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单词 skinning
释义

skinningn.

Brit. /ˈskɪnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈskɪnɪŋ/
Forms: see skin v. and -ing suffix1.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: skin v., -ing suffix1.
Etymology: < skin v. + -ing suffix1. With sense 3 compare slightly later skin v. 5.
1.
a. The removal of skin by stripping, peeling, or rubbing; an instance of this. Also figurative.In quot. 1419-20: the removal of bark from wood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > [noun] > stripping or uncovering so as to leave bare > stripping of skin
hildinga1387
flayingc1440
casing1575
scoriation1582
excoriation1607
skinning1697
1419–20 in M. Sellers York Memorandum Bk. (1912) I. 199 (MED) Pro chippyng cujuslibet centene arcuum, xvj d..pro polyssyng et skynnyng cujuslibet centene, xx d.
1665 J. Wilson Projectors iv. 44 If you have ever so much time to spare, read but Sir Jeffery Drop-nose his discourse upon..skinning of Flints, and perhaps you may not think your time ill spent.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World i. xx. 540 The Sheep being brought privately by the Hottantots, who assisted in Skinning and Dressing, and had the Skin and Guts for their pains.
1704 J. Pitts True Acct. Mohammetans 14 With all the speed they can (without skinning) they cut the Body in two parts.
1878 C. H. Spurgeon Serm. XXIV. 699 The skinning of flints and the driving of screws are practised by many people as if they were positively meritorious.
1891 C. Roberts Adrift in Amer. 105 My feet were not yet quite well, after the skinning they had got coming over the trail from Wallace.
1939 Street & Smith's Western Story Mag. 23 Sept. 71/1 All the Indians from miles around assembled to help with the skinning and to strip the tallow and render it out in big iron kettles.
1951 Jrnl. Wildlife Managem. 15 205/1 Various skinners found that the air-inflation treatment made the skinning noticeably easier.
1996 J. Morgan Debrett's New Guide Etiquette & Mod. Manners 330 The skinning of larger fruit such as apples and pears was once de rigueur, but with the increased emphasis on a high-fibre healthy diet this is now optional.
b. slang. The action of stripping a person of money, property, or clothing; fleecing; an instance of this. Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > loss > taking away > [noun] > fleecing
fleecing1593
skinning1686
defeathering1888
1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 347 Places for the skinning of strangers [Fr. écorcheries pour des étrangers], who are reputed to be rich.
1846 Madison (Wisconsin Territory) Express 21 May This skinning of poor girls, boys and men out of a shilling..will not be winked at by the power Supreme at the judgment day.
1872 N.Y. Herald 22 Mar. 6/3 These dealers, who have been so long the victims of official plunderers..that..they may be said to have become accustomed to skinning.
1893 Westm. Gaz. 13 Apr. 5/2 Yesterday's race..resulted in what the sporting public, high and low, graphically describe as a ‘skinner’. The bookmakers..do the skinning.
1934 New Eng. Q. 7 606 The unhappy social results of the systematic fleecing and skinning of the public in the stock-market.
1985 Sunday Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 17 Nov. The skinning of a squatter.
2001 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 16 Dec. 15 Females specialised in the stealing of laundry... Another dodge of theirs was known as ‘skinning’, luring a well-dressed boy or girl into a dark alleyway and then stealing all their clothes.
c. Originally and chiefly U.S. In agriculture: the ruthless or reckless exploitation of land; the result of this, the exhaustion or impoverishment of land or the soil.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > [noun] > reckless cultivation
scourging1842
skinning1843
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [noun] > land exhaustion
skinning1888
soil exhaustion1920
soil deficiency1925
soil sickness1934
desertization1968
desertification1974
1843 Cultivator June 94/1 We are surprised to hear a paper..urging the continuance in the ‘old fashion’ of cultivating the most important crop of the south, when it is, admitted by all, that that fashion is one of pure skinning, and that following it so long has nearly ruined the soil.
1856 Trans. Michigan State Agric. Soc. 7 171 The old plan of constant cropping without manure, or ‘skinning’, will ruin the land.
1888 Harper's Mag. Mar. 559 The skinning of the land by sending away its substance in hard wheat is an improvidence of natural resources.
