单词 | bloat |
释义 | bloatn. 1. a. Bloatedness. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [noun] > fat or plump shape or physique > state of having fatnessc1000 greasea1340 corsiousnessc1440 fleshiness1541 plumpness1545 corporateness1547 fogginess1547 fleshliness1552 corpulency1577 corpulence1581 corsiness1587 fullness1599 obesity1611 pinguitude1623 obeseness1653 aletude1656 portliness1658 eventriqueness1667 rotundity1684 fat1726 rotundness1727 bloatedness1732 embonpoint1751 roundness1763 repleteness1770 plumpitude1828 corporosity1837 stoutness1838 crumb1843 plumptitude1843 roundedness1849 chubbiness1850 adiposeness1868 roundliness1870 buxomness1875 bloat1905 tubbiness1906 poundage1915 overweight1917 endomorphy1940 plumpishness1947 pudge1967 morbid obesity1969 1905 G. B. Shaw Irrational Knot xi. 226 He..had noted with aversion a certain unhealthy bloat in her face. 1911 F. H. Burnett Secret Garden xxvii. 300 If he took his food natural sir, you'd think he was putting on flesh—but we're afraid it may be a sort of bloat. b. spec. in Veterinary Path. A disease of livestock characterized by an accumulation of gases in the stomach; = hoove n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > dietary disorders dew-bolne?1523 hunger-rot?1523 grass-sick1607 grain-sick1834 hoove1840 grass staggers1858 bloat1878 wobbles1886 grain-founder1890 blowing1891 veld sickness1896 corn-stalk disease1900 cattle-sickness1903 Molteno disease1911 grass tetany1931 1878 G. H. Dadd Amer. Cattle Doctor iii. 65 Tympanites rumenites signifies distension of the rumen in the bovine species—the ox and cow—and, in the phraseology of the grazier, is known as bloat or hoven. 1962 R. Seiden Livestock Health Encycl. (ed. 2) 65/2 Bloat, hoven, tympanites, or tympany in livestock (especially in cattle, sheep and goats)..is primarily caused by vigorous fermentation in the rumen. 2. A conceited or contemptible person (see also quot. 1889). U.S. slang. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > dead body > [noun] > drowned floater1717 bloat1860 wash-upa1903 the mind > emotion > pride > swelling or inflation with pride > [noun] > person swollen with pride puffin1612 imposthumea1625 bloat1860 the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > one who drinks to excess houndOE drinkerc1200 keach-cup?c1225 gulchcupa1250 bollerc1320 taverner1340 ale stake?1515 wine-bibber1535 bibber1536 swill-bowl1542 malt-wormc1550 rinse-pitcher1552 bibblera1556 ale knight1556 tosspot1568 ring-pigger1570 troll-the-bowl1575 malt-bug1577 gossip-pint-pot1580 black pot1582 alehouse knight1583 worrier1584 suck-spigot1585 bezzle1592 bezzlera1593 cup-leech1593 soaker1593 carouser1596 barley-cap1598 swiller1598 rob-pot1599 Philistine1600 sponge1600 wine-knight1601 fill-knaga1605 reel-pot1604 faithful1609 fill-pot1609 bouser1611 spigot-sucker1611 suck-pint1611 whip-can1611 bib-all-night1612 afternoon man1615 potling1616 Bacchanalian1617 bombard1617 pot-shot1617 potisuge1620 trougha1625 tumbrila1625 borachioa1627 pot-leech1630 kill-pota1637 biberon1637 bang-pitcher1639 son of Bacchusc1640 shuffler1642 suck-bottlea1652 swill-pot1653 poter1657 potatora1660 old soaker1665 fuddle cap1666 old toast1668 bubber1669 toper1673 ale-toast1691 Bacchant1699 fuddler1699 swill-belly1699 tickle-pitcher1699 whetter1709 draughtsmanc1720 bender1728 drammer1740 dram-drinker1744 drammist1756 rum-bud1805 siper1805 Bacchanal1812 boozera1819 rum-sucker1819 soak1820 imp of the spigot1821 polyposist1821 wineskin1821 sack-guzzler1823 sitfast1828 swill-flagon1829 cup-man1834 swiper1836 Lushington1851 lushing-man1859 bloat1860 pottle pot1860 tipsificator1873 tipsifier1873 pegger1874 swizzler1876 bibulant1883 toss-cup1883 lusher1895 stew-bum1902 shicker1906 stiff1907 souse1915 booze-hound1926 stumblebum1932 tanker1932 lush-hound1935 lushy1944 lush-head1945 binge drinker1946 pisshead1946 hophead1948 1860 in Amer. Speech (1947) 22 299/1 I considered such an old bloat not worth minding. a1861 T. Winthrop Life in Open Air (1863) 147 When I think..what a mean bloat I was, going to the stub-tail dogs with my hat over my eyes. 1871 Congress. Globe Feb. App. 129/1 Wife whippers, penitentiary birds, street vagabonds, beastly bloats, and convicted felons. 1889 J. S. Farmer Americanisms 64/1 Bloat (cant), a drowned body; also a drunkard. 