statisticadj.n.

Brit.

/stəˈtɪstɪk/, U.S.

/stəˈtɪstɪk/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: statist n.¹, -ic suffix.

Etymology: < statist n.¹ + -ic suffix, after: (i) French statistique study of a state, of statecraft, or of the conditions, circumstances, and politics of a state (1768), study of numerical data concerning society (c1785; 1792 as adjective), collection of numerical data on a particular subject (1830), collection of techniques of mathematical interpretation applied to phenomena for which an exhaustive study of all data is impractical (1843), and its models (ii) German Statistik, †Statistick (noun) study of a state, of statecraft, or of the conditions, circumstances, and politics of a state (1744 or earlier; 1679 as †Statistica), study of numerical data concerning society (c1800; subsequently also denoting numerical data on other topics, and the mathematical techniques used for studying these), and (iii) German statistisch, adjective (1657), itself after post-classical Latin statisticus of or relating to the state, statists, or statecraft (1662 or earlier). The semantic development, in either post-classical Latin or German, was apparently from ‘of or relating to the state, statists, or statecraft’ to use designating or denoting the study of data relating to the state or to government, and hence the analysis of such data (especially in numerical form, and by mathematical methods); association with the meanings of classical Latin status state n. may have played a part in this development. Slightly earlier evidence for the first stage in this semantic development may be shown by the use of post-classical Latin statisticum collegium as the name of a course of lectures on the constitutions, resources, and policy of the various states of the world given by Martin Schmeizel (1679–1747), a professor at Jena. Compare (all referring to the study of numerical data) Spanish estadistico, adjective, estadistica, noun (2nd half of 19th cent. as noun), Portuguese estadistico, adjective, estadistica, noun (1813 as noun), Italian statistico, adjective, statistica, noun (early 19th cent. as noun and adjective; 17th cent. in apparently unconnected earlier use as adjective in sense ‘of or relating to the state’).

A. adj.

†a. = statistical adj. 2a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [adjective] > statistical

schematical1762

statistic1770

statistical1787

1770 W. Hooper tr. J. F. von Bielfeld Elements Universal Erudition III. xiii. 277 They who teach the statistic science as public professors [Fr. ceux qui enseignent la Statistique dans les chaires de Professeurs], or write expressly on this subject, endeavour to explain all these various objects as they regard each nation, country, or particular state.

1789 Polit. Geog.; Introd. Statist. Tables Europe 17 With a view to facilitate the study of the Statistic science.

1799 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1956) I. 517 A number of German Statistic & Physiko-theological Writers.

1801 Philos. Mag. 11 192 Collecting materials for a statistic description of France.

1853 (title) Collins' Russia and Turkey: showing the provinces at present occupied by the respective armies, with a full and statistic description.

b. = statistical adj. 2b.

ΚΠ

1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows i. xxiii. 61 A poet who neglects pure truth to prove Statistic fact.

1917 Buffalo Med. Jrnl. 73 111 It is to be regretted that the title is itself somewhat intemperate and that the ammunition is rather oratoric than statistic.

1933 B. Gadelius Human Mentality xv. 486 It demands very careful attention to divers sources of error and a shrewd sifting of the statistic material.

2004 D. Lloyd Radiant Cool i. 73 Multidimensional scaling is the statistic science method for building a new map.

†2. Political. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > [adjective]

politic1427

political1529

state1579

statistial1602

statistical1602

politician1638

coalitional1785

statistic1824

1824 R. Southey Bk. of Church (ed. 2) II. xiii. 105 The religious and the statistic measures must not be confounded.

1829 London Encycl. VI. 480/2 That interruption has been followed by a slow, and perhaps more wise, system of melioration in all civic and statistic matters.

†3. Of or relating to legal status. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal concepts > [adjective]

substantive1729

substantial1768

statistic1871

1871 E. Poste in tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis iv. §6. Comm. 404 Their title is a breach of contract or the violation of some real right, statistic, primordial, or proprietary.

