† soldn.¹

Forms: α. Middle English soude, sowde, Middle English soode, sowede; Middle English, Scottish1700s–1800s soud, sowd. β. Middle English sawd(e. γ. Middle English–1500s sould(e. δ. Middle English–1600s sold, 1500s solde.

Etymology: < Old French soude, soulde (more commonly soudee , souldee , etc.), = Italian soldo , Portuguese soldo , Spanish sueldo < Latin solidum , accusative singular of solidus : see sol n.³ and sou n. (The modern French solde is due to Italian influence.) Compare Middle Dutch, Middle Low German, Middle High German solt, Dutch, German, Danish, Swedish sold.

Obsolete.

1. Pay (esp. of soldiers), wages, salary.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun]

hirec1000

shipec1000

shipingc1275

servicec1300

soldc1330

wage1338

payment1370

reward1371

pay?a1400

mercedec1400

remunerationc1400

souldie1474

emolument1480

soldery1502

stipend?1518

entertainment1535

task-money1593

consideration1607

gratuitya1637

wadage1679

addling1757

solde1852

treatment1852

screw1853

time1877

money1887

wage payment1923

α.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14234 Payen & Cristen knyght..at soud he held.

c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 146 Fle covetise of godis, and be payed wiþ ȝoure sowdes.

1440 R. Repps in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 22 My lord Tresorer grauntyd the seide vij c. marc. to my lord of Norffolk for the arrerage of hys sowde qwyl he was in Scotlond.

1475 Bk. Noblesse (Roxb.) 31 That the said chieftein must pay his men of soude..justly.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxli For the wage & sowde of the Nauaroys and Englysshemen.

β. 1402 Polit. Poems (Rolls) II. 94 These paroche preestes that ministren the sacramentis, for a certen sawd bi ȝeer.c1450 King Ponthus & Fair Sidone i. (1897) 1 I schal paye their sawde for thre yer.γ. 1429 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 79 Ilk preest hauyng for his sould by yeer viij mrc'.1473 King Edward IV in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 8 For contentation of a yerely soulde.1542 W. Paget in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) IX. 198 He myndeth..to borowe the sould of 20000 men for a yere, if He canne obteyne it.1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War 216 To paye the soulde or wages of the sayd armye.δ. 1438 tr. Bk. Alexander Great (1831) 61 Serue ȝour soldis of the King.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 209 Thi worthi kyn may nocht the saiff for sold.1544 E. Harvel in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) IX. 619 For lacke of payment of his solde.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. V3^v Were your will, her sold to entertaine, And numbred be mongst knights of Maydenhed.1601 Bp. W. Barlow Def. Protestants Relig. 131 Lying in campe under sold and pay, fighting as souldiers.1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 163 Lastly, there is the Sold, or pay of 50000 foot.

2. Scottish. A sum or quantity (originally of money or gold).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun]

sumc1300

so muchc1384

quantity1405

sum in gross (also in great)1421

summa?a1425

amount1450

sold1513

bankc1530

quantum1602

cash1677

amt.1744

figure1842

a bit1894

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. i. 91 With a grete sold of gold fey Priamus Secretlie vmquhile send this Polidorus..to Polymnestor.

1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. (at cited word) Scot. Sowd, as a sowd of money, i.e. a great sum.

1795 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XIV. 74 (note) The tradesmen are paid..with a certain sum or quantity of victual annually agreed on, called soud.

1828 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch ii. 22 A sowd of toddy was swallowed.

1845 P. Still Cottar's Sunday 172 They wha grip Great souds o' hidden treasure.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† soldn.²

Forms: In Middle English sowde.

Etymology: ? < Old French *soude (Portuguese solda ) < Latin solida : compare sold n.¹ and sold v.²

Obsolete. rare. Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

Solder.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > solder

solder1374

soldc1440

soldering1648

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 466/1 Sowde, metel, consolidum solidarium.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

† soldn.³

Forms: In 1500s soulde, 1500s–1600s solde.

Etymology: < Italian soldo: compare sold n.¹ and sol n.³

Obsolete.

