black flagn.

Brit.

/blak ˈflaɡ/, U.S.

/ˌblæk ˈflæɡ/

Forms: see black adj. and n. and flag n.⁴

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., flag n.⁴

Etymology: < black adj. + flag n.⁴ In sense 2 originally and chiefly (with reference to members of a Chinese irregular army in Indo-China) after French Pavillons Noirs, plural (1872 or earlier), itself after Chinese hēiqí (in hēiqí jūn, the name of the organization (1865) < hēi black + qí flag + jūn army).

1. A banner or pennant of black cloth displayed as a warning of death, deadly intention, anarchy, etc.; spec. a sign that no quarter will be given or asked; (variously also) the ensign of pirates; a symbol of hunger, or of mourning; the signal of a criminal's execution. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > signalling > visual signalling > flag signalling > [noun] > signal flag > specific

black flag1583

yellow flag1587

red flag1748

yellow jack1753

Blue Peter1754

fire flag1798

recall1832

pilot jack1848

homeward-bound pennant1853

powder flag1864

paying-off pennant1869

Peter1890

storm flag1896

negative flag1897

blackball1966

1583 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (ed. 4) I. 393/1 Other townesmen in the villagies about, ioyning with the townesmen of Oxford:..set vpon the studentes there,..hauing a black flag borne before them.

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 4 The Blacke-flag was sette vp, which signified there was no mercy to be looked for: and that the miserie marching towardes them was so great, that their enemy himselfe..mournd for it.

1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 107 He commanded again that his servants would hang out the Black Flag of defiance against them.

1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 226 We let them soon see who we were, for we hoisted a black Flag with two cross Daggers in it.

1787 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 1149/2 He..set fire to the match as soon as the black flag and marrow-bones were hoisted, and conquered the enemy.

1815 Morning Post 13 May In some places, black flags have been hoisted, with this inscription—‘Hell, the Republic, or Death’.

1865 Illustr. Life A. Lincoln 198 The stars and stripes were floating in every city, town and hamlet..in honor of..their triumph over the black flag of anarchy and slavery.

1887 Longman's Mag. Nov. 105 Certain English publishers can also run up the ‘Jolly Roger’ on occasion, and sail under the Black Flag.

1903 Independent (N.Y.) 19 Mar. 668/2 The places..are quickly filled by the new recruits who have enlisted under the black flag of hunger.

1979 H. J. Ehrlich et al. Reinventing Anarchy, Again xi. 172 The black flag is the symbol of Anarchy. It evokes reactions ranging from horror to delight.

2010 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 3 Feb. b2 Hoist the black flag and begin slitting throats, as we pirates say.

2. In plural and with capital initials. People having a black flag as their emblem; spec. members of a Chinese irregular army opposing the French in Tonkin during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.The Black Flag army was founded in 1865 by Liu Yongfu, leader of one of the groups of rebels in the border districts of Guangxi Province near the Tonkin and Guangdong frontiers.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > [noun] > other nationalities

National Guard1792

black flags1876

service member1890

Wehrmacht1935

Tojo1942

Fighting French1943

Zahal1959

1876 Fraser's Mag. Aug. 191/1 A strong Annamite force had been unsuccessfully combating a Tae-ping army, known as the..Black Flags, on the northern frontier.

1900 Standard 11 Dec. 5/1 Encouragement to the pirates to recommence the exploits of the Black Flags during the war in Tonquin.

1931 G. Audisio Harun al-Rashid xi. 96 (heading) The triumphs of the Black Flags [sc. the Abbassids].

1944 N. Guterman tr. J. Stern French Colonies xiv. 199 Against him were a large army and the strongly organized Black Flags.

1988 G. C. Hickey Kingdom in Morning Mist ii. 16 He was killed by a band of Black Flags at the Paper Bridge outside Hanoi.

2008 J.-D. G. G. Lepage French Foreign Legion iii. 67/2 Their [sc. the French Foreign Legion's] opponents were Chinese irregulars known as the Pavillons noirs (Black Flags) as this was the predominant color of the banners which they carried.

3. In various racing sports (originally Motor Racing): a black flag used to signal a penalty, disqualification, the termination of a race due to poor conditions, etc.In motor racing, the black flag is typically used to indicate that a driver must pull into the pit.

