sprintn.1
/sprɪnt/, U.S. /sprɪnt/ Chiefly English regional (northern) and Scottish in later use.† 2. A spring or similar device forming part of a mechanism in a lock, knife, etc.; a hasp or clasp forming part of a lock or fastening on a chest, trunk, etc. Cf. sprent n.2 2a, sprent n.2 2b. Obsolete (Scottish in later use).Earliest in figurative context.
1. English regional (northern) in later use. A snare of a type used for catching birds, typically consisting of a flexible switch attached to a noose in which the animal is caught when the trap is sprung. Cf. sprent n.2 2c.
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the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > trap or snare > [noun]
grinc825
trapa1000
snarea1100
swikea1100
granea1250
springec1275
gina1300
gnarea1325
stringc1325
trebuchet1362
latch?a1366
leashc1374
snarlc1380
foot gina1382
foot-grina1382
traina1393
sinewa1400
snatcha1400
foot trapa1425
haucepyc1425
slingc1425
engine1481
swar1488
frame1509
brakea1529
fang1535
fall trap1570
spring1578
box-trapa1589
spring trapa1589
sprint1599
noosec1600
springle1602
springe1607
toil1607
plage1608
deadfall1631
puppy snatch1650
snickle1681
steel trap1735
figure (of) four1743
gun-trap1749
stamp1788
stell1801
springer1813
sprent1822
livetrap1823
snaphance1831
catch pole1838
twitch-up1841
basket-trap1866
pole trap1879
steel fall1895
tread-trap1952
conibear trap1957
conibear1958
1599 ‘T. Cutwode’ Caltha Poetarum sig. D5v Som makes their sprints & pitfals for the thrush.
1657 C. Hoole tr. Aesop Fabulae, Anglo-Latinae ii. lxxiv. 268 A Husband man set sprints in his ground, to catch the cranes and geese.
1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. Sprint, a gin for catching birds with.
1892 H. A. Macpherson Vertebrate Fauna Lakeland p. lxxxvii Used to set scores of sprints when a boy.
1897 H. A. Macpherson Hist. Fowling 246 The ‘Sprint’ employed in the north of England for catching Woodcock.
1997 W. Rollinson Dict. Cumbrian Dial. 153/2 Sprint, stick and noose snare for catching birds.
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the world > matter > constitution of matter > softness > pliableness > [noun] > elasticity > a spring
spring1428
sprint1645
steel spring1680
1645 S. Rutherford Tryal & Triumph of Faith xiv. 277 David brake a ward and a sprint of the new heart by his Adultery and bloodshed, and therefore no Artificer but one only in Heaven, could put the lock in frame again.
1745 Daily Advertiser 16 Aug. The Trunk is corded, the Sprint of the Lock being broke.
1897 W. Jamie in Bards of Angus & Mearns 235/1 Some queer auld knives wi' double sprint.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
sprintn.2
/sprɪnt/, U.S. /sprɪnt/ Originally English regional.† 1. English regional (chiefly midlands). A quick or sudden movement; a jump, a spring; a start. Also: a short burst of effort. Cf. sprent n.2 3a, sprunt n.1 Obsolete.
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the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > [noun] > a leap, spring, or jump
leapOE
startc1330
saulta1350
lope14..
launchc1440
sprenting?a1475
loup1487
springa1500
stenda1500
benda1522
sprenta1522
bounce1523
jump1552
sally1589
rise1600
bound1667
vault1728
sprinta1800
spang1817
spend1825
upleap1876
sprit1880
bunny hop1950
bunny-hop1969
a1800 S. Pegge Suppl. Grose's Provinc. Gloss. (1814) Sprunt, or Sprint, a spring in leaping, and the leap itself. Derb.
1887 T. Darlington Folk-speech S. Cheshire 367 (note) She went five yards at a sprint.
1896 W. W. Skeat & T. Hallam Pegge's Two Coll. Derbicisms 66 A man layd hold of a hare upon her form, and she gave a sprint.