A sol or small coin.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > small coins collectively > a small coin

orkyn1542

liarda1549

solda1549

scute1594

orkey1648

sock1688

styca1705

dump1821

scuddick1823

bit1829

posh1830

rag1866

tosser1935

a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) xx. 171 They haue myttes, duccates, & soldes [in Hungary].

a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) xxxvii. 216 In syluer they haue [in Turkey] Aspers and Souldes; and ther be som Souldes that be brasse.

1599 J. Lok in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 108 Their horsemen haue onely sixe soldes Venetian a day.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

soldadj.

Brit.

/səʊld/, U.S.

/soʊld/

Forms: Also 1500s solde, Scottish sauld.

Etymology: past participle of sell v.

1. Disposed of by sale. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > [adjective] > sold

sold1535

alienated1611

venditive1633

vended1812

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Deut. xviii. 8 Besydes that which he hath of the solde good of his fathers.

1591 Exch. Rolls Scotl. XXII. 162 Thair is to be deducit the rest restand upoun the comptar at the fute of the sauld victuellis.

1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. clxv. 384 Except that Christ's grace hath bought such a sold body, I know not what else any may think of me.

1652 in M. Hickson Ireland in 17th Cent. (1884) I. 298 As the examt.'s husband told her when he came home next day, and withal said we were ‘a sold people’.

1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 217 The very same low distress'd Condition as he was in, I mean a sold Servant.

1854 P. Fairbairn Typology Script. (ed. 2) I. ii. vi. 338 The sold, hated, and crucified One.

1862 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 271 A volume of sketches of sold pictures.

2. Denoting a sale effected.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > [adjective] > sold > denoting

sold1862

1862 Parthenon 16 Aug. 497/1 Those pictures which have ‘sold’ tickets.

1891 Law Times 91 193/1 There was no clause about arbitration on the sold note sent by the brokers to the plaintiffs.

3. slang. Tricked, deceived. Cf. sell v. 9.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [adjective] > deceived

blindc1000

aguiledc1300

overseena1393

guiledc1400

bleared1549

fonded1566

siled1567

illuded1610

outwitted1766

sold1876

1876 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Tom Sawyer xvii. 147 As the ‘sold’ congregation trooped out they said they would almost be willing to be made ridiculous again.

4. sold-out.

a. colloquial. Bankrupt; exhausted, ‘finished’.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > [adjective] > going bankrupt > bankrupt

decoct1529

bankrupt1565

bankruptlike1625

cracked1632

bursten1638

bankrupted1649

crazy1700

crazed1732

busted1836

quisby1853

sold-out1859

bung1948

bust1964

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [adjective]

