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单词 bony
释义

bonyn.

Brit. /ˈbəʊni/, U.S. /ˈboʊni/
Forms: 1800s– bony, 1900s– boney.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: bony adj.
Etymology: < bony adj. (compare sense 3 at that entry). Compare earlier bone n.1 12.
U.S. Mining.
Slaty or shaly material embedded in coal seams; coal containing such material; = bone n.1 12. Also: mining waste, slag. Cf. examples of bony coal at bony adj. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > features of stratum or vein > [noun] > material between > between coal
pennant1669
table-bat1712
bind1799
seral1858
bony1874
1874 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 39 It [sc. the coal] is interstratified with sand-rock and shale. In some of the mines the roof consists of a mixture of the two, called by the men ‘bony’.
1879 Rep. Inspectors of Mines Pennsylvania 1878 (Ex. Doc. No. 10) 140 in Governor's Message & Rep. Heads of Dept. Pennsylvania 1878–9: Pt. 2 I heard the fall of coal and boney in the airway.
1938 Pacific Northwest Q. 29 159 Tuli..examined many veins of coal which he found unsatisfactory because they were either lignite or ‘bony’ (impure coal which, when deposited, contained much foreign matter besides vegetable carbons).
2004 Hudson Rev. 57 406 I dream Luisa dreaming at midday, picking through heaps of bony by the mine for any bits of coal to burn in the stove.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bonyadj.

