black sandn.

Brit.

/ˌblak ˈsand/, U.S.

/ˌblæk ˈsænd/

Forms: see black adj. and n. and sand n.²

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., sand n.²

Etymology: < black adj. + sand n.²

Sand of a black or very dark colour, typically consisting of particles of lava or iron-rich minerals; spec. such sand on beaches in New Zealand.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > stony material > [noun] > sand > types of

sea-sandc1220

black sand1536

gold sand1578

quicksand1641

iron sand1681

crag1735

Bude sand1808

musical sand1858

sounding sand1884

singing sand1897

squeaking sand1966

1536 R. Copland tr. P. Garcie Rutter of See (new ed.) sig. b.vi^v When ye be at .lxxx. fadome ye shall fynde small blacke sande, and ye shall be at the thwarte of Lezarde.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo ii. 117 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors The Pepper which the Iavians sell to Strangers is usually mixt with Ordure, black Sand, or Gravel.

1778 D. Samwell Jrnl. 27 June in J. Cook Jrnls. (1967) III. ii. 1120 We came to an Anchor in about 30 fath^ms Water with bottom of black sand and shells.

1862 Otago Witness (Dunedin, N.Z.) 23 Aug. 7 The gold is very fine, and accompanied by a great quantity of black sand, from which it is difficult to separate it.

1951 Chambers's Jrnl. Sept. 568/2 Both the principal titanium minerals, ilmenite and rutile, are present in the black sands of streams and beaches in many parts of the world.

1968 G. Jones Hist. Vikings iii. v. 276 There were large areas devastated by volcanic action, with their debris of craters, lavafields, ash, and coarse black sand.

1999 C. Grimshaw Provocation xiv. 215 I could..walk over the black sand to the winter sea..and the surf crash around me.

2004 New Yorker 14 June 81 Golden-haired kiddies racing over black sand toward the breakers.

Compounds

General attributive, as blacksand beach, blacksand sediment, etc.

ΚΠ

1788 J. H. de Magellan et al. Cronstedt's Ess. Syst. Mineral. (new ed.) II. 731 Large strata of black-sand iron-ore are found in various places of Portugal.

1849 T. T. Johnson Sights Gold Region vii. 66 The shore..is flat, but composed of hard volcanic rock, while on either side it is yellow or black sand beach.

1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. ix. 132/2 Both water- and wind-laid blacksand sediments formed.

2004 D. Mitchell Cloud Atlas (U.K. ed.) 494 Bethlehem Bay, a blacksand cove sheltered from trade-winds by Cape Nazareth′s crook.

Derivatives

ˈblacksander n. New Zealand a miner who pans black sand for gold.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > one who mines metals > goldminer > by washing

gold washer1625

puddler1855

sluicer1890

blacksander1897

1897 N.Z. Official Year-bk. iv. 515 A considerable number of miners (black-sanders) work on some of these beaches.

1906 in P. Galvin N.Z. Mining Handbk. 124 What old leads there were were then washed out in detail and most of the gold secured by the busy ‘blacksanders’ in the process.

1958 Times 1 May 12/7 The equinoctial gales are welcomed by the blacksanders.

1983 T. Nolan N.Z. Gold Fossicker's Handbk. 53 Taking no risks, blacksanders rush the deposits as soon as they appear and rake or shovel them beyond the reach of the water where they can be processed at leisure.

ˈblacksanding n. New Zealand the process or occupation of panning black sand for gold.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > washing or streaming > for gold

gold washing1683

panning1838

pan-washing1850

rocking1850

ground-sluicing1857

gold panning1882

wash-up1890

blacksanding1906

1906 in P. Galvin N.Z. Mining Handbk. 122 At present there are small parties who earn a good average living by what is known as ‘blacksanding’..between Jackson's Bay and Karamea.