ΚΠ

1934 Autocar 1 June 935/1 Gillow has several times skidded round at the back of the course, and now officials show him a black flag. He comes in and scrutineers examine his front axle and wheels, and he has to retire.

1955 Nevada State Jrnl. 6 Nov. 13/2 Brake trouble and a black flag that cost two minutes running time dropped Renoite-Ray Seher into second place.

1974 Rules of Game 282 A black flag is used to disqualify an offender during a race; the skater must immediately leave the track.

1989 Guardian 6 Oct. 19/8 He was initially disqualified from that race for reversing in the pit lane and then suffered a £50,000 fine for allegedly ignoring the black flag which ordered him into the pits.

1998 Yachts & Yachting 10 July 69/2 After two general recalls, the black flag rule was invoked and the race finally got under way with only one disqualification.

2006 D. Davidson & R. Shaffer Official Hist. Indianapolis 500 230/2 An excellent drive was spoiled by the black flag. Carter was penalized a lap for passing the pace car under the yellow.

Compounds

General attributive (in senses 1 and 2).

ΚΠ

1863 O. J. Victor Hist. Southern Rebellion III. App. 521/2 (heading) The black flag proclamation. A proclamation, by the president of the Confederate States.

1872 S. M. Landis Social War Year 1900 lxxx. 321 A rigorous and black-flag war, the cruelty and terror of which..shall never be known.

1884 French in Indo-China vii. 252 M. Dupuis' expedition had been fired upon from a ‘Black Flag’ post.

1888 Rep. State Trials New Ser. I. 249 I did not see the black flag party come; I saw their flag.

1916 H. H. Morris Thrilling Stories Mexican Warfare ix. 85 When he signed the black flag decree, he reduced his followers to the level of common cut-throats and banditti.

1956 L. Chien-Nung et al. Polit. Hist. China iii. 118 On the pretext of attacking the bandit Black Flag Party,..the French carried on military activities.