wearyc825

asadc1306

ateyntc1325

attaintc1325

recrayed1340

methefula1350

for-wearya1375

matea1375

taintc1380

heavy1382

fortireda1400

methefula1400

afoundered?a1425

tewedc1440

travailedc1440

wearisomec1460

fatigate1471

defatigatec1487

tired1488

recreant1490

yolden?1507

fulyeit?a1513

traiked?a1513

tavert1535

wearied1538

fatigated1552

awearya1555

forwearied1562

overtired1567

spenta1568

done1575

awearied1577

stank1579

languishinga1586

bankrupt?1589

fordone1590

spent1591

overwearied1592

overworn1592

outworn1597

half-dead1601

back-broken1603

tiry1611

defatigated1612

dog-wearya1616

overweary1617

exhaust1621

worn-out1639

embossed1651

outspent1652

exhausted1667

beaten1681

bejaded1687

harassed1693

jaded1693

lassate1694

defeata1732

beat out1758

fagged1764

dog-tired1770

fessive1773

done-up1784

forjeskit1786

ramfeezled1786

done-over1789

fatigued1791

forfoughten1794

worn-up1812

dead1813

out-burnta1821

prostrate1820

dead beat1822

told out1822

bone-tireda1825

traiky1825

overfatigued1834

outwearied1837

done like (a) dinner1838

magged1839

used up1839

tuckered outc1840

drained1855

floored1857

weariful1862

wappered1868

bushed1870

bezzled1875

dead-beaten1875

down1885

tucked up1891

ready (or fit) to drop1892

buggered-up1893

ground-down1897

played1897

veal-bled1899

stove-up1901

trachled1910

ragged1912

beat up1914

done in1917

whacked1919

washy1922

pooped1928

shattered1930

punchy1932

shagged1932

shot1939

whipped1940

buggered1942

flaked (out)1942

fucked1949

sold-out1958

wiped1958

burnt out1959

wrung out1962

juiced1965

hanging1971

zonked1972

maxed1978

raddled1978

zoned1980

cream crackered1983

1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang 98 Sold up, or out, broken down, bankrupt.

1958 F. C. Avis Boxing Ref. Dict. (U.S. ed.) 104 Sold out: said of a boxer who is nearly exhausted.

1973 Observer 3 June 25/6 At the end of last season he was physically and mentally sold out.

1977 New Yorker 4 July 24/1 A pool player who was vaguely associated with the big-money barracudas and sold-out types hanging back in the pool-hall shadows.

b. That has sold all its stock, seats, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > [adjective] > sold > completely

sold-out1903

1903 R. Kipling Five Nations 191 The sold-out shops and the bank And the wet, wide-open town.

1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 8 Mar. 60/1 (heading) Sold-out at Bath. All available stand space at the Bath and West Show..has been sold.

1975 High Times Dec. 21/1 They..are a soldout attraction wherever they perform.

1976 Early Music 4 447/2 Bodies whose present idea of an 18th-century orchestra is a group playing Haydn and Mozart badly to a sold-out Festival Hall.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

† soldv.¹

Forms: α. Middle English soud-, Middle English sowd-, sawd-. β. Middle English–1500s sould(e, 1500s sowld-, sold-.

Etymology: < sold n.¹: compare Old French soud-, soldeier. But perhaps partly due to Old French soudre, saudre, souldre, soldre < Latin solvĕre to pay.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To pay; to enlist or retain for service by payment. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [verb (transitive)] > hire or employ

hirec1000

i-bye10..

i-hirec1000

soldc1386

takea1400

retain1437

wage1465

conduct1476

fee1488

conduce1502

implya1533

entertain1572

enter1585

wager1592

to fill up1598

to take on1611

improve1640

to speak for ——a1688

employa1727

engage1753

ploy1871

to turn on1893

to book up1915

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > paying (money) for labour or service > pay (a person) for labour or service [verb (transitive)]

payc1275

shipec1275

soldc1386

wage1393

feea1529

remunerate1542

satisfy1565

gratify1590

α.

c1386 G. Chaucer Prioress's Tale 128 O martir soudit to virginite.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xxii. 431 Imparfit is þe pope þat..soudeþ hem þat sleeþ suche as he sholde saue.

a1470 W. Gregory Chron. in Hist. Coll. Citizen London (Camden) 106 To have men sowdyd withe hym ayenst the Duke of Orleans.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 49 He fand..grete quantitee of gold.., with the quhilk he sowdit grete nowmer of men of armys.

β. 1418 in H. T. Riley Memorials London (1868) 665 Normandye, þere to be soulded or waged wiþ þe Kyng.c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 134 [He sent] gold jn Almayne for to soulde men of armes for the space of ane ȝere.1523 T. Cromwell Speech to Parl. in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) I. 37 The harmys whiche we ourselffes showld susteyn in sowldyng of so great an army.1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War 221 b Who..soulded or waged aboutes three houndred souldyars.

2. intransitive. To serve as a paid soldier or mercenary.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military service > serve as a soldier [verb (intransitive)]

to bear armsc1325

to take armsa1425

serve1430

war1535

to trail a pikec1550

sold1564

to follow the drum1575

to see and serve1590

soldierize1593

militate1625

soldier1647

be in buff1701

to go (a-)soldiering1756

1564 N. Haward tr. Eutropius Briefe Chron. i. sig. C.viii^v Virginius at that time soulded for honest wages..againste the Latines.