1882 D. J. Crain in Commerc. Relations U.S.: Rep. Consuls (U.S. Dept. of State) 499 By the law of May 30, 1878,..statistic rights were abolished.

B. n.

1. The subject of statistics; = statistics n. 1. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > statistics > study of > as a branch of political science

statistics1770

statistic1794

1794 J. Trapp tr. D. H. Stoever Life C. Linnæus vii. 165 Linnæus became the father of a beautiful and most accurate natural statistic of his own country [Ger. einer schönen, genauen naturhistorischen Statistik seines Vaterlandes].

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 228 [Germany.] Academical sciences..under the name of Technology, Economy, Science of Finances, and Statistic.

1864 C. Kingsley Roman & Teuton ix. 232 Till that point is reached, the history of the masses will be mere statistic concerning their physical well-being or ill-being.

1908 Year Bk. Commonw. Austral. (Commonw. Bureau Census & Statistics, Melbourne) I. 6 Besides..many informal conferences on various branches of statistic, there were six professional conferences of the State Statisticians.

1919 Amer. Econ. Rev. 9 383 Census-taking is a costly operation, but it is the foundation of all branches of statistic that have a direct human interest.

†2. = statistician n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > statistics > one who deals with

statist1796

statistician1800

statistic1804

number cruncher1971

1804 R. Southey Let. 1 July in J. W. Robberds Mem. Taylor (1843) I. 508 Henley said you were the best statistic in Europe.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 22 Sept. 3/2 It is the province of the statistic to upset fixed notions, to compare the actual with the accepted.

a. A statistical fact, statement, or piece of data. Cf. statistics n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > statistics > piece of statistical information

statistic1817

information1925

stat1971

1817 M. Keating Trav. through France & Spain to Morocco II. 204 The staple articles of the meridional farmer,—his corn, his wine, and his oil (as a statistic we must add silk).

1840 Musical World 25 June 397 It must be taken as a statistic of what musical talent exists in England.

1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad xvi. 148 There is not a statistic wanting. It is as succinct as an invoice. This is what a translation ought to be.

1934 Punch 14 Mar. 292/2 Let me give them a statistic:—At least 3,000 craft of all sizes pass under Waterloo Bridge every week.

1973 Times 24 Apr. 12/2 The statistic of 22·2 unemployed to every notified vacancy in Scotland.

1996 G. W. Brown in C. Mundt et al. Interpersonal Factors in Origin & Course Affective Disorders ix. 164 Probably around half of all depressive conditions among women in urban centres are chronic... This is one of the most worrying statistics about depression.

2009 J. A. Smith Daddy Shift v. 99 Brian cited one statistic I hadn't known: the official census count of stay-at-home dads had risen from 90,000 in 1998 to 147,000 in 2005.

b. A person or thing regarded impersonally as nothing more than a piece of data. Frequently with reference to death or injury.

ΚΠ

1917 Cleveland (Ohio) Plain Dealer 9 Dec. b4/3 You bet, Doc. I've no ambition to become a statistic in your office.

1927 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 12 June iii. 10/1 When you are injured by an automobile you become a ‘statistic’.

1949 E. Hyams Not in our Stars xvi. 198 Although the first dead was a horror and a tragedy, the ten thousandth was a statistic.

1962 F. W. Edmondson in Design for Nucl. Age (National Acad. Sci.-National Res. Council (U.S.)) 77 Had this tragedy been caused by an ordinary steam boiler explosion, it would have become just another statistic in man's contest with the machine.

1996 Tampa (Florida) Tribune (Nexis) 26 Dec. (Nation/World section) 1 Miller..survived injuries that a few years ago would have made him a statistic.