1904 Eng. Dial. Dict. V. 692/2 Mak' a sprint for it, an' theaw'll do it reet enough.
2.
a. A fast running race run over a short distance; (now usually) one in which the competitors run a distance of 400m or less. Also: a short, fast, race or exercise in any of various sporting disciplines, as cycling, rowing, swimming, etc.Earliest in attributive use in sprint race.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > [noun] > types of race
quarter-mile1611
dead1635
diaulos1706
quarter1779
dead heat1796
match race1804
dash1836
sprint race1836
mile1851
road race1852
time trial1857
decider1858
all-ages1864
rough-up1864
hippodrome1867
distance running1868
team race1869
run-off1873
relay race1878
walk-away1879
title race1905
tortoise race1913
procession1937
stage1943
pace1968
prologue1973
society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > [noun] > rowing > spell of rowing > short spell at full speed
sprint1903
1836 Observer 29 Aug. The next was a sprint race of 100 yards.
1838 Bell's Life in London 9 Sept. Both men are from the neighbourhood of Huddersfield, and have run a sprint of 160 yards before.
1887 Field 19 Feb. 247/3 A strong wind..blowing down the straight, greatly interfered with the runners in the sprints.
1903 Times 14 Mar. 14/5 [They had] a few rowing sprints to vary their ordinary exercise work.
1929 Washington Post 27 Sept. 17/7 The second number, a 6-furlong sprint for maiden 2-year-olds.
1991 Cycling Weekly 27 July 37/1 The only title race she didn't contend was the sprint.
2009 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 16 Feb. a7/6 The German sports test, which includes a 100-meter timed sprint..and a measured shot-put or stone-put.
b. A short burst of speed or effort made in running, cycling, etc.; an act of running, cycling, etc., at full speed, typically for a limited period of time, esp. at the finish of a race.
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the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > going swiftly on foot > [noun] > running > running a short distance at full speed > a spell or act of
sprint1869
1869 J. P. Morris Gloss. Words & Phrases Furness 90 Sprint,..a spring at the end of a race.
1877 Bell's Life in London 24 Nov. 8/5 It was a case of sprint and counter sprint all the way.
1908 Daily Chron. 16 July 8/1 The fastest time was that by J. Matthews..but that counts for little in a cycle race owing to the..jockeying..for position in the final sprint.
1967 Observer 13 Aug. 12/1 There was no sudden sprint from Ryun, just this smooth, long-legged acceleration.
2014 R. Askwith Running Free 25 I cross half a dozen side roads without breaking my stride, insulating myself from the pain of the final sprint by reciting poetry to myself.
c. A fast pace of the type used in a sprint race, esp. one likely to be sustainable only for a brief period. Also figurative.
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1897 Boston Daily Globe 4 Mar. 9/5 Corbett broke into a sprint.
1941 E. Mittelholzer Corentyne Thunder (1977) xxx. 121 He covered the first hundred yards at a sprint, running with the light grace of a practised athlete.
1988 J. Epstein in G. Wolff Best Amer. Ess. (1989) 102 He lived life at a sprint, going fast and dying young.
2014 M. Roberts & T. Bishop Baserunning x. 170 The runner's controlled sprint at about 45 feet turns into a full sprint to home plate.
3. figurative and in extended use.
a. A brief period of rapid or hasty activity, effort, etc., likened to that made by a competitor in a race; a rapid or hurried passage in a book, piece of music, etc.
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1895 Westm. Gaz. 23 Oct. 3/2 It may still seem..that there is too much of a ‘sprint’ in the last act.
1933 Musical Times 74 418/2 With its reappearance, fortissimo, in the home key of F minor,..the final sprint is well commenced.
1962 Financial Times 10 Dec. 9/6 The quick sprint seems to have failed and the anti-Malaysian forces have shown themselves to be better organised..than most people thought.
2003 Mod. Lang. Rev. 98 473 This chapter takes a sprint through the relevant varieties of Latin.
b. spec. Originally and chiefly in software development: a short phase of work with a preset objective (such as the delivery of a new, potentially viable version of a program or product), esp. one of a planned series of such phases of work within a single project.An individual sprint typically lasts one to four weeks, and working in sprints is a feature of agile (agile adj. 5) approaches to product development.
