speciallyadv.

Brit.

/ˈspɛʃ(ə)li/,

/ˈspɛʃl̩i/, U.S.

/ˈspɛʃ(ə)li/

Forms: Middle English spacialliche (south-eastern), Middle English spcialy (transmission error), Middle English specealy, Middle English speciale, Middle English specialeke, Middle English specialelich, Middle English speciali, Middle English specialich, Middle English specialiche, Middle English speciallich, Middle English specialliche, Middle English specialyche, Middle English specyalle, Middle English specyaly, Middle English spescialy, Middle English spesialy, Middle English spessially, Middle English spesyaly, Middle English spetyally, Middle English spially (transmission error), Middle English–1500s specialli, Middle English–1500s speciallye, Middle English–1500s specyally, Middle English–1600s specialy, Middle English–1600s spetiallye, Middle English– specially, 1500s specialie, 1500s specyallye, 1500s spesially, 1500s–1600s speciallie, 1500s–1600s spetially; Scottish pre-1700 speaciallie, pre-1700 speacialy, pre-1700 specaly, pre-1700 speccallie, pre-1700 specealie, pre-1700 specealy, pre-1700 speciali, pre-1700 specialie, pre-1700 specialli, pre-1700 speciallie, pre-1700 speciallye, pre-1700 specialy, pre-1700 specialye, pre-1700 specillie, pre-1700 specllie (transmission error), pre-1700 specyally, pre-1700 specyaly, pre-1700 speischailly, pre-1700 spetialie, pre-1700 spetiallie, pre-1700 spetialy, pre-1700 spetialye, pre-1700 1700s– specially, 1800s speeshally, 1900s– speecially.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; partly modelled on a Latin lexical item, and partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: special adj., -ly suffix².

Etymology: < special adj. + -ly suffix², after classical Latin speciāliter in particular, specifically, individually, according to species, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French specialment, specialement (French spécialement ) particularly (first half of the 12th cent.), expressly (late 13th cent. or earlier), Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French especialement, especialment, especiaument (see especially adv.). Compare especially adv.With sense 7 compare special n. 4.

1. For a special purpose; expressly.In quot. 1882: by special effort or application.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > [adverb] > for a or the particular purpose

for the noncec1175

speciallyc1325

express1386

purposelyc1520

expresslya1616

for the very nonce1627

ad hoc1639

of the nonce1665

on the very nonce1665

determinately1862

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adverb] > by special effort

specially1882

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 10220 Þe king of alimayne sende specialliche inou To king Ion þat he wiþdrowe him of is wou.

c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 43 God ches folk specialliche.., Þat was þe kenred of leuy, Offyce for to fonge.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 935 Alle þe world so wyde and brade, Our Lord speciali for man made.

?a1430 T. Hoccleve Mother of God l. 115 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 55 The fadir god gan edifie (By his sone oonlygeten specially) To him an hows.

1566 T. Stapleton Returne Vntruthes Jewelles Replie iv. f. 95^v He..in gentle and frendly maner exhorteth them to appeare..before the Councell of sundry bisshoppes summoned specially for that purpose.

1588 G. Babington Profitable Expos. Lords Prayer i. 124 Looke into our petitions earnestly how and which way they serue to that before we make them, and then begge them specially for that end.

1619 T. Gataker Of Nature & Use Lots vii. 158 Lots were sometime extraordinarily Gods Oracles in some cases whereunto they were by God then specially for that purpose assigned.

1657 J. Tombes Anti-pædobaptism: 3rd Pt. xxv. 164 Circumcision of infants was specially for that reason, to wit, the peculiar promises to Abrahams natural posterity.

1777 K. Fitzgerald Let. to Directors East India Company 3 Induced the Proprietors, at a General Court, called specially for the purpose.

1790 Ann. Reg. 1788 Hist. Europe 110/1 The expence of providing transports specially for the purpose..would be enormous.

1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 502 Mr. Mills invariably raises plants specially for that purpose.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) II. 179/2 It is better to make them specially for each patient.

1882 E. A. Freeman Lect. Amer. Audiences 124 The Latin tongue..lives on..as a book-language specially learned.

1948 Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 174/1 Even my mustache—I grew it specially for this show.

1990 N. Hill Death grows on You (1992) xiii. 161 She has a new suit and hat, bought specially.

2004 H. Fearnley-Whittingstall River Cottage Meat Bk. iii. 52 Ask him if he can procure something specially for you, even if he doesn't normally stock it.