2007 P. Ashley Wish you were Here (2011) 79 He was officially a statistic. A failed relationship.

c. Statistics. A numerical characteristic of a sample (as opposed to a characteristic of the population from which it is drawn); a function intended to characterize a sample in some way, but defined independently of the sample. Cf. parameter n. 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > sample > numerical characteristic of

economic indicator1903

statistic1922

1922 R. A. Fisher in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 222 313 These involve the choice of methods of calculating from a sample statistical derivates, or as we shall call them statistics, which are designed to estimate the values of the parameters of the hypothetical population.

1965 W. C. Krumbein & F. A. Graybill Introd. Statist. Models Geol. xiii. 325 Grant..provides a t test for individual coefficients and examines the homogeneity of the residuals..by using Cochran's statistic..based on the ratio of the largest variance to the sum of the remaining variances.

1976 Biometrika 63 438 The sample sizes are enormous, the smallest being 23517, so that under the null hypothesis this statistic should be distributed as a χ² variate with x₀ − 3 degrees of freedom.

1991 Lancet 9 Mar. 612/2 Pearson correlation coefficient is a measure of association but in our view both the Kappa statistic and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) are measures of agreement.

2010 Nature 23 Dec. 1045/1 Sequencing technology and DNA preservation may affect the interpretation of the clustering statistic for ancient genomes.

Compounds

General attributive and objective, with the sense ‘of or relating to statistics’. Cf. statistics n. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1839 W. M. Thackeray in Corsair (N.Y.) 28 Sept. 453/1 The statistic mongers and dealers in geography have calculated to a nicety how many quartern loaves..are consumed.

1849 Med. Times 20 8/3 Remarks..are grounded on copies of several Tables published at our ‘Statistic Office’.

1864 Indian Missionary Jrnl. 323 In this statistic-loving age, a school was set down as a school, whether instruction was given in it or not.