1909 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 17 361 It is clear that to crop and to withhold up-keep of fertility—the process called ‘skinning’—or to slaughter the timber, is a well-recognized way of marketing a land value.
1934 L. Mumford Technics & Civilization v. 256 The skinning of the wheat lands and the cotton lands in order to provide cheap bread and textiles to the manufacturing classes was literally cutting the ground from under their feet.
1992 P. Shepard in M. Oelschlaeger Wilderness Condition 62 He sits astride a horse..on that domestic animal which more than any other symbolized and energized the worldwide pastoral debacle of the skinning of the earth.
d. slang (originally and chiefly U.S.). A physical beating, a thrashing; a verbal beating, a ‘dressing down’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > invective or abuse > [noun] > instance of invective or abuse
reproach1485
yarking1565
revilement1577
skinning1852
stinger1900
stinker1912
the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > defeat or overthrow > [noun] > heavy or crushing
overset1456
Pharsalia1693
smashing1821
rout1831
sauve-qui-peut1861
drubbing1884
smash1888
pounding1912
shellacking1931
fucking?1945
bloodbath1967
wipeout1968
skinning1972
1852 Ladies' Repository Nov. 429/2 The members of the committee are sometimes bribed by a brewer to report in favor of his beer. It is true, if this be found out, brewer and committee may expect a skinning.
1875 Harper's Mag. June 131/2 Then the French came; we gave them a skinning they will never forget.
1929 Chicagoan 17 Aug. 22/2 In this period he [sc. Carl Sandburg] wrote the poetic denunciation of the Rev. Billy Sunday that..remains as the most thorough skinning that the evangelist ever received.
1972 J. W. Thompson in W. King Black Short Story Anthol. 260 That redhead doesn't know it yet, but he's got a skinning coming.
2004 Mirror (Nexis) 10 July 50 There were a series of excellent man to man contests. At the whistle, Anthony..came back to pick up Paddy Bradley and got the skinning of a lifetime.
2.
a. The formation of a new layer of skin, esp. in the healing of an ulcer or wound; an instance of this; †the action of promoting this (obsolete). In later use usually with over. Also in figurative context. Cf. skin v. 10. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > process of healing of an injury, etc. > [noun] > healing over of a wound
cicatrization1543
incarnation?1543
incarnating1549
skinning1562
cicatrizing1607
incarning1720
scabbing1748
syssarcosis1753
scarring1906
fibroplasia1929
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > treatments uniting or replacing parts > [noun] > uniting fractures, wounds, etc. > uniting wound > by inducing cicatrice
skinning1562
cicatrizing1805
1562 W. Bullein Dial. Sorenes f. xxix, in Bulwarke of Defence And the third, to cause newe fleshe to growe, with the skinnyng of it.
1607 G. Markham Cavelarice viii. xlviii. 67 Lay it vpon the sore plaister-wise, renewing it once a day till the Vlcer bee brought to skinning, then dry it vp, and skin it either with Creame and Soote, or with the powder of Hony and Lime.
1633 H. Wotton in L. P. Smith Life & Lett. Sir H. Wotton (1907) II. 341 But whether these be perfect cures or but skinnings over..will appear hereafter.
1638 A. Read Treat. 1st Pt. Chirurg. ix. 66 We are not to goe about the skinning of the wound before the flesh bee somewhat higher than the naturall skin.
1739 S. Sharp Treat. Operations Surg. Introd. 2 The first Stage of Healing..is by Surgeons call'd Digestion;..and the last, or skinning-over, Cicatrization.
a1793 J. Hunter Treat. Blood, Inflammation, & Gun-shot Wounds (1794) ii. vii. 483 Therefore contracting and skinning are probably effects of one cause.
1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 455 The parts towards the centre may be so long kept from skinning, that the granulations may become weak.
1888 Lancet 18 Aug. 353/1 After this skinning over had taken place the whole presented a puckered appearance, the skin being arranged in folds radiating from the point of insertion of the cord.