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2000 B. Foote et al. Pattern Lang. Program Des. IV. xxviii. 642 Sprints are short; therefore; the problem of completing a Sprint is much simpler than that of completing a project.
2004 M. Cohn User Stories Appl. for Agile Software Devel. 170 At the end of each month-long sprint the team has produced a coded, tested, and usable piece of software.
2015 Electronic Jrnl. Information Syst. Eval. (Nexis) July 3 The sprint planning meeting is held to determine the sprint backlog and the sprint objectives.
2016 M. Book et al. Tamed Agility App. C. 314 Working software is delivered at the end of each sprint.
Compounds
C1. General attributive, objective, and appositive, as sprint cyclist, sprint race, sprint runner, etc.
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1836 Observer 29 Aug. The next was a sprint race of 100 yards.
1867 E. Waugh Owd Blanket 82 Kempy..was a famous ‘sprint-runner’,..well known all over the country side.
1883 Standard 18 June 2/4 He..may..be dubbed the champion of the equine world over sprint courses.
1929 G. M. Butler Mod. Athletics ii. 30 During the sprint relay there should be a steward at each change-over station.
1981 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 3 Aug. c9 How many years was Reg Harris, the English sprint cyclist, a world champion?
2006 City North News (Brisbane) 29 June 29/4 The series will change from a 300km endurance race to three sprint races spread across the Saturday and Sunday.
C2.
sprint car n. a car designed to travel at high speed, esp. over a relatively short distance; now spec. (originally U.S.) a type of lightweight, powerful racing car, having a high power-to-weight ratio and raced over a short, oval circuit.Sprint car racing is particularly popular in North America, Australia, and New Zealand.
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society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor car > [noun] > other types of racing car
road racer1885
sprint car1904
road car1914
sprinter1984
1904 Autocar 4 June 755/2 The race will not necessarily go to the sprint car, but to the most reliable.
1950 Washington Post 24 Feb. b5/4 He has two midgets, two speedway cars and one sprint car.
1981 Telegraph (Brisbane) 27 Nov. 18/3 The Queensland Bomber and National Sprintcar champion, Bob Kelly also will be having a crack at tonight's title.
2003 Boston Globe 28 Apr. (Metropolitan ed.) a2/1 The couple were struck and killed by an out-of-control sprint car that flipped onto the infield at the Perris Motor Speedway.
sprint finish n. (a) (chiefly Athletics and Cycling) a substantial increase in speed in the final stages of a long race when approaching the finishing line; a final stage of a race in which competitors increase speed in this way; (b) (figurative and in extended use) a very fast, energetic, or productive finish to any activity or process.
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1892 Man of World 1 June 7/1 I should esteem him [sc. a racehorse] a certainty for a place if just lacking speed for a sprint finish.
1909 ΔΕΣΜὈΣ (Delta Sigma Delta Fraternity) Nov. 103 Christmas holidays being over, the boys have settled down to work, which looks well for a sprint finish.
1930 Athletic Jrnl. Mar. 13/1 He seldom sets pace, usually dropping behind the pace setter,..and relying upon a sprint finish of 220 yards to win.
1997 S. Abt Pedaling for Glory vi. 88 Cipollini was in his element since the roads, as flat as a filleted North Sea herring, guaranteed a sprint finish.
2014 F. Omaswa in F. Omaswa & N. Crisp Afr. Health Leaders (e-book, accessed 24 Aug. 2018) ii Leadership and coordinated action is critical now..for a sprint finish that will propel Africa to a state of irreversible progress.
sprint-out n. American Football a play in which the quarterback sprints towards the sideline before attempting to pass or run the ball; cf. rollout n. 2.Frequently (and in earliest use) in sprint out pass: a pass thrown from a sprint-out.
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1958 Brownsville (Texas) Herald 22 Oct. 6/1 Broyles tried to perfect a defense against the sprint-out pass routine of the Razorback's coming opponent.
1961 Amer.-Statesman (Austin, Texas) 29 Oct. c2/5 Cotten, running..sprint-outs with deadly effect, turned 15 rushes into 85 yards.
1995 Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, Illinois) 27 Oct. iv. 2/2 Fremd's multiple-formation attack..[is] heavy on bootlegs and sprint-out passes.