2. In a special manner; in a degree or to an extent beyond what is usual or customary; particularly.

a. Qualifying a verb.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > [adverb]

sundrilyeOE

properly1340

specially1340

notablya1425

particularly?a1425

appropriately1530

severallyc1610

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > [adverb]

hurec893

sunderlyeOE

highlyOE

namelya1200

sunderlepesa1200

sunderlepea1225

specialc1230

specially1340

serelya1375

principallyc1390

especially?a1400

rathestc1400

singularlyc1430

selfly1503

singular1530

enspecial1534

inespecially1557

nearly1560

peculiarly1561

inespecial1569

especial1591

speciouslya1616

nominately1641

chief1645

perpendicularly1658

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 7 Þise þri hestes diȝteþ ous to gode specialliche.

a1425 (?a1350) Seven Sages (Galba) (1907) l. 3873 On God in heuyn ay thinkes he, And specially he praied him till To help him.

1486 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 18 The said preest..to..be alwey charged specially & deuoutly to pray daily..for the soule of the said Iohn Nasyng.

1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 20 Preamble Your said Besecher..was specially requyred to arrest and take the said John.

1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxvii^v Speciallye we beseche thee to saue and defende thy seruaunt, Edwarde our Kyng.

1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons Ded. 9 b They haue vsed diuers waies.., but chieflie two, speciallie to be noted.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 50 Not so much in secrecy and in sparingnesse of speech..as more specially in Court factions.

1629 E. Bolton Cities Aduocate iii. 26 Some such few others which may more specially stand in the first classe of the most generous mysteries.

1691 in Further Evid. Nairne Peerage (1874) 135 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. D) XII. 199 Lykeas by the said first contract..it is specially provided and declared.

a1746 F. Hutcheson Syst. Moral Philos. (1755) II. iii. viii. 303 The descent of crowns, where nothing is more specially determined upon the event of forfeiture or abdication.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xvi. 313 Measurements..which bear more specially upon the subject.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 404 There appears to be a need of some bold man who specially honours plainness of speech.

1955 Keats–Shelly Jrnl. 4 50 The stanza from Chatterton specially loved and quoted by Keats.

2010 Pioneer Press (St. Paul, Minnesota) 21 Apr. Several legislators deserve to be commended specially for their efforts.

b. Qualifying an adjective or adverb.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly > remarkably or extraordinarily

outnumenlyc1175

outnumenc1225

disguisilyc1325

notablya1398

speciallya1398

oddc1400

oddlyc1400

singularlyc1430

strangelya1450

notable1481

outragec1540

out-takingly1549

supernaturally1578

rarely1581

extraordinarily1593

signally1598

unvulgarly1602

unexpectedly1605

essentially?1606

remarkably1615

unusually1615

particularly1616

eminently1632

extraordinary1632

markablya1634

considerably1646

surprisingly1661

out-of-the-way1718

unco1724

conspicuouslya1732

heroically1735

uncommonly1751

strikingly1752

uncommon1784

pronouncedly1785

markedly1811

awesomea1835

noticeably1845

rousing1847

exceptionally1848

outstandingly1851

prominently1885

accentedly1904

hella1987

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. xcix. 880 Þanne glas is clene and pure and specialliche bright and clere, and ymages and schadewes beþ yseye þerinne.

?a1475 (a1396) W. Hilton Scale of Perfection (Harl. 6579) i. lxi. f. 42^v Goode dedis..arn speciali acceptable to þe siȝt of God.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 207 (MED) A Specialy behouabill Place of Prayynge is a pryue Place.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 842 Specially wel,..fort bien.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Song of Sol. ii. 4 He..loueth me specially well.

1605 J. Mosan tr. C. Wirsung Gen. Pract. Physick 89 Celendine decocted with hony, which is specially good for all darknesse of the eyes.

1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Matt. iii. 2 Tho' repentance be always a duty, it's specially necessary to..our assurance of pardon.

1702 S. Stoddon Dissenters No Schismaticks iii. 76 Your Episcopate, according to your Hypothesis, is an Order and Office specially distinct from the Presbyterate.

1723 F. Hawling Impertinent Lovers i. 13 I am specially well in her Favour.

1847 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) III. 659 That alliance of a specially religious nature.

1867 D. G. Mitchell Rural Stud. 108 As a hint for better ones, I think it specially good.

1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Ess. 1st Ser. viii. 243 The military results..were not specially glorious.