Derivatives

† ˈsolding n.¹ Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > paying (money) for labour or service > [noun]

solding1475

wagingc1485

wage-paying1868

1475 Bk. Noblesse 29 For lak of good provisions bothe of artillery and ordenaunce for the werre and soudeyng to be made in dew season.

1475 Bk. Noblesse 83 Whiche..were not usid of custom nothing to pay..to the souding of men of armes.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† soldv.²

Forms: α. Middle English soud-, Middle English–1500s sowd-; Middle English sawd-. β. Middle English sould-, Middle English–1500s sold-.

Etymology: < Old French souder, sauder, soulder, = Provençal soudar , soldar , Spanish soldar , Portuguese soldar , Italian sodare < Latin solidāre to make solid or firm, < solidus solid adj.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To solder; to fasten with solder; to unite (metal) by soldering (†or welding).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > solder

soldc1350

solderc1420

c1350 Leg. Rood (1871) 77 Dauid made A serkell al of siluer brade, And bad þat it suld sawded be All obout þe haly thre [= tree].

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvi. xciii. (Tollem. MS.) Leed may not be sone sowdid to leed noþer to bras, noþer to yren with oute tyn.

c1425 Seven Sages (P.) 2023 Than thay sayen at the laste How the piler stode in bras, And with sowdyng sowdyt faste.

1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. eviij^v/1 xxx arches of marble..whyche been soulded wyth leed and cyment.

1506 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1901) III. 330 Item, to..ane man that sowdit ane gwn of the Kingis schip, xiiij s.

a. transferred. To unite firmly or closely; spec. in medical use (see solder v. 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > join (together) [verb (transitive)] > join closely, intimately, or permanently

tiec1000

limea1225

knit1340

sold1388

marryc1450

compact1530

spear?1548

solder1589

cementc1604

ferruminate1623

bewed1674

weld1802

wed1818

Siamese1830

intermarry1863

to pull together1925

mate1959

1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) Acts iii. 7 And anoon hise leggis and hise feet weren sowdid togidere; and he lippide, and stood.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) vii. xxxi The couȝe suffreþ not þe wounde to be closed and isawded.

a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 45 She trowed..for to haue souded þe place of þe fynger in whiche þe bone..stode bifore.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxv/1 Som men late the roete ende of the vyne be vncutt..til it be Sowded with the chirit[r]ee.

b. intransitive. To close or heal. (Cf. solder v. 6.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > process of healing of an injury, etc. > of injury, etc.: heal [verb (intransitive)] > of wound: heal

healc1390

solda1425

uphealc1440

heal up1590

repair1590

menda1600

recure1616

a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 46 I putte-to vnguentum viride vpon stupes, and þe fynger bigan for to soude.

a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 84 Þe sidez of þe wounde byganne for to soude or conglutinate.

Derivatives

† ˈsolding n.² Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun] > close, intimate, or permanent joining

spousal1340

weddingc1380

solding1398

marriagec1400

espousal?c1450

soldering?1550

marryinga1566

twist1580

suture1600

welding1603

ferrumination1606

cementation1836

cementing1868

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xvi. xix [Glue] haþ vertu of drawinge & sowding.

c1425 [see sense 1].

1447–8 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 275 Pro..le sowdyng unius olle eree.

1508 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 137 Item, for solding..of the Kingis salt fat, ij s.

1533 Dunmow Churchw. MSS. f. 17 b To the makyng or sowdyng of the bell.

ˈsolding adj.

ΚΠ

1341–2 in F. R. Chapman Sacrist Rolls Ely (1907) II. 117 In factura..soudinghirnes pro fabricacione vitri.