1902 S. Coleridge Open Let. to Registrar-General 6 The impertinences of a mere statistic-collector.

1991 S. Faludi Backlash iii. xiii. 372 A particularly absurd case of statistic-doctoring.

2006 D. Lok Creativity Sucks! 106 Using a simple statistic system..you can keep track of which report was downloaded the most often.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	statistic
释义	statisticadj.n. Brit. /stəˈtɪstɪk/, U.S. /stəˈtɪstɪk/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: statist n.¹, -ic suffix. Etymology: < statist n.¹ + -ic suffix, after: (i) French statistique study of a state, of statecraft, or of the conditions, circumstances, and politics of a state (1768), study of numerical data concerning society (c1785; 1792 as adjective), collection of numerical data on a particular subject (1830), collection of techniques of mathematical interpretation applied to phenomena for which an exhaustive study of all data is impractical (1843), and its models (ii) German Statistik, †Statistick (noun) study of a state, of statecraft, or of the conditions, circumstances, and politics of a state (1744 or earlier; 1679 as †Statistica), study of numerical data concerning society (c1800; subsequently also denoting numerical data on other topics, and the mathematical techniques used for studying these), and (iii) German statistisch, adjective (1657), itself after post-classical Latin statisticus of or relating to the state, statists, or statecraft (1662 or earlier). The semantic development, in either post-classical Latin or German, was apparently from ‘of or relating to the state, statists, or statecraft’ to use designating or denoting the study of data relating to the state or to government, and hence the analysis of such data (especially in numerical form, and by mathematical methods); association with the meanings of classical Latin status state n. may have played a part in this development. Slightly earlier evidence for the first stage in this semantic development may be shown by the use of post-classical Latin statisticum collegium as the name of a course of lectures on the constitutions, resources, and policy of the various states of the world given by Martin Schmeizel (1679–1747), a professor at Jena. Compare (all referring to the study of numerical data) Spanish estadistico, adjective, estadistica, noun (2nd half of 19th cent. as noun), Portuguese estadistico, adjective, estadistica, noun (1813 as noun), Italian statistico, adjective, statistica, noun (early 19th cent. as noun and adjective; 17th cent. in apparently unconnected earlier use as adjective in sense ‘of or relating to the state’). A. adj. 1. †a. = statistical adj. 2a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [adjective] > statistical schematical1762 statistic1770 statistical1787 1770 W. Hooper tr. J. F. von Bielfeld Elements Universal Erudition III. xiii. 277 They who teach the statistic science as public professors [Fr. ceux qui enseignent la Statistique dans les chaires de Professeurs], or write expressly on this subject, endeavour to explain all these various objects as they regard each nation, country, or particular state. 1789 Polit. Geog.; Introd. Statist. Tables Europe 17 With a view to facilitate the study of the Statistic science. 1799 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1956) I. 517 A number of German Statistic & Physiko-theological Writers. 1801 Philos. Mag. 11 192 Collecting materials for a statistic description of France. 1853 (title) Collins' Russia and Turkey: showing the provinces at present occupied by the respective armies, with a full and statistic description. b. = statistical adj. 2b. ΚΠ 1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows i. xxiii. 61 A poet who neglects pure truth to prove Statistic fact. 1917 Buffalo Med. Jrnl. 73 111 It is to be regretted that the title is itself somewhat intemperate and that the ammunition is rather oratoric than statistic. 1933 B. Gadelius Human Mentality xv. 486 It demands very careful attention to divers sources of error and a shrewd sifting of the statistic material. 2004 D. Lloyd Radiant Cool i. 73 Multidimensional scaling is the statistic science method for building a new map. †2. Political. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > [adjective] politic1427 political1529 state1579 statistial1602 statistical1602 politician1638 coalitional1785 statistic1824 1824 R. Southey Bk. of Church (ed. 2) II. xiii. 105 The religious and the statistic measures must not be confounded. 1829 London Encycl. VI. 480/2 That interruption has been followed by a slow, and perhaps more wise, system of melioration in all civic and statistic matters. †3. Of or relating to legal status. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal concepts > [adjective] substantive1729 substantial1768 statistic1871 1871 E. Poste in tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis iv. §6. Comm. 404 Their title is a breach of contract or the violation of some real right, statistic, primordial, or proprietary. 1882 D. J. Crain in Commerc. Relations U.S.: Rep. Consuls (U.S. Dept. of State) 499 By the law of May 30, 1878,..statistic rights were abolished. B. n. 1. The subject of statistics; = statistics n. 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > statistics > study of > as a branch of political science statistics1770 statistic1794 1794 J. Trapp tr. D. H. Stoever Life C. Linnæus vii. 165 Linnæus became the father of a beautiful and most accurate natural statistic of his own country [Ger. einer schönen, genauen naturhistorischen Statistik seines Vaterlandes]. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 228 [Germany.] Academical sciences..under the name of Technology, Economy, Science of Finances, and Statistic. 