1924 Musical Times 65 992/2 We are sending these specially early.

2010 Mirror (Nexis) 6 Nov. 42 It..goes specially well with roast pork and lamb.

3. Introducing a clause, typically one that strengthens, amplifies, or particularizes a previous statement or argument: particularly, especially, specifically.

a. In and specially.

ΚΠ

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 48 To þo zenne belongeþ..alle manyere eyse of bodye out of nyede, and specialliche ydelnesse.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1440 Say him þat he me restare þat he haþ mystaken away, And specialiche myn barouns free.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 59 To alle crystyn men,..And speciali alle be name Þe felaushepe of Symprynghame, Roberde of Brunne greteþ ȝow.

?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 643 God..preserve him in alle manere thyng, And specially..In enemyes handes that he neuere ffalle.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. lx. B The Iles also shal gather them vnto me, and specially the shippes of y^e see.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. v. 35 To the great pleasure..of vs.., and specially of the faire dames.

a1630 F. Moryson in Shakespeare's Europe (1903) v. i. 420 Toscany, and more spetially the Citty and State of Florence therein contayned, is noted to yealde men of stronge memorye.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxv. 216 In the Writings of Divines, and specially in Sermons.

1718 Hist. Reg. 1717 263 His Majesty's good Subjects, who dwell near to the Part where they resort, and specially in the Sheriffdoms of Perth, Sterling, Clackmannan, Monteith, Lennoxange, and Mernes.

1807 A. Knox Remains (1834) I. 71 For the attention I have ever received from them, and specially for the invaluable regard of individuals, I trust I am cordially grateful.

1873 R. Hart Let. 7 Mar. in J. K. Fairbank et al. I. G. in Peking (1975) I. 97 I must thank yourself for the careful attention you have given to this affair, and specially for your self-denial in remaining in London, when the case was coming on.

1950 C. M. Breuning-Williamson tr. P. T. A. Swillens Johannes Vermeer 97 Such liberties were permitted in general and specially by Ripa himself.

2012 Church Times 26 Oct. 29/1 Thank you for your leading article ‘What cathedrals are good at’.., and specially for the reference to parish-church cathedrals.

b. Without and.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > [adverb]

hurec893

sunderlyeOE

highlyOE

namelya1200

sunderlepesa1200

sunderlepea1225

specialc1230

specially1340

serelya1375

principallyc1390

especially?a1400

rathestc1400

singularlyc1430

selfly1503

singular1530

enspecial1534

inespecially1557

nearly1560

peculiarly1561

inespecial1569

especial1591

speciouslya1616

nominately1641

chief1645

perpendicularly1658

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 45 Zuyche kuade gemenes, specialliche of des and of tables, byeþ uorbode be riȝte uor manye zennes þet uolȝeþ zuyche gemenes.

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 5750 Her hertis arn in grete distresse That folk lyue not holily But abouen all specialy Sich as prechen veynglorie.

?1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton i. sig. Bvi Thou oughtest not to mocke..none other, specyally whan thy wyll is to haue companye with hem.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 20 That thyng wych one callyth lyght knolege..the other callyth ignorance specyally when hyt ys over come wyth the contrary persuasyon.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 14^v That the sicke may be..looked vnto, specially yf their diseases be contagious.

1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 135 And be so true to thy Selfe, as thou be not false to Others; Specially to thy King, and Country.

1650 J. Howell Addit. Lett. xx. 33 in Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 2) Translations are but as turn-coated things at best, specially among languages that have advantages one of the other.

1709 D. Defoe Hist. Union Great Brit. App. ii. 1 The Commission of the General Assembly taking to their most serious Consideration, the great and weighty Affairs now in Agitation, specially the Treaty betwixt the two Kingdoms.

1790 E. Helme tr. F. Le Vaillant Trav. Afr. I. ii. 23 The citrus and oranges (specially the sort called naretyes [sic]) are excellent.

1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. iii. ix. 451 Toscheoderach, an officer, or jurisdiction, not unlike to a baillierie, specially, in the isles.

1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 11 Child's play call it—specially when one descends!

1917 E. Grubb What is Quakerism? v. 99 The main work of the Elders is to foster more directly the spiritual life of the congregations, specially in regard to the vocal ministry.

1954 Life 28 June 119 (advt.) Don't ever let your heart rule your head—specially when you shop for cottons!

2005 R. Douglas Night Song Last Tram 73 ‘Ah could hardly keep fae laughing,’ says my father, ‘specially when the dentist said, “He has a rather colourful vocabulary for six”.’