Brit. /ˈbəʊni/, U.S. /ˈboʊni/
Forms: late Middle English bonny, Middle English– bony, 1500s boanie, 1500s bonye, 1500s–1600s bonie, 1800s– boney (in sense 3).
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: bone n.1, -y suffix1.
Etymology: < bone n.1 + -y suffix1.
1. Of, relating to, or of the nature of bone or bones; consisting or made of bones; resembling bone.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > [adjective]
bonedc1325
bonya1398
boneish1590
bone-like1657
interosseous1745
interosseal1805
ossiform1848
osteal1853
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. xxxiii. 231 The brest is þe ouere bony partye [L. ossea pars] bytwene pappis and tetis.
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 86 (MED) Bony & gristly lymes.
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 22v (MED) Þe forheed..is propirly compouned of two parties..wiþouteforþ, of a fleischi partie þat is a part of þe visage, and wiþinne, of a bony part þat is a parti of þe coronal scolle boon.
?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. G.ijv in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens In the synewes and bony places & without flesshe there is daunger of payne.
1577 Vicary's Profitable Treat. Anat. sig. F.ijv The bones or bony partes, fyrste of the cheekes be two:..of the vpper Mandibile, two.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 116 A certaine bony substance.
1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. §2. iii. 43 The fore part of the Sternum [of a Crocodile] is plainly bony.
1704 tr. L. Lémery Treat. Foods i. xxx. 51 Pine-fruits..are bony oblong shells, wrapt up in a thin light and reddish Skin.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 382 The tortoise has..no teeth..only two bony ridges in the place, serrated and hard. These serve to gather and grind its food.
1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 103 Bony matter was deposited.
1843 J. C. Prichard Nat. Hist. Man 116 The bony structure of the head.
1912 Ann. Surg. 56 378 The best material for free bony grafts is living, periosteum covered bone, if possible from the same individual himself.
1952 W. J. Miller Introd. Hist. Geol. (ed. 6) xxii. 343 The stegosaurs are so named because of the double row of great bony plates on the back of each of these most remarkable brutes.
2014 New Scientist 11 Oct. 8/4 A bony growth in his ear canal..revealed he spent a lot of his time in the cold waters of the South Atlantic Ocean.
2.
a. Of a person, animal, or part of the body: having prominent or projecting bones; esp. so thin that the bones can be seen under the skin; extremely lean or gaunt. Also (occasionally): big-boned; having a heavy frame.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > types of bones > [adjective] > having
well-bonedc1325
big-bonedc1487
bonya1500
boneish1530
bigbone1610
large-boned1614
large-framed1811
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 226 (MED) Tho men Whych haue bonny theghes and Synnowy bene stronge.
1556 T. Hill tr. B. Cocles Brief Epitomye Phisiognomie xxxv. sig. E.vv He whyche hath bony haunches so that the bones beare oute and well sinewed.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 370 A leane, bare, bony face [of a horse].
1654 J. Bulwer View People of Whole World vii. 131 A Face great and not bony.
1726 J. Thomson Winter (ed. 2) 45 Bony, and ghaunt, and grim.
1790 R. Burns in J. Johnson Scots Musical Museum III. 269 Your bony brow was brent.
1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) v. 49 A tall bony woman—straight all the way down.
1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. i. i. 5 A bony, yellow, crab-like hand.., a hand easy to sort with the square, gaunt face.
1909 H. A. Shute Farming it xvii. 153 If I had embraced the cow.., I should have found out what a bony old hat-rack she was.
1965 G. Jones Island of Apples i. i. 8 You could see Mr Urquhart's sad bony face in the little shop window.
2004 T. Wolfe I am Charlotte Simmons xxxiii. 664 This guy was very tall and very bony and very pale and acne-scarred.
b. Of meat or fish eaten as food: having many bones; containing a large amount of bone (as contrasted with flesh, fat, etc.).
ΚΠ
1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry ii. xii. 141 Let your Hawke tyer much vpon sinewie and bony meat, as the rumps of Mutton..or the pynions of the wings of fowle.
1758 R. Griffiths Descr. Thames 198 He [sc. the Roach] is but a course bony Fish, of no great Reputation for his Taste.
1856 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 27 Dec. 5/4 The meat..was, generally speaking, of first-rate quality, not too fat nor too bony, but with proper proportions of fat and lean.
1883 Sheffield & Rotherham Independent 25 Aug. 2/4 We select the least bony joints [of beef] and pay a much higher price.
1908 Brit. Sea Anglers' Society's Q. Mar. 74 Menhaden..is a small species of shad, a rich and very oily fish but excessively bony.
1978 D. Fuller Maori Food & Cookery 13 Kokopu..was good but bony eating.
2009 N.Y. Times 11 Jan. (Long Island section) 9/3 The goat was unpleasantly bony.
3. U.S. Mining. Of coal: containing a considerable amount of slate or shale. Cf. bone n.1 12.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [adjective] > coal > slaty or shaly
shelly1687
bony1840
1840 R. C. Taylor 2 Rep. Stony Creek Coal Estate 17 A part of this vein is of excellent quality; and another is laminated and occasionally ‘bony’.
1856 D. D. Owen Rep. Geol. Surv. Kentucky 204 (table) Black shale or ‘boney coal’.
1915 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 23 730 Coal from the mines has dirt, slack, slate, bony coal, rock, sulphur, etc., in it.
1968 Micropaleontology 14 219/1 Towards the top of the Redstone column..the coal becomes bony.
1999 C. L. Pillmore et al. in D. R. Lageson et al. Colorado & Adjacent Areas 147/1 The claystone bed is underlain by a brownish-orange-weathering, boney coal bed about 12 to 16 in thick.