2000 O. Chapuis Last Emperors Vietnam iii. 58 Gamier..fell to the ground to be repeatedly stabbed by the Black Flag soldiers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	black flag
释义	black flagn. Brit. /blak ˈflaɡ/, U.S. /ˌblæk ˈflæɡ/ Forms: see black adj. and n. and flag n.⁴ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., flag n.⁴ Etymology: < black adj. + flag n.⁴ In sense 2 originally and chiefly (with reference to members of a Chinese irregular army in Indo-China) after French Pavillons Noirs, plural (1872 or earlier), itself after Chinese hēiqí (in hēiqí jūn, the name of the organization (1865) < hēi black + qí flag + jūn army). 1. A banner or pennant of black cloth displayed as a warning of death, deadly intention, anarchy, etc.; spec. a sign that no quarter will be given or asked; (variously also) the ensign of pirates; a symbol of hunger, or of mourning; the signal of a criminal's execution. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > signalling > visual signalling > flag signalling > [noun] > signal flag > specific black flag1583 yellow flag1587 red flag1748 yellow jack1753 Blue Peter1754 fire flag1798 recall1832 pilot jack1848 homeward-bound pennant1853 powder flag1864 paying-off pennant1869 Peter1890 storm flag1896 negative flag1897 blackball1966 1583 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (ed. 4) I. 393/1 Other townesmen in the villagies about, ioyning with the townesmen of Oxford:..set vpon the studentes there,..hauing a black flag borne before them. 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 4 The Blacke-flag was sette vp, which signified there was no mercy to be looked for: and that the miserie marching towardes them was so great, that their enemy himselfe..mournd for it. 1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 107 He commanded again that his servants would hang out the Black Flag of defiance against them. View more context for this quotation 1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 226 We let them soon see who we were, for we hoisted a black Flag with two cross Daggers in it. 1787 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 1149/2 He..set fire to the match as soon as the black flag and marrow-bones were hoisted, and conquered the enemy. 1815 Morning Post 13 May In some places, black flags have been hoisted, with this inscription—‘Hell, the Republic, or Death’. 1865 Illustr. Life A. Lincoln 198 The stars and stripes were floating in every city, town and hamlet..in honor of..their triumph over the black flag of anarchy and slavery. 1887 Longman's Mag. Nov. 105 Certain English publishers can also run up the ‘Jolly Roger’ on occasion, and sail under the Black Flag. 1903 Independent (N.Y.) 19 Mar. 668/2 The places..are quickly filled by the new recruits who have enlisted under the black flag of hunger. 1979 H. J. Ehrlich et al. Reinventing Anarchy, Again xi. 172 The black flag is the symbol of Anarchy. It evokes reactions ranging from horror to delight. 2010 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 3 Feb. b2 Hoist the black flag and begin slitting throats, as we pirates say. 2. In plural and with capital initials. People having a black flag as their emblem; spec. members of a Chinese irregular army opposing the French in Tonkin during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.The Black Flag army was founded in 1865 by Liu Yongfu, leader of one of the groups of rebels in the border districts of Guangxi Province near the Tonkin and Guangdong frontiers. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > [noun] > other nationalities National Guard1792 black flags1876 service member1890 Wehrmacht1935 Tojo1942 Fighting French1943 Zahal1959 1876 Fraser's Mag. Aug. 191/1 A strong Annamite force had been unsuccessfully combating a Tae-ping army, known as the..Black Flags, on the northern frontier. 1900 Standard 11 Dec. 5/1 Encouragement to the pirates to recommence the exploits of the Black Flags during the war in Tonquin. 1931 G. Audisio Harun al-Rashid xi. 96 (heading) The triumphs of the Black Flags [sc. the Abbassids]. 1944 N. Guterman tr. J. Stern French Colonies xiv. 199 Against him were a large army and the strongly organized Black Flags. 1988 G. C. Hickey Kingdom in Morning Mist ii. 16 He was killed by a band of Black Flags at the Paper Bridge outside Hanoi. 2008 J.-D. G. G. Lepage French Foreign Legion iii. 67/2 Their [sc. the French Foreign Legion's] opponents were Chinese irregulars known as the Pavillons noirs (Black Flags) as this was the predominant color of the banners which they carried. 3. In various racing sports (originally Motor Racing): a black flag used to signal a penalty, disqualification, the termination of a race due to poor conditions, etc.In motor racing, the black flag is typically used to indicate that a driver must pull into the pit. ΚΠ 1934 Autocar 1 June 935/1 Gillow has several times skidded round at the back of the course, and now officials show him a black flag. He comes in and scrutineers examine his front axle and wheels, and he has to retire. 1955 Nevada State Jrnl. 6 Nov. 13/2 Brake trouble and a black flag that cost two minutes running time dropped Renoite-Ray Seher into second place. 1974 Rules of Game 282 A black flag is used to disqualify an offender during a race; the skater must immediately leave the track. 1989 Guardian 6 Oct. 19/8 He was initially disqualified from that race for reversing in the pit lane and then suffered a £50,000 fine for allegedly ignoring the black flag which ordered him into the pits. 1998 Yachts & Yachting 10 July 69/2 After two general recalls, the black flag rule was invoked and the race finally got under way with only one disqualification. 2006 D. Davidson & R. Shaffer Official Hist. Indianapolis 500 230/2 An excellent drive was spoiled by the black flag. Carter was penalized a lap for passing the pace car under the yellow. Compounds General attributive (in senses 1 and 2). ΚΠ 1863 O. J. Victor Hist. Southern Rebellion III. App. 521/2 (heading) The black flag proclamation. A proclamation, by the president of the Confederate States. 1872 S. M. Landis Social War Year 1900 lxxx. 321 A rigorous and black-flag war, the cruelty and terror of which..shall never be known. 1884 French in Indo-China vii. 252 M. Dupuis' expedition had been fired upon from a ‘Black Flag’ post. 1888 Rep. State Trials New Ser. I. 249 I did not see the black flag party come; I saw their flag. 1916 H. H. Morris Thrilling Stories Mexican Warfare ix. 85 When he signed the black flag decree, he reduced his followers to the level of common cut-throats and banditti. 1956 L. Chien-Nung et al. Polit. Hist. China iii. 118 On the pretext of attacking the bandit Black Flag Party,..the French carried on military activities. 2000 O. Chapuis Last Emperors Vietnam iii. 58 Gamier..fell to the ground to be repeatedly stabbed by the Black Flag soldiers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1583
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