2016 L. Anderson Mannings ix. 95 Archie practiced his sprint-outs in the winter and early spring with Jake Gibbs, the former Ole Miss quarterback.
sprint start n. (a) (chiefly Athletics) a method of gaining maximum speed as quickly as possible at the beginning of a race, typically by starting from a crouching position which maximizes a runner's ability to accelerate (also attributive); (b) (figurative and in extended use) a very fast, energetic, or productive start to any activity or process.In quot. 1895: the crouching position assumed by a runner starting a race in this way.
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1895 Harper's Round Table 31 Dec. 211/2 When the command ‘Get set’ comes, he crouches in the regulation sprint start, much to the astonishment of the Harvard milers, who are standing erect, as mile-runners usually start.
1914 P. L. Wendell in P. Withington Bk. of Athletics 114 The ‘sprint start’ position with only one hand on the ground—and that only sufficiently to steady the runner—is a very good way to start.
1950 Tyrone (Pa.) Daily Herald 18 Apr. 8/3 The area's three scholastic baseball leagues get off to a sprint start alongside the major league races this afternoon.
1986 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 20 June Martina Koch made a sprint start in the European women's amateur golf championships.., carding a five-under 67 for a two-stroke first-day lead.
2011 S. Barrett Total Dumbbell Workout 30 My sprint start required me to explode out of the starting blocks, driving through one leg at a time.
2018 Convenience Store (Nexis) 13 July 41 A focus on low- or no-sugar lines..should help retailers get off to a sprint start with the category.
sprint training n. Sport (esp. Cycling, Athletics and Swimming) training that involves covering a short distance at the highest possible speed; spec. (in later use) a form of training in which very short bursts of highly intensive exercise are interspersed with short periods of recovery; sometimes also known more fully as interval sprint training.
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1879 Brentano's Aquatic Monthly & Sporting Gazetteer Apr. 491 Pedestrianism is..full of useful hints..of especial benefit to amateur athletes; its sprint training, mile race,..and treatment of the feet, merit careful perusal.
1892 Strand Mag. 3 531/1 At school he showed quality, and in 1885 began sprint training, winning the 220 yards championship of Ireland.
1916 G. H. Kistler in Intercollegiate Swimming Guide 1916–17 75 The sprint training is different from long distance work... For a 50 yards swim, at least 150 yards slowly once a day for the first week; second week, sprint 40 yards [etc.].
1962 Jrnl. Sports Med. & Physical Fitness 2 94/2 In the course of training (after the interval sprint training 5×100 m.).
1988 Jrnl. Appl. Sport Sci. Res. Aug. 46/2 Sprint training increases maximal running velocity, while prolonged continuous running does not.
2009 S. M. Love & A. D. Domar Live a Little 126 The..group rode the bike at an all-out effort for just thirty seconds at a time, resting or cycling very lightly for four minutes between intervals... After sprint training, their endurance doubled.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
sprintv.
/sprɪnt/, U.S. /sprɪnt/ 1.
a. intransitive. To run at full speed, esp. for a short distance; (also) to cycle, row, swim, etc., as fast as possible for a short distance or for a limited period of time.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > race [verb (intransitive)] > in specific manner
to make (all) the running1824
stay1834
sprint1841
to come with a wet sail1876
to stay the course1885
to sit in1952
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > going swiftly on foot > go swiftly on foot [verb (intransitive)] > run > run for a short time at full speed
sprint1897
1841 [implied in: Bell's Life in London 21 Mar. This crack sprinter is now prepared to run. (at sprinter n. 1a)].
1847 Era 10 Oct. 6/3 He sprinted up the ground, but..it was the attempt of an animated corpse.
1889 H. O'Reilly & J. Y. Nelson Fifty Years on Trail 177 By running and walking, or rather sprinting, the whole time.
1897 Scotsman 7 Oct. 7/1 He..sprinted at a good pace to where the observatory pathway commences.
1940 E. Hemingway For whom Bell Tolls xxvii. 344 Crouched behind the boulder, thinking that now he would have to sprint across that open space under fire.