1399 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 18 Item ij soudyngirens et j helme ferri.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

n.¹c1330

n.²c1440

n.³a1549

adj.1535

v.¹c1386

v.²1341

单词	sold
释义	† soldn.¹ Forms: α. Middle English soude, sowde, Middle English soode, sowede; Middle English, Scottish1700s–1800s soud, sowd. β. Middle English sawd(e. γ. Middle English–1500s sould(e. δ. Middle English–1600s sold, 1500s solde. Etymology: < Old French soude, soulde (more commonly soudee , souldee , etc.), = Italian soldo , Portuguese soldo , Spanish sueldo < Latin solidum , accusative singular of solidus : see sol n.³ and sou n. (The modern French solde is due to Italian influence.) Compare Middle Dutch, Middle Low German, Middle High German solt, Dutch, German, Danish, Swedish sold. Obsolete. 1. Pay (esp. of soldiers), wages, salary. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun] hirec1000 shipec1000 shipingc1275 servicec1300 soldc1330 wage1338 payment1370 reward1371 pay?a1400 mercedec1400 remunerationc1400 souldie1474 emolument1480 soldery1502 stipend?1518 entertainment1535 task-money1593 consideration1607 gratuitya1637 wadage1679 addling1757 solde1852 treatment1852 screw1853 time1877 money1887 wage payment1923 α. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14234 Payen & Cristen knyght..at soud he held. c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 146 Fle covetise of godis, and be payed wiþ ȝoure sowdes. 1440 R. Repps in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 22 My lord Tresorer grauntyd the seide vij c. marc. to my lord of Norffolk for the arrerage of hys sowde qwyl he was in Scotlond. 1475 Bk. Noblesse (Roxb.) 31 That the said chieftein must pay his men of soude..justly. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxli For the wage & sowde of the Nauaroys and Englysshemen. β. 1402 Polit. Poems (Rolls) II. 94 These paroche preestes that ministren the sacramentis, for a certen sawd bi ȝeer.c1450 King Ponthus & Fair Sidone i. (1897) 1 I schal paye their sawde for thre yer.γ. 1429 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 79 Ilk preest hauyng for his sould by yeer viij mrc'.1473 King Edward IV in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 8 For contentation of a yerely soulde.1542 W. Paget in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) IX. 198 He myndeth..to borowe the sould of 20000 men for a yere, if He canne obteyne it.1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War 216 To paye the soulde or wages of the sayd armye.δ. 1438 tr. Bk. Alexander Great (1831) 61 Serue ȝour soldis of the King.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 209 Thi worthi kyn may nocht the saiff for sold.1544 E. Harvel in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) IX. 619 For lacke of payment of his solde.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. V3^v Were your will, her sold to entertaine, And numbred be mongst knights of Maydenhed.1601 Bp. W. Barlow Def. Protestants Relig. 131 Lying in campe under sold and pay, fighting as souldiers.1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 163 Lastly, there is the Sold, or pay of 50000 foot. 2. Scottish. A sum or quantity (originally of money or gold). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] sumc1300 sumc1300 so muchc1384 quantity1405 sum in gross (also in great)1421 summa?a1425 amount1450 sold1513 bankc1530 quantum1602 cash1677 amt.1744 figure1842 a bit1894 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. i. 91 With a grete sold of gold fey Priamus Secretlie vmquhile send this Polidorus..to Polymnestor. 1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. (at cited word) Scot. Sowd, as a sowd of money, i.e. a great sum. 1795 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XIV. 74 (note) The tradesmen are paid..with a certain sum or quantity of victual annually agreed on, called soud. 1828 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch ii. 22 A sowd of toddy was swallowed. 1845 P. Still Cottar's Sunday 172 They wha grip Great souds o' hidden treasure. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † soldn.² Forms: In Middle English sowde. Etymology: ? < Old French soude (Portuguese solda* ) < Latin solida : compare sold n.¹ and sold v.² Obsolete. rare. Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. Solder. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > solder solder1374 soldc1440 soldering1648 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 466/1 Sowde, metel, consolidum solidarium. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † soldn.³ Forms: In 1500s soulde, 1500s–1600s solde. Etymology: < Italian soldo: compare sold n.¹ and sol n.³ Obsolete. A sol or small coin. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > small coins collectively > a small coin orkyn1542 liarda1549 solda1549 scute1594 orkey1648 sock1688 styca1705 dump1821 scuddick1823 bit1829 posh1830 rag1866 tosser1935 a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) xx. 171 They haue myttes, duccates, & soldes [in Hungary]. a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) xxxvii. 216 In syluer they haue [in Turkey] Aspers and Souldes; and ther be som Souldes that be brasse. 1599 J. Lok in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 108 Their horsemen haue onely sixe soldes Venetian a day. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021). soldadj. Brit. /səʊld/, U.S. /soʊld/ Forms: Also 1500s solde, Scottish sauld. Etymology: past participle of sell v. 1. Disposed of by sale. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > [adjective] > sold sold1535 alienated1611 venditive1633 vended1812 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Deut. xviii. 8 Besydes that which he hath of the solde good of his fathers. 1591 Exch. Rolls Scotl. XXII. 162 Thair is to be deducit the rest restand upoun the comptar at the fute of the sauld victuellis. 1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. clxv. 384 Except that Christ's grace hath bought such a sold body, I know not what else any may think of me. 1652 in M. Hickson Ireland in 17th Cent. (1884) I. 298 As the examt.'s husband told her when he came home next day, and withal said we were ‘a sold people’. 1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 217 The very same low distress'd Condition as he was in, I mean a sold Servant. 1854 P. Fairbairn Typology Script. (ed. 2) I. ii. vi. 338 The sold, hated, and crucified One. 1862 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 271 A volume of sketches of sold pictures. 2. Denoting a sale effected. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > [adjective] > sold > denoting sold1862 1862 Parthenon 16 Aug. 497/1 Those pictures which have ‘sold’ tickets. 1891 Law Times 91 193/1 There was no clause about arbitration on the sold note sent by the brokers to the plaintiffs. 3. slang. Tricked, deceived. Cf. sell v. 9. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [adjective] > deceived blindc1000 aguiledc1300 overseena1393 guiledc1400 bleared1549 fonded1566 siled1567 illuded1610 outwitted1766 sold1876 1876 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Tom Sawyer xvii. 147 As the ‘sold’ congregation trooped out they said they would almost be willing to be made ridiculous again. 4. sold-out. a. colloquial. Bankrupt; exhausted, ‘finished’. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > [adjective] > going bankrupt > bankrupt decoct1529 bankrupt1565 bankruptlike1625 cracked1632 bursten1638 bankrupted1649 crazy1700 crazed1732 busted1836 quisby1853 sold-out1859 bung1948 bust1964 the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [adjective] wearyc825 asadc1306 ateyntc1325 attaintc1325 recrayed1340 methefula1350 for-wearya1375 matea1375 taintc1380 heavy1382 fortireda1400 methefula1400 afoundered?a1425 tewedc1440 travailedc1440 wearisomec1460 fatigate1471 defatigatec1487 tired1488 recreant1490 yolden?1507 fulyeit?a1513 traiked?a1513 tavert1535 wearied1538 fatigated1552 awearya1555 forwearied1562 overtired1567 spenta1568 done1575 awearied1577 stank1579 languishinga1586 bankrupt?1589 fordone1590 spent1591 overwearied1592 overworn1592 outworn1597 half-dead1601 back-broken1603 tiry1611 defatigated1612 dog-wearya1616 overweary1617 exhaust1621 worn-out1639 embossed1651 outspent1652 exhausted1667 beaten1681 bejaded1687 harassed1693 jaded1693 lassate1694 defeata1732 beat out1758 fagged1764 dog-tired1770 fessive1773 done-up1784 forjeskit1786 ramfeezled1786 done-over1789 fatigued1791 forfoughten1794 worn-up1812 dead1813 out-burnta1821 prostrate1820 dead beat1822 told out1822 bone-tireda1825 traiky1825 overfatigued1834 outwearied1837 done like (a) dinner1838 magged1839 used up1839 tuckered outc1840 drained1855 floored1857 weariful1862 wappered1868 bushed1870 bezzled1875 dead-beaten1875 down1885 tucked up1891 ready (or fit) to drop1892 buggered-up1893 ground-down1897 played1897 veal-bled1899 stove-up1901 trachled1910 ragged1912 beat up1914 done in1917 whacked1919 washy1922 pooped1928 shattered1930 punchy1932 shagged1932 shot1939 whipped1940 buggered1942 flaked (out)1942 fucked1949 sold-out1958 wiped1958 burnt out1959 wrung out1962 juiced1965 hanging1971 zonked1972 maxed1978 raddled1978 zoned1980 cream crackered1983 1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang 98 Sold up, or out, broken down, bankrupt. 