes above the doors and roundels beneath the dome, Donatello's stucco bas-reliefs are at once animated and cool. 2009 Rijksmuseum Bull. 57 152/2 The stucco ceiling in the reception room..was destroyed. (b) In sense 2a, with the sense ‘plastered with stucco; characterized by buildings plastered with stucco’. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > building of specific construction > [adjective] wandedc1593 brick-built1596 rock-built1596 mud-walled1607 sedgy1624 sodden1639 nogged1688 frame1760 logged1784 stucco1786 weatherboarded1794 piled1795 thick-walled1820 clapboarded1835 board-built1837 pebble-dashed1839 puncheoned1843 timber-framed1843 betimbered1847 pile-built1851 massy1855 bamboo-walled1858 portable1860 half-timber1874 stone-faced1874 Red River frame1879 ashlared1881 granolithic1881 brick-end1883 converted1888 steel frame1898 board-and-bat1902 traviated1902 steel-framed1906 prefabricated1921 prefab1937 multiwall1940 pre-engineered1955 curtain-walled1959 pre-fabbed1959 timber-frame1967 system-built1968 flat-pack1982 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > plaster > [adjective] > covered with > covered with specific type stuccoed1758 stucco1786 chunammed1859 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [adjective] > house of specific material or construction framed1623 black and white1656 stucco1786 unchinked1819 Wealden1956 Airey1982 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > part of town or city > [adjective] > abounding in stucco buildings stucco1898 1786 Lady's Mag. Apr. 309/1 What could appear, more enchanting than this neat little stucco dwelling, the whiteness of its encrusted walls, contrasted by the enlivening green. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lx. 539 ‘Gardens’ was a felicitous word not applied to stucco houses with asphalte terraces in front, so early as 1827. 1897 W. Millar Plastering i. 33 The brothers Adam introduced into England stucco façades and composition enrichments. 1898 T. Watts-Dunton Aylwin v. ii. 213 After we had left behind us what he called the ‘stucco world’ of the West End. 1906 A. Machen House of Souls 98 The dim stucco streets that were his first recollections. 1961 W. Percy Moviegoer i. i. 4 Here was the theater, a pink stucco cube, sitting out in a field all by itself. 1985 D. Koontz Door to December ii. xx. 185 Blank black windows and patches of pale-yellow stucco walls could be glimpsed between the shadowy forms of neatly shaped plum-thorn bushes. 2009 USA Today 18 Feb. 4/1 The sprawling development of stucco starter homes. ΚΠ 1826 J. Rennie New Suppl. Pharmacopœias 323 Plaster of Paris. Is prepared for casting stucco ornaments and statues, by calcining sulphate of lime (gypsum) or exposing it to the heat of a baker's oven, and then pounding and sifting it. 1846 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. Jan. 67 The period varies from ten to twelve hours, liable to the breaking, splitting or warping of the stucco matrices. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. i. 52 Her knowledge and accomplishments had become as valueless as old-fashioned stucco ornaments. b. Appositive, adverbial, instrumental, etc. stucco-adorned adj. ΚΠ 1856 W. Hughes Maunder's Treasury Geogr. 334/1 Marble..everywhere abounds in Italy—as humbler and more plebeian clay does in our island home, with its brick-built and stucco-adorned cities. 1864 Reader 3 Sept. 291/1 No flaunting stucco-adorned town of yesterday. 2010 S. P. Walz Toward Ludic Archit. 202 The castle-like main building with picturesque towers, wide hallways, and high, stucco-adorned ceilings. stucco-fronted adj. ΚΠ 1744 Daily Advertiser 25 Dec. (advt.) To be sold, Stone Lime and Ware, Terras, Alabaster Dust, and all sorts of Plaister.., at the Stucco-fronted House the lower End of Bush-Lane. 1865 A. B. Edwards Half a Million II. xlix. 281 A big stucco-fronted, many-windowed house. 2007 Observer (Nexis) 25 Feb. 11 I live in a tall, narrow, stucco-fronted, early-Victorian house. stucco-moulded adj. ΚΠ 1865 S. E. Warren Man. Drafting Instruments & Operations iv. 115 A frame of plain mouldings is more appropriate for a geometrical drawing than is a carved or stucco-moulded frame. 2003 S. Haghshenās tr. H. Āyatollāhi Bk. Iran 151 Another stucco-moulded portrait of a king has also been discovered in the excavations. stucco paint n. ΚΠ 1840 Belfast News-Let. 12 Oct. (heading) Roman Cement and Stucco Paint. 1843 Builder 12 Aug. 323/1 Patent Stucco Paint and Patent Stucco Paint Cement. 