Compounds

bony hoof n. Obsolete rare a bony outgrowth or swelling located at the top of a horse's hoof, near the pastern; cf. ringbone n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > disorders of feet or hooves
pains1440
mellitc1465
false quarter1523
gravelling?1523
founder1547
foundering1548
foot evil1562
crown scab1566
prick1566
quittor bone1566
moltlong1587
scratches1591
hoof-bound1598
corn1600
javar1600
frush1607
crepance1610
fretishing1610
seam1610
scratchets1611
kibe1639
tread1661
grease1674
gravel1675
twitter-bone1688
cleft1694
quittor1703
bleymes1725
crescent1725
hoof-binding1728
capelet1731
twitter1745
canker1753
grease-heels1753
sand-crack1753
thrush1753
greasing1756
bony hoof1765
seedy toe1829
side bone1840
cracked heel1850
mud fever1872
navicular1888
coronitis1890
toe-crack1891
flat-foot1894
1765 T. H. Croker et al. Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. II. at Hoof Bony Hoof is a round bony swelling, growing on the very top of a horse's hoof, which is always caused by some blow or bruise.
1807 Compl. Farmer (ed. 5) I. at Hoof Bony Hoof, in farriery, a bony swelling upon the top of a horse's hoof. It is mostly caused by some blow or hurt, or by being bruised in the stable.
bony palate n. the anterior part of the palate, consisting of a bony plate covered on its lower surface by the mucous membrane of the mouth and on its upper surface by the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity; = hard palate n. at hard adj. and n. Compounds 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > [noun] > palate > hard palate
bony palate1748
hard palate1779
1748 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. I. 645 The bony palates and mouths of some fish afford us also a great variety of figur'd Fossils.
1847 N.Y. Jrnl. Med. 9 344 To-day I made an attempt to dissect off the mucous membrane from the bony palate.
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1315 The bony palate, which we can feel very readily with the tip of our tongue, is continued into the soft palate.
2001 D. Burnie Kingfisher Illustr. Dinosaur Encycl. 100/3 While earlier plant-eaters had to pause to breathe, Camptosaurus had a long bony palate attached to the roof of its mouth, allowing it to breathe and eat simultaneously.
bony pike n. any of several living or extinct North American freshwater garfishes of the family Lepisosteidae, which have ganoid scales and a body shape similar to that of a pike; esp. the longnose gar, Lepisosteus osseus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > [noun] > infraclass Neopterygii > division Holostei or Halecostomi > member of family Lepisosteidae
bony pike1795
alligator gar1820
alligator-gar1843
diamond fish1854
1795 W. Winterbotham Hist. View Amer. U.S. IV. 411/2 Bony pike.
1835 Philos. Mag. 7 52 There are no fossilized remains of the ‘Silurus’, or bony Pike, in these deposits.
1871 Trans. Royal Irish Acad.: Sci. 24 175 In the broad-nosed bony pike (Lepidosteus spatula) the ivory-like scales are rough and notched.
1957 Illustr. London News 23 Nov. 885 (caption) There are examples of armoured animals which have survived long in time such as crocodiles, tortoises, sturgeons and bony pikes.
2005 S. G. Miller Silence invites Dead 265 In the distance, above a solitary log a large fish glided, its tell-tale flat snout marking it as a bony pike on the hunt.
bony-skeletoned adj. (of a fish) having a bony rather than a cartilaginous skeleton; (in later use) spec. designating a fish belonging to the vertebrate class Osteichthyes; cf. bony fish n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [adjective] > having a skeleton
ossean1688
osseous1828
bony-skeletoned1852
intravertebrated1855
intravertebrate1887
1852 Family Tutor 3 156 They were all cartilaginous—a striking feature of distinction from existing fishes, among which the bony-skeletoned are numerous, the cartilaginous few.
1969 T. C. Lethbridge Monkey's Tail ii. 19 What pressure of natural selection produced the bony-skeletoned fish?
2002 A. C. Ziegler Hawaiian Nat. Hist., Ecol., & Evol. xii. 144 Osteichthyes, the bony-skeletoned fishes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

bonyv.

Forms: 1800s bonyed (past participle).
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: bony adj.
Etymology: < bony adj.
Obsolete.
transitive. To cause to resemble bone; to harden.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > make hard [verb (transitive)] > as frost does
bake1577
bony1814
1814 To Madam Tabitha Thaw (handbill) in E. F. Rimbault Old Ballads Great Frost 1683–4 (1844) p. xxix [‘Thomas Thames’ says] Father Frost and Sister Snow have bonyed my borders, formd an idol of ice on my bosom.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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n.1874adj.a1398v.1814
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