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单词 additional
释义

additionaladj.n.

Brit. /əˈdɪʃn̩(ə)l/, /əˈdɪʃən(ə)l/, U.S. /əˈdɪʃənl/, /əˈdɪʃn(ə)l/
Forms: 1500s–1600s additionall, 1600s– additional, 1700s aditional.
Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: addition n., -al suffix1; Latin additionalis.
Etymology: Either < addition n. + -al suffix1, or < post-classical Latin additionalis (a1562) < classical Latin additiōn- , additiō addition n. + -ālis -al suffix1. Compare Middle French, French additionnel (1500).
A. adj.
That is in addition to something else; added, extra, supplementary. Also used predicatively, with to (frequently in postmodifying verbless clause).
ΚΠ
1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments iv. 755/1 [They] had written..refuting the friuolous..reasons of this popish prelate, as may wel appeare by a parcell additionall of a letter sente by the Lord Protector to the said Bishop in these words.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 2 There were no lesse then two mistakes, or rather additionall mendacites. View more context for this quotation
1688 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 219 Being explanatory and additional to a former Law.
a1745 in Swift's Lett. (1768) IV. 27 You would have put me to an additional expence, by having a raree-shew (or pageant) as of old, on the lord-mayor's day.
1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature II. 23 A body having received an additional quantity of electric fluid, is said to be overcharged or positively electrified.
1824 T. F. Dibdin Libr. Compan. 37 The last volume contains additional matter.
1840 Times 9 June 5/6 The interest which the French Legitimatist press takes in the matter has a motive additional to its general system of calumny against England.
1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 50/1 (advt.) With 8-foot finely covered rubber hose and 4 additional tools for cleaning draperies, walls, radiators, etc.
1961 G. Caplan Prevention Mental Disorders in Children i. 25 [A] care worker..who will operate in prenatal and well-baby clinics..as a service additional to the routine operations of nurses, obstetricians, and pediatricians.
2004 M. Oke Times of our Lives 208 As most mothers usually stayed at home to look after the children, any additional income was probably welcome.
B. n.
A thing which is added to something else; an addition, an extra.spec. (at Cambridge University): colloquial abbreviation of ‘Additional Subjects’ or ‘Additional Examinations’, papers taken in addition to the Previous Examination to make up the qualification for an Ordinary Degree (now historical).
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > university examinations > at specific university
May examination1848
May1852
great1854
honour moderations1877
honour mods1877
additional1882
Divvers1905
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §798 The Quantity of the Fifteenth turned to a Twentieth; And likewise with some little Additionall, that may further the Intrinsique Incorporation.
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. iv. 48 Their second master made some additionalls to their profession.
1647 J. Sprigge Anglia Rediviva iv. iv. 230 As an additional to the occurrences of these five dayes.
1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity ii. i. 9 Having no beauty of their own [they] fly to the additionals of dresses and paintings.
1716 N. Hough Serm. at Primary Visitation of Reverend Mr. Arch-deacon of Surrey 14 Truly the Tenets of Arius and Socinus may rather be looked upon as Denials of the Faith, than as Additionals to it; they rather bear away its Bottom, than seem to build any thing New.
1832 J. G. Smith Santarem vi. 72 I possessed..not only the ordinary facilities arising out of immediate neighbourhood..but the additionals of French advances, and common cause.
1882 Girton Rev. July 7 The majority take the Additionals..simply because it is practically the only recognised door of admission to a Tripos.
1930 Math. Gaz. 15 222 The examples range in difficulty from those suitable for commencing specialists who have mastered the course for Additionals up to the harder questions set in Scholarship papers.
1964 Del Rio (Texas) News-Herald 16 Oct. (advt.) 1 b7 Biscuits..Limit 4 with other purchases—Additionals 3 for 19c.
2006 K. Fletcher Partnerships in Social Care ii. iii. 38 A typical group of perhaps 25 senior representative staff costs, conservatively, £3000 per meeting by the time additionals have been added.

Compounds

additional member system n. Politics a type of proportional representation in which electors vote for a party list as well as voting directly for a constituency candidate.
ΚΠ
1976 Times 10 June 1/5 Under the proposed additional member system, the number of constituencies in general elections would be reduced to 480... There would be a further 160 seats allocated by region.
1985 Geogr. Jrnl. 151 342 The West German additional member system does worst on this criterion.
2006 Canad. Public Policy 32 47/2 Running devolved elections with an additional member system has not produced levels of turnout comparable even to those seen in Westminster elections.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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adj.n.1563
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