1958 F. C. Avis Boxing Ref. Dict. (U.S. ed.) 104 Sold out: said of a boxer who is nearly exhausted. 1973 Observer 3 June 25/6 At the end of last season he was physically and mentally sold out. 1977 New Yorker 4 July 24/1 A pool player who was vaguely associated with the big-money barracudas and sold-out types hanging back in the pool-hall shadows. b. That has sold all its stock, seats, etc. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > [adjective] > sold > completely sold-out1903 1903 R. Kipling Five Nations 191 The sold-out shops and the bank And the wet, wide-open town. 1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 8 Mar. 60/1 (heading) Sold-out at Bath. All available stand space at the Bath and West Show..has been sold. 1975 High Times Dec. 21/1 They..are a soldout attraction wherever they perform. 1976 Early Music 4 447/2 Bodies whose present idea of an 18th-century orchestra is a group playing Haydn and Mozart badly to a sold-out Festival Hall. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † soldv.¹ Forms: α. Middle English soud-, Middle English sowd-, sawd-. β. Middle English–1500s sould(e, 1500s sowld-, sold-. Etymology: < sold n.¹: compare Old French soud-, soldeier. But perhaps partly due to Old French soudre, saudre, souldre, soldre < Latin solvĕre to pay. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To pay; to enlist or retain for service by payment. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [verb (transitive)] > hire or employ hirec1000 i-bye10.. i-hirec1000 soldc1386 takea1400 retain1437 wage1465 conduct1476 fee1488 conduce1502 implya1533 entertain1572 enter1585 wager1592 to fill up1598 to take on1611 improve1640 to speak for ——a1688 employa1727 engage1753 ploy1871 to turn on1893 to book up1915 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > paying (money) for labour or service > pay (a person) for labour or service [verb (transitive)] payc1275 shipec1275 soldc1386 wage1393 feea1529 remunerate1542 satisfy1565 gratify1590 α. c1386 G. Chaucer Prioress's Tale 128 O martir soudit to virginite. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xxii. 431 Imparfit is þe pope þat..soudeþ hem þat sleeþ suche as he sholde saue. a1470 W. Gregory Chron. in Hist. Coll. Citizen London (Camden) 106 To have men sowdyd withe hym ayenst the Duke of Orleans. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 49 He fand..grete quantitee of gold.., with the quhilk he sowdit grete nowmer of men of armys. β. 1418 in H. T. Riley Memorials London (1868) 665 Normandye, þere to be soulded or waged wiþ þe Kyng.c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 134 [He sent] gold jn Almayne for to soulde men of armes for the space of ane ȝere.1523 T. Cromwell Speech to Parl. in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) I. 37 The harmys whiche we ourselffes showld susteyn in sowldyng of so great an army.1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War 221 b Who..soulded or waged aboutes three houndred souldyars. 2. intransitive. To serve as a paid soldier or mercenary. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military service > serve as a soldier [verb (intransitive)] to bear armsc1325 to take armsa1425 serve1430 war1535 to trail a pikec1550 sold1564 to follow the drum1575 to see and serve1590 soldierize1593 militate1625 soldier1647 be in buff1701 to go (a-)soldiering1756 1564 N. Haward tr. Eutropius Briefe Chron. i. sig. C.viii^v Virginius at that time soulded for honest wages..againste the Latines. Derivatives † ˈsolding n.¹ Obsolete ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > paying (money) for labour or service > [noun] solding1475 wagingc1485 wage-paying1868 1475 Bk. Noblesse 29 For lak of good provisions bothe of artillery and ordenaunce for the werre and soudeyng to be made in dew season. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 83 Whiche..were not usid of custom nothing to pay..to the souding of men of armes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † soldv.² Forms: α. Middle English soud-, Middle English–1500s sowd-; Middle English sawd-. β. Middle English sould-, Middle English–1500s sold-. Etymology: < Old French souder, sauder, soulder, = Provençal soudar , soldar , Spanish soldar , Portuguese soldar , Italian sodare < Latin solidāre to make solid or firm, < solidus solid adj. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To solder; to fasten with solder; to unite (metal) by soldering (†or welding). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > solder soldc1350 solderc1420 c1350 Leg. Rood (1871) 77 Dauid made A serkell al of siluer brade, And bad þat it suld sawded be All obout þe haly thre [= tree]. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvi. xciii. (Tollem. MS.) Leed may not be sone sowdid to leed noþer to bras, noþer to yren with oute tyn. c1425 Seven Sages (P.) 2023 Than thay sayen at the laste How the piler stode in bras, And with sowdyng sowdyt faste. 1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. eviij^v/1 xxx arches of marble..whyche been soulded wyth leed and cyment. 1506 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1901) III. 330 Item, to..ane man that sowdit ane gwn of the Kingis schip, xiiij s. 2. a. transferred. To unite firmly or closely; spec. in medical use (see solder v. 2). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > join (together) [verb (transitive)] > join closely, intimately, or permanently tiec1000 limea1225 knit1340 sold1388 marryc1450 compact1530 spear?1548 solder1589 cementc1604 ferruminate1623 bewed1674 weld1802 wed1818 Siamese1830 intermarry1863 to pull together1925 mate1959 1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) Acts iii. 7 And anoon hise leggis and hise feet weren sowdid togidere; and he lippide, and stood. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) vii. xxxi The couȝe suffreþ not þe wounde to be closed and isawded. a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 45 She trowed..for to haue souded þe place of þe fynger in whiche þe bone..stode bifore. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxv/1 Som men late the roete ende of the vyne be vncutt..til it be Sowded with the chirit[r]ee. b. intransitive. To close or heal. (Cf. solder v. 6.) ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > process of healing of an injury, etc. > of injury, etc.: heal [verb (intransitive)] > of wound: heal healc1390 solda1425 uphealc1440 heal up1590 repair1590 menda1600 recure1616 a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 46 I putte-to vnguentum viride vpon stupes, and þe fynger bigan for to soude. a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 84 Þe sidez of þe wounde byganne for to soude or conglutinate. Derivatives † ˈsolding n.² Obsolete ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun] > close, intimate, or permanent joining spousal1340 weddingc1380 solding1398 marriagec1400 espousal?c1450 soldering?1550 marryinga1566 twist1580 suture1600 welding1603 ferrumination1606 cementation1836 cementing1868 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xvi. xix [Glue] haþ vertu of drawinge & sowding. c1425 [see sense 1]. 1447–8 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 275 Pro..le sowdyng unius olle eree. 1508 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 137 Item, for solding..of the Kingis salt fat, ij s. 1533 Dunmow Churchw. MSS. f. 17 b To the makyng or sowdyng of the bell. ˈsolding adj. ΚΠ 1341–2 in F. R. Chapman Sacrist Rolls Ely (1907) II. 117 In factura..soudinghirnes pro fabricacione vitri. 1399 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 18 Item ij soudyngirens et j helme ferri. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.¹c1330n.²c1440n.³a1549adj.1535v.¹c1386v.²1341
随便看	lamb succory lamb toe lamb's cress lamb's ears lamb's fry lamb's leather lamb's lettuce lamb's quarter lamb's tails lamb's tongue plant lamb's wool lamb's-lease lamb'slease lamb-ale lamb-chop lamb-cote lamb-creep lamb-emptied lamb-fashion lamb-fell lamb-flesh lamb-florin lamb-fold lamb-glove lamb-hog

† soldn.1

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soldadj.

† soldv.1

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† soldv.2

Derivatives

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† soldn.³

† soldv.¹

† soldv.²