2007 R. Lakin Getting Old is Criminal xiv. 103 The stucco paint on our buildings is getting shabby. stucco plaster n. ΚΠ 1744 Specif. & Surrender Roll (P.R.O.: C 73/4) m. 32 New Invention of a Lime Stucoe Plaster Morter Cement and Manure of and from Cockle Oyster and other Sea Shells by grinding pounding or burning the same. 2010 Mercury (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 31 Dec. 5 The exterior of the building comprises both sandstone and stucco plaster. stucco plasterer n. ΚΠ 1779 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 23 Oct. 2/4 William Roberts, Stucco Plaisterer and Slater. 1787 in 6th Rep. Deputy Keeper Public Rec. App. ii. 177 in Parl. Papers (1845) XLVIII. 351 Thomas Henderson, of the City of York, Stucco Plaisterer. 2003 J. M. Truettner Aspirations Excellence 98 George Gill..(1796-1873) was a highly regarded stucco plasterer in New Haven. stucco worker n. ΚΠ 1747 R. Campbell London Tradesman 339 Stucco-Worker. 1897 W. Millar Plastering i. 26 During the reign of Henry VIII,..many Italian stucco workers found their way into this country. 2014 R. K. Garelick Mademoiselle (2015) viii. 209 Maggiore sent one of his stucco workers north to Paris, so that Chanel could consult with him personally on the exact color she wanted for her villa's exterior. C2. stucco paper n. now historical a kind of embossed wallpaper designed to resemble stucco work. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > wallcovering > [noun] > wall-paper > types of stucco paper1749 caffoy paper1750 flock-paper1750 domino paper1839 wood-hanging1869 Morris1872 velvet-paper1875 flock1881 lincrusta1882 anaglypta1887 screen print1928 scenics1934 1749 in T. Rosoman London Wallpapers (2009) 16 144 yds. Stoocoe paper put upon the Stair case with Bord[e]r. 1751 Lady Luxborough Let. 13 Feb. in Lett. to W. Shenstone (1775) 236 Moore..talks to me of a sort of stucco-paper... The paper is stamped so deep as to project considerably, and is very thick and strong; and the ornaments are all detached, and put on separately.—As suppose, for example, it were the pattern of a common stucco-paper, which is generally a mosaic formed by a rose in a kind of octagon: it seems, in this new way one of these roses is to be bought singly. 1752 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) III. 76 If your parlour is stuccoed (though I think I should rather hang it with stucco paper), you must have plugs of wood where you think to hang pictures. 2015 J. Stobart in J. Raven Lost Mansions ii. 30 Room 4 was hung with 110 yards of crimson ground stucco paper. stucco work n. mouldings and other decorations worked in stucco (sense 1a). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > plaster or stucco work > [noun] pargetinga1425 parget1569 parjetory1642 parge-work1649 stucco work1685 stucco1697 stuccaturec1720 plasterwork1845 parging1862 pargetry1908 1685 W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. 326 He built himself a House, which he adorned with Stucco Work. 1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea I. ii. xxxiv. 232 The rooms are lined with stocco work, painted in the Indian taste. 1908 R. Bagot Anthony Cuthbert iv. 29 The rich carvings of the frieze and..the ornate stucco-work of the ceiling..had been executed in the sixteenth century, from Italian designs. 2007 C. Brown et al. Karen Brown's Switzerland 77 The interior is ornamented by elaborate stucco work and features a spectacular Baroque pulpit. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). stuccov. 1. a. transitive. To coat or cover (a cornice, wall, room, etc.) with fine plaster; to ornament with stucco work; to apply stucco (stucco n. 1a) to. Also with over. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > plaster or stucco work > ornament with plaster or stucco work [verb (transitive)] pargeta1398 pargen1536 parge1637 stucco1726 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. f. 48v A Cornice..ought to be firmly wrought and well stucco'd over [It. stuccata] to repel all the injuries of the weather. 1754 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 38 Agreed that instead of stuccoing the old court..it be cas'd with Ketton Stone. 1835 W. Matthews Hydraulia xii. 225 The skilful manner in which the walls were stuccoed, the exquisite designs for adorning them,..produced such pleasurable effects, as no words, however forcible, or significant, can adequately depict. 