†4. In detail; specifically; not generally or vaguely. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [adverb] > in detail

sundrya1400

speciallyc1405

parcelly1451

particulary1473

particularly1489

plentifully?1544

inventorially1604

punctually1618

detailedly1806

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Shipman's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 343 He hym tolde agayn ful specially How he hadde wel yboght.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 7526 Now wille I tylle þe sevend part wende,..Þe whilk spekes..Specialy of þe ioyes in heven.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 95 Law canoun and law ciuile,..determynis specialy, as law and resoun gevis.

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) ii. viii. sig. k.vi The whiche thynge ought to be vnderstande generally & specyally.

1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xlii^v Yf he pleade the release specyally.

1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 43 Whereby men are most specially specificated and individuated.

†5. Above or beyond, more than, other things or persons; to a supreme degree; pre-eminently. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > in the greatest degree or most > in or to the highest degree

principallyc1390

speciallya1425

consummately1529

extremelya1533

out1555

pre-eminently1590

superlatively1596

supremely1597

supereminently1610

super-superlatively1632

ad extremum1640

highest1726

supernally1874

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 3603 Þan may þe saules in purgatory, By way of grace specialy, Be delivered of pyn.

c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 160 It is ful perilous..to..haue a name of holynesse, as hauen specially thise recluses.

1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer iii. f. ccclvi But specyallyche predestynation of goodnesse alone, is sayde by these great clerkes.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward V f. ix^v In twoo places specially, the one at the elbow of the cytee, and the other in the very bowels.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) i. i. 117 To labour and effect one thing specially .

†6. in specially: particularly, especially. Cf. inespecially adv., and in special adv. at special adj., adv., and n. Phrases 1 Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > especially or particularly [phrase]

hure and hurea1175

in special1389

in especialc1390

in speciallyc1450

with (also by, in, of) specialtyc1450

in particular1502

in speciality1543

in peculiar1607

of (also with) a specialty1686

c1450 Contin. Lydgate's Secrees (Sloane 2464) l. 1700 (MED) Yif thou be necligent and vnstable In Eyen and brayn in specially, In these thynges thou shalt haue gret mallady.

?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. cc.v^v For other nacyons our lawe ne dredeth But our swerd they do in specyally.

1505 F. Marsin et al. Rep. Ferdinand of Arragon in J. Gairdner Historia Regis Henrici Septimi (1858) 280 In specially he intendithe a yenst the Kynge of Oran.

1526 in T. West Antiq. Furness (1805) 132 Inspecially for the tythes of certain touns and fermholds.

1558 W. Bullein Govt. Healthe f. lxxxvi Lighte poudered yonge Beefe, is better then eyther freshe or muche powdered. In speciallye those Cattell that be fed in fayre and drye Pastures, and not in stinckinge fennes.

†7. With regard to species. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [adverb] > species or sub-species

specially1628

univocallya1676

subspecifically1837

1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 66 Two men are the same specially, because they haue a reasonable soule.

Compounds

Modifying a participial adjective (frequently hyphenated), esp. in sense 1, as specially-adapted, specially-arranged, etc.

ΚΠ

1872 C. Darwin Origin of Species (ed. 6) vii. 190 To break the egg-shell by tapping..with their specially adapted beaks.

1880 A. Geikie Elem. Lessons Physical Geogr. (new ed.) iii. 127 A specially arranged kind of thermometer.

1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 610 In newly and specially-erected premises.

1893 J. A. Hodges Elem. Photogr. (1907) 139 The specially-prepared plates to which I have referred.

1929 Times 29 Oct. xxii/4 Surfaces of fanciful design [are obtained] by pressing against specially-designed embossing rolls.

1946 R.A.F. Jrnl. May 168 He gathered a nucleus of specially-trained crews around him.

1968 Daily Tel. 4 Nov. 13/4 They strummed and sang their specially-composed samba.

1980 H. Carpenter in K. Thomas Founders of Faith (1989) i. 191 The ‘Covenant’ was God's promise to the Jews that they were to be his specially favoured people providing they kept his law.

1990 Country Homes Oct. 28/2 (advt.) Our exclusive range of English Delft, Victorian, Art Nouveau and specially created border and corner tiles are all featured in our latest brochure.