3. ‘A hammer swelled at the eye.’ Raymond Mining Gloss. 1881. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > driving or beating tools > [noun] > hammer > other hammers hand-hammereOE maulc1225 plating hammer1543 bucker1653 axe-hammer1681 brick hammer1688 chipping hammer1783 tup1848 clinch-hammer1850 tack-hammer1865 bucking hammer1875 bloat1881 ringer1883 key hammer1884 peen hammer1885 straight pein1904 toffee hammer1958 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 109 Bloat, a hammer swelled at the eye. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bloatadj.1ΘΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > softness > types of softness > [adjective] > soft and moist bloatc1300 relented?1440 sposhy1842 squelchy1843 givey1859 c1300 Of Men Lif xiii, in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 154 Ȝe sutters [? suters = sutors]..wiþ ȝour blote hides of selcuþ bestis. 2. bloat herring n. a smoked half-dried herring, cured by the process described in bloat v.1; a bloated herring, a bloater. Also a term of contempt for a human being. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > [noun] hadc900 lifesmaneOE maneOE world-maneOE ghostOE wyeOE lifeOE son of manOE wightc1175 soulc1180 earthmanc1225 foodc1225 person?c1225 creaturec1300 bodyc1325 beera1382 poppetc1390 flippera1400 wat1399 corsec1400 mortal?a1425 deadly?c1450 hec1450 personagec1485 wretcha1500 human1509 mundane1509 member1525 worma1556 homo1561 piece of flesh1567 sconce1567 squirrel?1567 fellow creature1572 Adamite1581 bloat herringa1586 earthling1593 mother's child1594 stuff1598 a piece of flesh1600 wagtail1607 bosom1608 fragment1609 boots1623 tick1631 worthy1649 earthlies1651 snap1653 pippin1665 being1666 personal1678 personality1678 sooterkin1680 party1686 worldling1687 human being1694 water-wagtail1694 noddle1705 human subject1712 piece of work1713 somebody1724 terrestrial1726 anybody1733 individual1742 character1773 cuss1775 jig1781 thingy1787 bod1788 curse1790 his nabs1790 article1796 Earthite1814 critter1815 potato1815 personeityc1816 nibs1821 somebody1826 tellurian1828 case1832 tangata1840 prawn1845 nigger1848 nut1856 Snooks1860 mug1865 outfit1867 to deliver the goods1870 hairpin1879 baby1880 possum1894 hot tamale1895 babe1900 jobbie1902 virile1903 cup of tea1908 skin1914 pisser1918 number1919 job1927 apple1928 mush1936 face1944 jong1956 naked ape1965 oke1970 punter1975 the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > cured fish > smoked fish red herringa1399 bloat herringa1586 fumade1599 sore1600 Yarmouth capona1661 kipper1769 finnana1774 Norfolk capon1785 bukkama1805 soldier1811 bloater1832 Yarmouth bloater1832 finnie haddie1851 Californian1873 smoky1891 two-eyed steak1893 finney1906 buckling1909 lox1937 nova1964 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Remed. for Love 65 (Grosart II. 176) Her compound, or electuary, Made of olde linge or caviarie, Blote herringe, cheese. 1602 T. Dekker Satiro-mastix sig. I4 Bloate-herring dost heare? 1615 T. Overbury et al. New & Choise Characters with Wife (6th impr.) sig. K7v Hee'l be puft vp to your hand like a bloate [1618 (10th impr.) bloat] Herring. 1621 B. Jonson Masque of Augures sig. A3 You stink like so many bloat~herrings newly taken out of the chimney! 1661 Pepys 5 Oct. To the Dolphin, and there eat some bloat herrings. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bloatadj.2ΘΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > softness > types of softness > [adjective] > flabby or flaccid bloatc1300 quavya1398 lennow1528 fobbya1535 flaggya1565 limber1592 quaggy1611 flaccid1620 frothy1626 boggy1664 flabby1697 limp1706 loppy1855 limpsy1865 huffy1890 c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1910 He leyden on..[blows]..He maden here backes al so bloute Als he[re] wombes, and made hem rowte Als he weren kradel-barnes. 1603 H. Crosse Vertues Common-wealth sig. T3 The body I say, is subiect to so much pestilence..the face blowte, puft vp, and stuft with the flockes of strong beere. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. iv. 166 Let the blowt King temp't you againe to bed. 2. a. Bloat: Puffed, swollen, inflated, esp. with self-indulgence. Hence bloat-faced adj. (In modern writers an echo of Shakespeare's word since that has been written bloat. bloated adj.1 occurs in the same sense from 1664.) Warburton (1747) printed bloat for blowt and blunt in Hamlet. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [adjective] > fat or plump fatc893 frimOE fullOE overfatOE greatOE bald1297 roundc1300 encorsivea1340 fattishc1369 fleshyc1369 fleshlyc1374 repletea1398 largec1405 corsious1430 corpulentc1440 corsyc1440 fulsome1447 portlyc1487 corporate1509 foggy fata1529 corsive1530 foggish?1537 plump1545 fatty1552 fleshful1552 pubble1566 plum1570 pursy1576 well-fleshed1576 gross?1577 fog1582 forfatted1586 gulchy1598 bouksome1600 fat-fed1607 meatified1607 chuff1609 plumpya1616 bloat1638 blowze-like1647 obese1651 jollya1661 bloated1664 chubbed1674 pluffya1689 puffya1689 pussy1688 sappy1694 crummy1718 chubby1722 fodgel1724 well-padded1737 beefy1743 plumpish1753 pudsy1754 rotund1762 portable1770 lusty1777 roundabout1787 well-cushioned1802 plenitudinous1803 stout1804 embonpointc1806 roly-poly1808 adipose1810 roll-about1815 foggy1817 poddy1823 porky1828 hide-blown1834 tubby1835 stoutish1836 tubbish1836 superfatted1841 pottle-bodied1842 pincushiony1851 opulent1882 well-covered1884 well-upholstered1886 butterball1888 endomorphic1888 tisty-tosty1888 pachyntic1890 barrel-bodied1894 overweight1899 pussy-gutted1906 upholstered1924 the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > types of face > [adjective] flatc1400 hardc1400 low-cheeredc1400 large?a1425 ruscledc1440 well-visagedc1440 platter-faced1533 well-faced1534 full-faced1543 fair-faced1553 bright-faceda1560 crab-faced1563 crab-snouted1563 crab-tree-faced1563 long-visaged1584 owlya1586 wainscot-faced1588 flaberkin1592 rough-hewn1593 angel-faced1594 round-faced1594 crab-favoured1596 rugged1596 weasel-faced1596 rough-faced1598 half-faced1600 chitty1601 lenten-faced1604 broad-faced1607 dog-faced1607 weaselled-faced1607 wry-faced1607 maid-faced1610 warp-faced1611 ill-faceda1616 lean-faceda1616 old-faceda1616 moon-faced1619 monkey-faced1620 chitty-face1622 chitty-faceda1627 lean-chapt1629 antic-faced1635 bloat-faced1638 bacon-facea1640 blue-faced1640 hatchet-faced1648 grave1650 lean-jawed1679 smock-faced1684 lean-visaged1686 flaber1687 baby-faced1692 splatter-faced1707 chubby1722 puggy1722 block-faced1751 haggard-looking1756 long-faced1762 haggardly1763 fresh-faced1766 dough-faced1773 pudding-faced1777 baby-featured1780 fat-faced1782 haggard1787 weazen-face1794 keen1798 ferret-like1801 lean-cheeked1812 mulberry-faced1812 open-faced1813 open-countenanced1819 chiselled1821 hatchety1821 misfeatured1822 terse1824 weazen-faced1824 mahogany-faced1825 clock-faced1827 sharp1832 sensual1833 beef-faced1838 weaselly1838 ferret-faced1840 sensuous1843 rat-faced1844 recedent1849 neat-faced1850 cherubimical1854 pinch-faced1859 cherubic1860 frownya1861 receding1866 weak1882 misfeaturing1885 platopic1885 platyopic1885 pro-opic1885 wind-splitting1890 falcon-face1891 blunt-featured1916 bun-faced1927 fish-faced1963 1638–48 G. Daniel Eclog. iii. 83 The foolish rites Of bloatfac'd Bacchus. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry V ccxcii, in Poems (1878) IV. 174 The Bloat Face of Rusticitie, Smuggs, looking in A Mirrour. 1832 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 32 661 The bloat and ugly villain. 1857 C. Heavysege Saul (1869) 332 To fetch a calf or sheep, That its bloat master may it stick and slay? 1861 ‘N. Temple’ & ‘E. Trevor’ Tannhäuser 11 From foul embrace Of that bloat Queen. b. transferred. ΘΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > exaggeration, hyperbole > [adjective] hyperbolical?a1475 overchargeda1542 magnificate1568 amplified1580 superlative1586 fulsome1602 hyperthetical?1611 hyperbolous1638 hyperbolic1646 bloata1657 exaggerated1725 overshot1774 overstuffed1808 overdrawn1841 fine-drawn1888 steep1895 larger-than-life1937 blown-up1961 1635 F. Quarles Emblemes i. Invoc. 2 Scorne, scorne to feed on thy old bloat desires. (perh. cf. bloat herring.)] a1657 G. Daniel Poems (1878) I. 89 What I loose or win To bloat opinion, that below my fate I ever value. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bloatv.1 transitive. To cure (herrings) by a process which leaves them soft and only half-dried. This is now done by leaving them in dry salt on a floor for 24 hours, washing in fresh water, spitting, and smoking them over an oak fire for a period varying from 24 hours to 3 or 4 days, according to the time they are to be kept before being eaten. (Earlier authorities speak of their being steeped for a time in brine before smoking; which has to be remembered in discussing the original meaning of bloat.)Bloated herrings are opposed to dried or red herrings, which are left in dry salt for 10 days, and smoked for 14 days, whence their deep colour and shrivelled dryness. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > pickle or preserve [verb (transitive)] > smoke reekOE smudge1599 fume1602 bloat1611 smoke-dry1704 cure1725 smoke1757 baconize1799 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Fumer, to..bloat, besmoake, hang, or drie in the smoake. a1625 J. Fletcher Island Princesse ii. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Nnn3v/2 I have more smoke in my mouth, then would Blote a hundred herrings. 1682 J. Collins Salt & Fishery 109 Of Bloated and Dryed Fish. These the Fishmongers say are bloated as followeth, to wit, they sink them 3 or 4 hours in a Brine..and then hang them up a drying in Chimnies. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2020). bloatv.2 1. a. transitive. To blow out, inflate, swell, make turgid. Also absol. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > swelling or inflation with pride > inflate with pride [verb (transitive)] swellc1200 bolnea1340 inblowc1384 blow1388 embolne1430 puff1526 inflate1530 puft1563 tympanize1593 overleaven1604 bladder1610 hufflea1652 bloat1677 the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [verb (transitive)] > fat or plump farce14.. alarda1425 plum1561 enseam1562 lard1579 engross1587 impinguate1620 to put on1626 rotund1650 pinguedinize1656 bloat1677 to take ona1750 round1830 pinguefy1893 the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] > distend > inflate forblow1413 puffc1460 inflate1528 huff1601 sufflate1616 plima1691 balloon1784 bloat1815 gas1919 1677 J. Dryden Prol. Circe Prol. 25 Encourage him, and bloat him up with praise, That he may get more bulk before he dies. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 127. ¶6 To see so many well shaped innocent Virgins bloated up, and walking up and down like big-bellied Women. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Epispastic Of Epispasticks there are some which..swell, and bloat the Skin. 1748 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 2 Aug. (1932) (modernized text) III. 1189 All malt liquors fatten, or at least bloat. 1815 Encycl. Brit. III. 549 Butchers have a kind of blast or bellows..by which they bloat or blow up their meat when killed. 1835 H. Miller Scenes & Legends N. Scotl. xv. 266 Dead bodies..bloated by the water. a1878 Stirling-Maxwell in Edinb. Rev. No. 323. 19 Excess, both in eating and drinking..had bloated his cheek. b. figurative. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > exaggeration, hyperbole > exaggerate [verb (transitive)] flatter?c1225 engregec1386 enhancec1400 extol?1504 extend1509 aggravate1533 exagger1535 blowa1538 amplify1561 exasperate1561 bombast1566 aggerate1570 enlarge1592 rengrege1601 exaggerate1604 magnify1605 hyperbolize1609 to slobber over ——1761 bloat1896 over-heighten1904 overpitch1904 overblow1961 inflate1982 1896 J. A. Hobson Probl. Unemployed 1 Well-meaning..social reformers stretch the term [‘unemployment’] and bloat it out to gigantic proportions. 2. intransitive. To swell, become swollen or turgid. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [verb (intransitive)] > fat or plump forwaxc897 fatc1000 burnish1398 battle1575 pinguefy1598 bellya1642 fatten1676 (to be) in flesh1677 thrive1711 feed1727 bloat1735 plumpen1795 to fill out1851 stouten1863 1735 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments (ed. 3) 158 If a Person of a firm Constitution begins to bloat. 1813 T. Jefferson Corr. (1830) 221 No man knows what his property is worth, because it is bloating while he is calculating. 1839 Fraser's Mag. 19 94 Who shut me up In darkness..to fatten, swell, and bloat. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < |
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