1846 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 8 46 The walls have been stuccoed and painted, but the paintings are so much destroyed as to be scarcely distinguishable. 1900 School of Mines Q. Apr. 266 When the hewing was thus completed the whole was once more stuccoed. 1927 P. Toynbee Strawberry Hill Accts. 153 [£47 5 s. for] stuccoing the chapel. 2007 C. Van Cleave Master Drawings Ital. Renaissance 180/1 The private loggia of Leo X..was being decorated and stuccoed. b. transitive. To coat or cover (a wall or building) with coarse plaster or cement, esp. in imitation of stonework; to apply stucco (stucco n. 2) to. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > clad or cover [verb (transitive)] > plaster > plaster in imitation of stonework stucco1780 1780 Monthly Rev. May 367 Messrs Wyatt are engaged to stucco a great number of capital houses with it this summer. 1790 W. Wrighte Grotesque Archit. 11 It may be built of wood, and stuccoed. 1799 A. Young Gen. View Agric. County Lincoln 26 If an old wall is to be stuccoed, all..vegetation must previously be removed. 1835 Archit. Mag. Feb. 74 In stuccoing the front of a house in or about London, for example, no builder need ever have recourse to any of the metallic cements. 1897 F. M. Crawford Corleone I. v. 81 Many of the houses on the main street have now been stuccoed and painted. 1949 Pop. Mech. June 193/1 Final outside jobs consist of stuccoing the exterior surface and installing gutters. 2013 A. J. Salat Build your House & Save xi. 117 Our plan to stucco the outside after the spring rains was still intact, but suddenly I felt a bit lazy. 2. transitive. figurative and in extended use. To coat or cover with something likened to stucco; to plaster. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > with or as with specific other things clodc1420 pavea1425 foamc1540 overstain1559 thatch1589 sinew1592 to ice over1602 curd1654 overfleece1717 fleece1730 stucco1774 oversmoke1855 bepaper1861 beboulder1862 overflower1876 sack1880 overglass1883 to board over1885 pad1885 lather1917 cobweb1928 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 42 The apartment at the end [of a marmot's hole] is very warmly stuccoed round with moss and hay. 1776 C. Anstey Election Ball 29 Ye must stucco, and whitewash your Faces. 1839 Lady Lytton Cheveley (ed. 2) III. iii. 74 She was a great admirer of what the world stuccoes with the name of ‘talent’. 1985 C. James Falling towards Eng. (1986) iv. 33 My ceiling in Tufnell Park..looked as if a loosely stretched and seriously crumpled old tarpaulin had been stuccoed with night-soil. 2006 A. Davies Goodbye Lemon i. 63 A suety kid whose face was stuccoed with acne. Derivatives ˈstuccoed adj. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > plaster or stucco work > [adjective] stucco1730 stuccoed1758 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > plaster > [adjective] > covered with > covered with specific type stuccoed1758 stucco1786 chunammed1859 1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall x. 111 I have observed the same purple efflorescencies on a damp stuckoed wall in the chapel at St. Michael's Mount. 1856 C. J. Lever Martins of Cro' Martin ii. 14 Fragments of carving, or pieces of stuccoed tracery, together with broken vases and uprooted shrubs, littered the garden. 1884 G. Allen Philistia II. 18 The noisy stuccoed modern watering-place. 1994 P. D. James Orig. Sin i. 9 The delicate stuccoed ceiling and the carved cornice contrasted incongruously with the modern reception desk. 2009 Vanity Fair Mar. 322/2 Beverly Hills High School..is a buff, stuccoed, Normanesque pile built in 1928. ˈstuccoing n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > [noun] > bricklaying and plastering > plastering > plastering in imitation of stonework stuccoing1733 1733 A. Pope Let. Mar. in Corr. (1956) III. 356 I cannot proceed in my Stucco-ing, till I see your Lordship & have your directions about the Upper Cornish of my house, & the Moldings & members of the Entablature. 1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §517 Exterior Finishing is the term applied to stuccoing, roughcasting, and plastering. 1982 S. Tobriner Genesis of Noto viii. 153 He directed the stuccoing, wood carving, and metal ornamentation until his failing health put an end to his work in the 1760s. 2002 Nat. Home July 50/1 Stuccoing was the most expensive part of the process. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1598v.1726 |
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