2007 New Scientist 24 Feb. 38/2 The propfan uses specially shaped high-speed propellers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	specially
释义	speciallyadv. Brit. /ˈspɛʃ(ə)li/, /ˈspɛʃl̩i/, U.S. /ˈspɛʃ(ə)li/ Forms: Middle English spacialliche (south-eastern), Middle English spcialy (transmission error), Middle English specealy, Middle English speciale, Middle English specialeke, Middle English specialelich, Middle English speciali, Middle English specialich, Middle English specialiche, Middle English speciallich, Middle English specialliche, Middle English specialyche, Middle English specyalle, Middle English specyaly, Middle English spescialy, Middle English spesialy, Middle English spessially, Middle English spesyaly, Middle English spetyally, Middle English spially (transmission error), Middle English–1500s specialli, Middle English–1500s speciallye, Middle English–1500s specyally, Middle English–1600s specialy, Middle English–1600s spetiallye, Middle English– specially, 1500s specialie, 1500s specyallye, 1500s spesially, 1500s–1600s speciallie, 1500s–1600s spetially; Scottish pre-1700 speaciallie, pre-1700 speacialy, pre-1700 specaly, pre-1700 speccallie, pre-1700 specealie, pre-1700 specealy, pre-1700 speciali, pre-1700 specialie, pre-1700 specialli, pre-1700 speciallie, pre-1700 speciallye, pre-1700 specialy, pre-1700 specialye, pre-1700 specillie, pre-1700 specllie (transmission error), pre-1700 specyally, pre-1700 specyaly, pre-1700 speischailly, pre-1700 spetialie, pre-1700 spetiallie, pre-1700 spetialy, pre-1700 spetialye, pre-1700 1700s– specially, 1800s speeshally, 1900s– speecially. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; partly modelled on a Latin lexical item, and partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: special adj., -ly suffix². Etymology: < special adj. + -ly suffix², after classical Latin speciāliter in particular, specifically, individually, according to species, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French specialment, specialement (French spécialement ) particularly (first half of the 12th cent.), expressly (late 13th cent. or earlier), Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French especialement, especialment, especiaument (see especially adv.). Compare especially adv.With sense 7 compare special n. 4. 1. For a special purpose; expressly.In quot. 1882: by special effort or application. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [adverb] > for a or the particular purpose for the noncec1175 speciallyc1325 express1386 purposelyc1520 expresslya1616 for the very nonce1627 ad hoc1639 of the nonce1665 on the very nonce1665 determinately1862 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adverb] > by special effort specially1882 c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 10220 Þe king of alimayne sende specialliche inou To king Ion þat he wiþdrowe him of is wou. c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 43 God ches folk specialliche.., Þat was þe kenred of leuy, Offyce for to fonge. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 935 Alle þe world so wyde and brade, Our Lord speciali for man made. ?a1430 T. Hoccleve Mother of God l. 115 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 55 The fadir god gan edifie (By his sone oonlygeten specially) To him an hows. 1566 T. Stapleton Returne Vntruthes Jewelles Replie iv. f. 95^v He..in gentle and frendly maner exhorteth them to appeare..before the Councell of sundry bisshoppes summoned specially for that purpose. 1588 G. Babington Profitable Expos. Lords Prayer i. 124 Looke into our petitions earnestly how and which way they serue to that before we make them, and then begge them specially for that end. 1619 T. Gataker Of Nature & Use Lots vii. 158 Lots were sometime extraordinarily Gods Oracles in some cases whereunto they were by God then specially for that purpose assigned. 1657 J. Tombes Anti-pædobaptism: 3rd Pt. xxv. 164 Circumcision of infants was specially for that reason, to wit, the peculiar promises to Abrahams natural posterity. 1777 K. Fitzgerald Let. to Directors East India Company 3 Induced the Proprietors, at a General Court, called specially for the purpose. 1790 Ann. Reg. 1788 Hist. Europe 110/1 The expence of providing transports specially for the purpose..would be enormous. 1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 502 Mr. Mills invariably raises plants specially for that purpose. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) II. 179/2 It is better to make them specially for each patient. 1882 E. A. Freeman Lect. Amer. Audiences 124 The Latin tongue..lives on..as a book-language specially learned. 1948 Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 174/1 Even my mustache—I grew it specially for this show. 1990 N. Hill Death grows on You (1992) xiii. 161 She has a new suit and hat, bought specially. 2004 H. Fearnley-Whittingstall River Cottage Meat Bk. iii. 52 Ask him if he can procure something specially for you, even if he doesn't normally stock it. 2. In a special manner; in a degree or to an extent beyond what is usual or customary; particularly. a. Qualifying a verb. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > [adverb] sundrilyeOE properly1340 specially1340 notablya1425 particularly?a1425 appropriately1530 severallyc1610 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > [adverb] hurec893 sunderlyeOE highlyOE namelya1200 sunderlepesa1200 sunderlepea1225 specialc1230 specially1340 specially1340 serelya1375 principallyc1390 especially?a1400 rathestc1400 singularlyc1430 selfly1503 singular1530 enspecial1534 inespecially1557 nearly1560 peculiarly1561 inespecial1569 especial1591 speciouslya1616 nominately1641 chief1645 perpendicularly1658 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 7 Þise þri hestes diȝteþ ous to gode specialliche. a1425 (?a1350) Seven Sages (Galba) (1907) l. 3873 On God in heuyn ay thinkes he, And specially he praied him till To help him. 1486 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 18 The said preest..to..be alwey charged specially & deuoutly to pray daily..for the soule of the said Iohn Nasyng. 1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 20 Preamble Your said Besecher..was specially requyred to arrest and take the said John. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxvii^v Speciallye we beseche thee to saue and defende thy seruaunt, Edwarde our Kyng. 1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons Ded. 9 b They haue vsed diuers waies.., but chieflie two, speciallie to be noted. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 50 Not so much in secrecy and in sparingnesse of speech..as more specially in Court factions. 1629 E. Bolton Cities Aduocate iii. 26 Some such few others which may more specially stand in the first classe of the most generous mysteries. 1691 in Further Evid. Nairne Peerage (1874) 135 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. D) XII. 199 Lykeas by the said first contract..it is specially provided and declared. a1746 F. Hutcheson Syst. Moral Philos. (1755) II. iii. viii. 303 The descent of crowns, where nothing is more specially determined upon the event of forfeiture or abdication. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xvi. 313 Measurements..which bear more specially upon the subject. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 404 There appears to be a need of some bold man who specially honours plainness of speech. 1955 Keats–Shelly Jrnl. 4 50 The stanza from Chatterton specially loved and quoted by Keats. 2010 Pioneer Press (St. Paul, Minnesota) 21 Apr. Several legislators deserve to be commended specially for their efforts. b. Qualifying an adjective or adverb. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly > remarkably or extraordinarily outnumenlyc1175 outnumenc1225 disguisilyc1325 notablya1398 speciallya1398 oddc1400 oddlyc1400 singularlyc1430 strangelya1450 notable1481 outragec1540 out-takingly1549 supernaturally1578 rarely1581 extraordinarily1593 signally1598 unvulgarly1602 unexpectedly1605 essentially?1606 remarkably1615 unusually1615 particularly1616 eminently1632 extraordinary1632 markablya1634 considerably1646 surprisingly1661 out-of-the-way1718 unco1724 conspicuouslya1732 heroically1735 uncommonly1751 strikingly1752 uncommon1784 pronouncedly1785 markedly1811 awesomea1835 noticeably1845 rousing1847 exceptionally1848 outstandingly1851 prominently1885 accentedly1904 hella1987 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. xcix. 880 Þanne glas is clene and pure and specialliche bright and clere, and ymages and schadewes beþ yseye þerinne. ?a1475 (a1396) W. Hilton Scale of Perfection (Harl. 6579) i. lxi. f. 42^v Goode dedis..arn speciali acceptable to þe siȝt of God. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 207 (MED) A Specialy behouabill Place of Prayynge is a pryue Place. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 842 Specially wel,..fort bien. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Song of Sol. ii. 4 He..loueth me specially well. 1605 J. Mosan tr. C. Wirsung Gen. Pract. Physick 89 Celendine decocted with hony, which is specially good for all darknesse of the eyes. 1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Matt. iii. 2 Tho' repentance be always a duty, it's specially necessary to..our assurance of pardon. 1702 S. Stoddon Dissenters No Schismaticks iii. 76 Your Episcopate, according to your Hypothesis, is an Order and Office specially distinct from the Presbyterate. 1723 F. Hawling Impertinent Lovers i. 13 I am specially well in her Favour. 1847 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) III. 659 That alliance of a specially religious nature. 1867 D. G. Mitchell Rural Stud. 108 As a hint for better ones, I think it specially good. 1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Ess. 1st Ser. viii. 243 The military results..were not specially glorious. 1924 Musical Times 65 992/2 We are sending these specially early. 