1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) viii. 169 Granulation tissue may be covered with new skin in this way; but unless scar-contraction accompanies the skinning-over, the cicatrix is liable to break down.
b. The action of providing a vessel with a protective (external) layer or coating; the layer or coating so provided; (originally and chiefly) Nautical the action of covering the timbers of a ship with planks, or the planking so provided (cf. planking n. 1a).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > planking
planking1432
skin1769
skinning1845
1845 Times 18 Oct. 7/5 The skinning of the vessel is diagonal, with three thicknesses of oak.
1846 A. Young Naut. Dict. 284 Skinning, a term used for planking a vessel.
1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 138 Planking, covering the outside of the timbers with plank; sometimes quaintly called ‘skinning’.
1996 Lloyd's List (Nexis) 22 May 11 Construction includes double skinning to comply with future requirements for ballast handling.
2006 Evening Standard (Palmerston North, N.Z.) (Nexis) 6 May 19 He's working on the plane's fuel tanks and their fittings, while the tail structure he built awaits mounting of its wooden fixtures and skinning.
3. U.S. College slang. Chiefly at Yale: the practice of cribbing in an examination, esp. a recitation. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1835 J. Todd Student's Man. (ed. 2) 115 Should you allow yourself to think of going into the recitation-room, and there trust to ‘skinning’, as it is called in some colleges.
1863 Yale Lit. Mag. Apr. 230 The Juniors..received..a Tutorial lecture on the subject of ‘skinning’, (defined to be the obtaining, surreptitiously, from textbooks, during recitation, needed and valuable information).
1886 J. A. Porter Sketches of Yale Life 143Skinning’ is not manly, and you mean soon to give up that pernicious habit.
1895 J. S. Wood Yale Yarns 231 He was so certain sure it was a skinning paper!
4. slang. The action of injecting drugs subcutaneously; = skin-popping n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > [noun] > by injection
needle1903
jabbing1926
main line1931
mainlining1951
shooting1951
skin-popping1951
skin-pop1952
popping1957
skinning1973
1973 Daily Mail 3 Apr. 19/4 Skinning, injecting drugs under the skin.
2002 T. Nordegren A-Z Encycl. Alcohol & Drug Abuse 591/1 Skinning, colloquial term for injecting a drug under the skin (subcutaneous).

Compounds

General attributive, chiefly designating equipment used in the skinning of an animal, as skinning apparatus, skinning knife, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > knife > [noun] > other knives
bollock knifec1400
paring knife1415
spudc1440
pricking-knifec1500
shaving-knife1530–1
by-knifec1570
heading knife1574
stock knife1582
drawing knife1583
bung-knife1592
weeding knife1598
drawing knife1610
heading knife1615
draw knife1679
dressing knife1683
redishing knife1688
mocotaugan1716
skinning knife1767
paper knife1789
draw shave1824
leaf-cutter1828
piece-knife1833
nut-pick1851
relic knife1854
butch1859
straw-knife1862
sportsman's companion1863
ulu1864
skinner1872
hacker1875
over-shave1875
stripping-knife1875
Stanley knife1878
flat-back1888
gauge-knife1888
tine-knife1888
plough1899
band-knife1926
X-Acto1943
shank1953
box cutter1955
ratchet knife1966
ratchet1975
1767 New Mod. Story Teller I. 177 Into the poor horse's chest he pierces his skinning knife, and thereby soon dispatched him.
1821 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 111 304 We were constantly foiled by the astonishing rapidity with which the skinning process took place from within outwards.
1859 G. A. Jackson Diary 8 Jan. in F. Hall Hist. Colorado (1890) II. 521 Dug and panned to-day until my belt knife was worn out; so will have to quit or use my skinning knife.
1864 H. W. Wheelwright Spring & Summer in Lapland 296 Hoping soon to see it lying on his skinning table!
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2196/1 Skinning-apparatus, a mechanical appliance for removing the hides from animals.
1884 Good Words June 391/1 The skinning knives did duty as table knives.
1925 Cent. Mag. Jan. 404/2 Sharpen your spears; put an edge on your skinning-knives.
2004 Shooting Sports Oct. 36/3 The gut hook, which in truth is a skinning hook, is fast and efficient for opening up the hide.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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