1988 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 19 Oct. 78 Zamana sprinted away in the final three kilometres to win by three bike lengths.
2012 Seventeen Mar. 87/2 I sprinted over a fence and down the hill toward the house I'd seen.
b. transitive. To travel (a distance) as fast as possible; esp. to run (a distance, course, etc.) at full speed. Cf. sprint n.2 2.
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the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > going swiftly on foot > move or cause to move swiftly on foot [verb (transitive)] > run fast
sprint1845
1845 Bell's Life in London 13 July These clippers are matched to sprint 160 yards..at Bellevue, on the 20th of August.
1883 St. Louis (Missouri) Globe-Democrat 18 Aug. 4/1 It is possible, however, that there may be..one man in each nine who can not sprint a hundred yards in ten seconds.
1901 G. B. Shaw Admirable Bashville ii. 305 But many felt that Byron shewed bad taste In..Sprinting a hundred yards to show the crowd The perfect pink of his condition.
1982 Time 18 Oct. 64/3 When I trained, I wasn't used to sprinting the last two miles.
2013 R. Albergotti & V. O'Connell Wheelmen 38 He sprinted the final mile and crossed the finish line well ahead.
c. intransitive. figurative and in figurative contexts. To perform any action as quickly as possible, in as short a space of time as possible, or with a brief concentrated burst of effort; to rush, to race.
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the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move swiftly and suddenly
windc897
shootc1000
smite?c1225
flatc1300
lash13..
girda1400
shock?a1400
spara1400
spritc1400
whipc1440
skrim1487
glance1489
spang1513
whip1540
squirt1570
flirt1582
fly1590
sprunt1601
flame1633
darta1640
strike1639
jump1720
skite1721
scoot1758
jink1789
arrow1827
twitch1836
skive1854
sprint1899
skyhoot1901
catapult1928
slingshot1969
book1977
1899 C. Scott Drama of Yesterday & To-day I. xvi. 555 If a journalist has trained himself to ‘sprint’, he is naturally employed..on other departments of the paper.
1948 Washington Post 17 Oct. 9C/5 In mid-week the general level of prices sprinted ahead to a five-week high.
1970 Economist 9 May 82/1 (advt.) Japan has sprinted from a trailing position to become a front-runner among the industrial nations.
2014 Canad. Jrnl. Communication 39 291 A short conclusion that sprints through Elvis, MTV, American Idol, YouTube, and Guitar Hero.
2. transitive. Chiefly English regional. To sprinkle, spatter, or splash (a thing or person) with a liquid or other substance. Also intransitive. Cf. sprent v. 2b, sprink v. Now rare.
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the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of squirting or issuing in a jet > squirt or issue in a jet [verb (intransitive)] > in small drops
sprint1855
the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of sprinkling > sprinkle liquid or something with liquid [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle liquid
sprengeOE
springa1387
berainc1420
twirl1763
sprint1855
1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 165 To Sprint.., to splash, to bespot, or squirt upon with a fluid.
1862 C. C. Robinson Dial. Leeds & Neighbourhood 418 Sprint, to sprinkle lightly... A gardener in watering his plants can't help sprinting his boots.
1873 R. Ferguson Dial. Cumberland 135 Sprint,..to sprinkle, splutter like a pen.
1923 E. Gepp Essex Dial. Dict. (ed. 2) 106 Save them soapsuds, so I can sprint them beans what's got the collier.
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the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout forth or spring up
growc725
springOE
upspringc1000
sprouta1200
springa1225
risea1382
burgeon1382
burgea1387
to run upa1393
lance1393
bursta1400
launch1401
reke?1440
alighta1450
shoot1483
to come up?1523
start1587
to grow up1611
to come away1669
to break forth1675
upshoot1841
outgrow1861
sprinta1878
break1882
sprount1890
a1878 H. Ainslie Pilgrimage to Land of Burns & Poems (1892) 303 Rare plants that beautify the Spring Aft sprint frae roughest spot.
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the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > going swiftly on foot > go swiftly on foot [verb (intransitive)] > run > run on the toes
sprint1888
1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield 234 Sprint, to spring, to leap forward.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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