1983 T. Nolan N.Z. Gold Fossicker's Handbk. 53 Blacksanding is still probably the least laborious way of mining gold.

2000 Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) (Nexis) 6 Dec. 4 Ross..was the only goldfield..representative of every kind of gold mining from beach blacksanding to mountain quartz mining.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	black sand
释义	black sandn. Brit. /ˌblak ˈsand/, U.S. /ˌblæk ˈsænd/ Forms: see black adj. and n. and sand n.² Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., sand n.² Etymology: < black adj. + sand n.² Sand of a black or very dark colour, typically consisting of particles of lava or iron-rich minerals; spec. such sand on beaches in New Zealand. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > stony material > [noun] > sand > types of sea-sandc1220 black sand1536 gold sand1578 quicksand1641 iron sand1681 crag1735 Bude sand1808 musical sand1858 sounding sand1884 singing sand1897 squeaking sand1966 1536 R. Copland tr. P. Garcie Rutter of See (new ed.) sig. b.vi^v When ye be at .lxxx. fadome ye shall fynde small blacke sande, and ye shall be at the thwarte of Lezarde. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo ii. 117 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors The Pepper which the Iavians sell to Strangers is usually mixt with Ordure, black Sand, or Gravel. 1778 D. Samwell Jrnl. 27 June in J. Cook Jrnls. (1967) III. ii. 1120 We came to an Anchor in about 30 fath^ms Water with bottom of black sand and shells. 1862 Otago Witness (Dunedin, N.Z.) 23 Aug. 7 The gold is very fine, and accompanied by a great quantity of black sand, from which it is difficult to separate it. 1951 Chambers's Jrnl. Sept. 568/2 Both the principal titanium minerals, ilmenite and rutile, are present in the black sands of streams and beaches in many parts of the world. 1968 G. Jones Hist. Vikings iii. v. 276 There were large areas devastated by volcanic action, with their debris of craters, lavafields, ash, and coarse black sand. 1999 C. Grimshaw Provocation xiv. 215 I could..walk over the black sand to the winter sea..and the surf crash around me. 2004 New Yorker 14 June 81 Golden-haired kiddies racing over black sand toward the breakers. Compounds General attributive, as blacksand beach, blacksand sediment, etc. ΚΠ 1788 J. H. de Magellan et al. Cronstedt's Ess. Syst. Mineral. (new ed.) II. 731 Large strata of black-sand iron-ore are found in various places of Portugal. 1849 T. T. Johnson Sights Gold Region vii. 66 The shore..is flat, but composed of hard volcanic rock, while on either side it is yellow or black sand beach. 1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. ix. 132/2 Both water- and wind-laid blacksand sediments formed. 2004 D. Mitchell Cloud Atlas (U.K. ed.) 494 Bethlehem Bay, a blacksand cove sheltered from trade-winds by Cape Nazareth′s crook. Derivatives ˈblacksander n. New Zealand a miner who pans black sand for gold. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > one who mines metals > goldminer > by washing gold washer1625 puddler1855 sluicer1890 blacksander1897 1897 N.Z. Official Year-bk. iv. 515 A considerable number of miners (black-sanders) work on some of these beaches. 1906 in P. Galvin N.Z. Mining Handbk. 124 What old leads there were were then washed out in detail and most of the gold secured by the busy ‘blacksanders’ in the process. 1958 Times 1 May 12/7 The equinoctial gales are welcomed by the blacksanders. 1983 T. Nolan N.Z. Gold Fossicker's Handbk. 53 Taking no risks, blacksanders rush the deposits as soon as they appear and rake or shovel them beyond the reach of the water where they can be processed at leisure. ˈblacksanding n. New Zealand the process or occupation of panning black sand for gold. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > washing or streaming > for gold gold washing1683 panning1838 pan-washing1850 rocking1850 ground-sluicing1857 gold panning1882 wash-up1890 blacksanding1906 1906 in P. Galvin N.Z. Mining Handbk. 122 At present there are small parties who earn a good average living by what is known as ‘blacksanding’..between Jackson's Bay and Karamea. 1983 T. Nolan N.Z. Gold Fossicker's Handbk. 53 Blacksanding is still probably the least laborious way of mining gold. 2000 Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) (Nexis) 6 Dec. 4 Ross..was the only goldfield..representative of every kind of gold mining from beach blacksanding to mountain quartz mining. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1536
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