2010 Mirror (Nexis) 6 Nov. 42 It..goes specially well with roast pork and lamb. 3. Introducing a clause, typically one that strengthens, amplifies, or particularizes a previous statement or argument: particularly, especially, specifically. a. In and specially. ΚΠ 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 48 To þo zenne belongeþ..alle manyere eyse of bodye out of nyede, and specialliche ydelnesse. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1440 Say him þat he me restare þat he haþ mystaken away, And specialiche myn barouns free. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 59 To alle crystyn men,..And speciali alle be name Þe felaushepe of Symprynghame, Roberde of Brunne greteþ ȝow. ?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 643 God..preserve him in alle manere thyng, And specially..In enemyes handes that he neuere ffalle. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. lx. B The Iles also shal gather them vnto me, and specially the shippes of y^e see. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. v. 35 To the great pleasure..of vs.., and specially of the faire dames. a1630 F. Moryson in Shakespeare's Europe (1903) v. i. 420 Toscany, and more spetially the Citty and State of Florence therein contayned, is noted to yealde men of stronge memorye. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxv. 216 In the Writings of Divines, and specially in Sermons. 1718 Hist. Reg. 1717 263 His Majesty's good Subjects, who dwell near to the Part where they resort, and specially in the Sheriffdoms of Perth, Sterling, Clackmannan, Monteith, Lennoxange, and Mernes. 1807 A. Knox Remains (1834) I. 71 For the attention I have ever received from them, and specially for the invaluable regard of individuals, I trust I am cordially grateful. 1873 R. Hart Let. 7 Mar. in J. K. Fairbank et al. I. G. in Peking (1975) I. 97 I must thank yourself for the careful attention you have given to this affair, and specially for your self-denial in remaining in London, when the case was coming on. 1950 C. M. Breuning-Williamson tr. P. T. A. Swillens Johannes Vermeer 97 Such liberties were permitted in general and specially by Ripa himself. 2012 Church Times 26 Oct. 29/1 Thank you for your leading article ‘What cathedrals are good at’.., and specially for the reference to parish-church cathedrals. b. Without and. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > [adverb] hurec893 sunderlyeOE highlyOE namelya1200 sunderlepesa1200 sunderlepea1225 specialc1230 specially1340 specially1340 serelya1375 principallyc1390 especially?a1400 rathestc1400 singularlyc1430 selfly1503 singular1530 enspecial1534 inespecially1557 nearly1560 peculiarly1561 inespecial1569 especial1591 speciouslya1616 nominately1641 chief1645 perpendicularly1658 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 45 Zuyche kuade gemenes, specialliche of des and of tables, byeþ uorbode be riȝte uor manye zennes þet uolȝeþ zuyche gemenes. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 5750 Her hertis arn in grete distresse That folk lyue not holily But abouen all specialy Sich as prechen veynglorie. ?1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton i. sig. Bvi Thou oughtest not to mocke..none other, specyally whan thy wyll is to haue companye with hem. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 20 That thyng wych one callyth lyght knolege..the other callyth ignorance specyally when hyt ys over come wyth the contrary persuasyon. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 14^v That the sicke may be..looked vnto, specially yf their diseases be contagious. 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 135 And be so true to thy Selfe, as thou be not false to Others; Specially to thy King, and Country. 1650 J. Howell Addit. Lett. xx. 33 in Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 2) Translations are but as turn-coated things at best, specially among languages that have advantages one of the other. 1709 D. Defoe Hist. Union Great Brit. App. ii. 1 The Commission of the General Assembly taking to their most serious Consideration, the great and weighty Affairs now in Agitation, specially the Treaty betwixt the two Kingdoms. 1790 E. Helme tr. F. Le Vaillant Trav. Afr. I. ii. 23 The citrus and oranges (specially the sort called naretyes [sic]) are excellent. 1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. iii. ix. 451 Toscheoderach, an officer, or jurisdiction, not unlike to a baillierie, specially, in the isles. 1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 11 Child's play call it—specially when one descends! 1917 E. Grubb What is Quakerism? v. 99 The main work of the Elders is to foster more directly the spiritual life of the congregations, specially in regard to the vocal ministry. 1954 Life 28 June 119 (advt.) Don't ever let your heart rule your head—specially when you shop for cottons! 2005 R. Douglas Night Song Last Tram 73 ‘Ah could hardly keep fae laughing,’ says my father, ‘specially when the dentist said, “He has a rather colourful vocabulary for six”.’ †4. In detail; specifically; not generally or vaguely. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [adverb] > in detail sundrya1400 speciallyc1405 parcelly1451 particulary1473 particularly1489 plentifully?1544 inventorially1604 punctually1618 detailedly1806 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Shipman's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 343 He hym tolde agayn ful specially How he hadde wel yboght. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 7526 Now wille I tylle þe sevend part wende,..Þe whilk spekes..Specialy of þe ioyes in heven. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 95 Law canoun and law ciuile,..determynis specialy, as law and resoun gevis. 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) ii. viii. sig. k.vi The whiche thynge ought to be vnderstande generally & specyally. 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xlii^v Yf he pleade the release specyally. 1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 43 Whereby men are most specially specificated and individuated. †5. Above or beyond, more than, other things or persons; to a supreme degree; pre-eminently. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > in the greatest degree or most > in or to the highest degree principallyc1390 speciallya1425 consummately1529 extremelya1533 out1555 pre-eminently1590 superlatively1596 supremely1597 supereminently1610 super-superlatively1632 ad extremum1640 highest1726 supernally1874 a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 3603 Þan may þe saules in purgatory, By way of grace specialy, Be delivered of pyn. c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 160 It is ful perilous..to..haue a name of holynesse, as hauen specially thise recluses. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer iii. f. ccclvi But specyallyche predestynation of goodnesse alone, is sayde by these great clerkes. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward V f. ix^v In twoo places specially, the one at the elbow of the cytee, and the other in the very bowels. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) i. i. 117 To labour and effect one thing specially . View more context for this quotation †6. in specially: particularly, especially. Cf. inespecially adv., and in special adv. at special adj., adv., and n. Phrases 1 Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > especially or particularly [phrase] hure and hurea1175 in special1389 in especialc1390 in speciallyc1450 with (also by, in, of) specialtyc1450 in particular1502 in speciality1543 in peculiar1607 of (also with) a specialty1686 c1450 Contin. Lydgate's Secrees (Sloane 2464) l. 1700 (MED) Yif thou be necligent and vnstable In Eyen and brayn in specially, In these thynges thou shalt haue gret mallady. ?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. cc.v^v For other nacyons our lawe ne dredeth But our swerd they do in specyally. 1505 F. Marsin et al. Rep. Ferdinand of Arragon in J. Gairdner Historia Regis Henrici Septimi (1858) 280 In specially he intendithe a yenst the Kynge of Oran. 1526 in T. West Antiq. Furness (1805) 132 Inspecially for the tythes of certain touns and fermholds. 1558 W. Bullein Govt. Healthe f. lxxxvi Lighte poudered yonge Beefe, is better then eyther freshe or muche powdered. In speciallye those Cattell that be fed in fayre and drye Pastures, and not in stinckinge fennes. †7. With regard to species. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [adverb] > species or sub-species specially1628 univocallya1676 subspecifically1837 1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 66 Two men are the same specially, because they haue a reasonable soule. Compounds Modifying a participial adjective (frequently hyphenated), esp. in sense 1, as specially-adapted, specially-arranged, etc. ΚΠ 1872 C. Darwin Origin of Species (ed. 6) vii. 190 To break the egg-shell by tapping..with their specially adapted beaks. 1880 A. Geikie Elem. Lessons Physical Geogr. (new ed.) iii. 127 A specially arranged kind of thermometer. 1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 610 In newly and specially-erected premises. 1893 J. A. Hodges Elem. Photogr. (1907) 139 The specially-prepared plates to which I have referred. 1929 Times 29 Oct. xxii/4 Surfaces of fanciful design [are obtained] by pressing against specially-designed embossing rolls. 1946 R.A.F. Jrnl. May 168 He gathered a nucleus of specially-trained crews around him. 1968 Daily Tel. 4 Nov. 13/4 They strummed and sang their specially-composed samba. 1980 H. Carpenter in K. Thomas Founders of Faith (1989) i. 191 The ‘Covenant’ was God's promise to the Jews that they were to be his specially favoured people providing they kept his law. 1990 Country Homes Oct. 28/2 (advt.) Our exclusive range of English Delft, Victorian, Art Nouveau and specially created border and corner tiles are all featured in our latest brochure. 2007 New Scientist 24 Feb. 38/2 The propfan uses specially shaped high-speed propellers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adv.c1325
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