1864 C. Kingsley Roman & Teuton ix. 232 Till that point is reached, the history of the masses will be mere statistic concerning their physical well-being or ill-being. 1908 Year Bk. Commonw. Austral. (Commonw. Bureau Census & Statistics, Melbourne) I. 6 Besides..many informal conferences on various branches of statistic, there were six professional conferences of the State Statisticians. 1919 Amer. Econ. Rev. 9 383 Census-taking is a costly operation, but it is the foundation of all branches of statistic that have a direct human interest. †2. = statistician n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > statistics > one who deals with statist1796 statistician1800 statistic1804 number cruncher1971 1804 R. Southey Let. 1 July in J. W. Robberds Mem. Taylor (1843) I. 508 Henley said you were the best statistic in Europe. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 22 Sept. 3/2 It is the province of the statistic to upset fixed notions, to compare the actual with the accepted. 3. a. A statistical fact, statement, or piece of data. Cf. statistics n. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > statistics > piece of statistical information statistic1817 information1925 stat1971 1817 M. Keating Trav. through France & Spain to Morocco II. 204 The staple articles of the meridional farmer,—his corn, his wine, and his oil (as a statistic we must add silk). 1840 Musical World 25 June 397 It must be taken as a statistic of what musical talent exists in England. 1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad xvi. 148 There is not a statistic wanting. It is as succinct as an invoice. This is what a translation ought to be. 1934 Punch 14 Mar. 292/2 Let me give them a statistic:—At least 3,000 craft of all sizes pass under Waterloo Bridge every week. 1973 Times 24 Apr. 12/2 The statistic of 22·2 unemployed to every notified vacancy in Scotland. 1996 G. W. Brown in C. Mundt et al. Interpersonal Factors in Origin & Course Affective Disorders ix. 164 Probably around half of all depressive conditions among women in urban centres are chronic... This is one of the most worrying statistics about depression. 2009 J. A. Smith Daddy Shift v. 99 Brian cited one statistic I hadn't known: the official census count of stay-at-home dads had risen from 90,000 in 1998 to 147,000 in 2005. b. A person or thing regarded impersonally as nothing more than a piece of data. Frequently with reference to death or injury. ΚΠ 1917 Cleveland (Ohio) Plain Dealer 9 Dec. b4/3 You bet, Doc. I've no ambition to become a statistic in your office. 1927 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 12 June iii. 10/1 When you are injured by an automobile you become a ‘statistic’. 1949 E. Hyams Not in our Stars xvi. 198 Although the first dead was a horror and a tragedy, the ten thousandth was a statistic. 1962 F. W. Edmondson in Design for Nucl. Age (National Acad. Sci.-National Res. Council (U.S.)) 77 Had this tragedy been caused by an ordinary steam boiler explosion, it would have become just another statistic in man's contest with the machine. 1996 Tampa (Florida) Tribune (Nexis) 26 Dec. (Nation/World section) 1 Miller..survived injuries that a few years ago would have made him a statistic. 2007 P. Ashley Wish you were Here (2011) 79 He was officially a statistic. A failed relationship. c. Statistics. A numerical characteristic of a sample (as opposed to a characteristic of the population from which it is drawn); a function intended to characterize a sample in some way, but defined independently of the sample. Cf. parameter n. 6. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > sample > numerical characteristic of economic indicator1903 statistic1922 1922 R. A. Fisher in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 222 313 These involve the choice of methods of calculating from a sample statistical derivates, or as we shall call them statistics, which are designed to estimate the values of the parameters of the hypothetical population. 1965 W. C. Krumbein & F. A. Graybill Introd. Statist. Models Geol. xiii. 325 Grant..provides a t test for individual coefficients and examines the homogeneity of the residuals..by using Cochran's statistic..based on the ratio of the largest variance to the sum of the remaining variances. 1976 Biometrika 63 438 The sample sizes are enormous, the smallest being 23517, so that under the null hypothesis this statistic should be distributed as a χ² variate with x₀ − 3 degrees of freedom. 1991 Lancet 9 Mar. 612/2 Pearson correlation coefficient is a measure of association but in our view both the Kappa statistic and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) are measures of agreement. 2010 Nature 23 Dec. 1045/1 Sequencing technology and DNA preservation may affect the interpretation of the clustering statistic for ancient genomes. Compounds General attributive and objective, with the sense ‘of or relating to statistics’. Cf. statistics n. Compounds. ΚΠ 1839 W. M. Thackeray in Corsair (N.Y.) 28 Sept. 453/1 The statistic mongers and dealers in geography have calculated to a nicety how many quartern loaves..are consumed. 1849 Med. Times 20 8/3 Remarks..are grounded on copies of several Tables published at our ‘Statistic Office’. 1864 Indian Missionary Jrnl. 323 In this statistic-loving age, a school was set down as a school, whether instruction was given in it or not. 1902 S. Coleridge Open Let. to Registrar-General 6 The impertinences of a mere statistic-collector. 1991 S. Faludi Backlash iii. xiii. 372 A particularly absurd case of statistic-doctoring. 2006 D. Lok Creativity Sucks! 106 Using a simple statistic system..you can keep track of which report was downloaded the most often. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1770
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