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单词 shovel
释义

shoveln.

/ˈʃʌv(ə)l/
Forms: α. Old English scofl, scobl, Middle English ssofle, Middle English schovele, Middle English schovel, Middle English schofylle, schovyl(le, schowulle, schowelle, shofful, showele, shovele, shoville, Middle English–1500s schovell, shovill, Middle English–1600s shovell, 1500s schovyll, shoffell, choffell, shoovell, shovull, shovelle, showel, 1500s–1600s showell, 1600s–1700s shufle, Middle English– shovel; β. chiefly northernMiddle English–1500s schole, Middle English, 1500s schule, Middle English schoyll, schwll, Middle English–1500s schowle, sholl, Middle English–1500s, 1800s (dialect) shole, Middle English–1600s schuill, 1500s showll, schull, shoull, showle, 1500s–1600s s(c)hoole, shoule, 1500s–1800s shule, 1600s shouel, 1700s shull, 1700s–1800s (dialect) shool, shoo, 1800s shoul, showl, shul; γ. Old English ? scolf, 1500s chollve, 1500s, 1800s (dialect) sholve.
Etymology: Old English scofl feminine corresponds to North Frisian skofel digging shovel, Middle Low German, Low German schuffel , shovel, weeding hoe, Middle Dutch schofel , schoffel shovel (modern Dutch schoffel weeding hoe, whence scuffle n.2); the Middle Swedish skofl , skofwel (Swedish skofvel ), Danish skovl , Norwegian skufl , are probably < Low German; parallel forms with long root-vowel are Old High German scûvala (feminine) (Middle High German schûvel , modern German schaufel ) shovel, early modern Dutch schuivel , dialect schoefel shovel; the Germanic type *skūflō is apparently < the root *skūf- , *skūƀ- of shove v.1
1.
a. A spade-like implement, consisting of a broad blade of metal or other material (more or less hollow and often with upturned sides), attached to a handle and used for raising and removing quantities of earth, grain, coal or other loose material. (In some dialects the word is applied to a spade.) baker's shovel = peel n.2 2; coal-shovel, see coal n. Compounds 1c; malt-shovel, see malt n.1 Compounds 1b; paring-shovel, see paring n. Compounds 1; also fire shovel n.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > digging or lifting tools > [noun] > shovel
shovelc725
scoop1844
spader1867
banjo1918
idiot stick1930
society > occupation and work > equipment > digging or lifting tools > [noun] > shovel > other shovels
shod-shovel1465
scoop1487
peel?a1500
paring-shovel1531
cole-rake1575
rabble1664
van1664
steam shovel1801
ballast wagon1838
wirra1896
power shovel1902
α.
c725 Corpus Gloss. 2051 Trulla: cruce, turl, scofl.
c725 Corpus Gloss. 2081 Vatilla: isern-scobl.
c825 Epinal Gloss. 1022 Trulla: scofl.
a1100 Gerefa in Anglia (1886) 9 263 He sceal habban spade, scofle, wadspitel [etc.].
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2197 Vor ȝe beþ men bet iteiȝt to ssofle [v.rr. schouele, shouell] & to spade..þan [etc.].
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. vi. 192 An heep of heremites..wenten as werkemen with spades and with schoueles.
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 189 A schouyl hath iij. thynges; a scho, an heued, & an handyl.
1531 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 37 A lityll fyer choffell.
1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. i. 99 He should indite that fellow..for knocking Him about the pate with's shouel.
1718 Mem. Life J. Kettlewell i. xv. 107 The Apprentice-Boys would soon knock them on the Head with their paring Shovels.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xiii. 113 The cashier (whose benevolent occupation it is to..dispense sovereigns out of a copper-shovel).
1906 W. M. F. Petrie Relig. Anc. Egypt xiii. 84 The winnowing shovels and rakes stuck upright.
β. a1300 Holy Rood (Ashm.) 42 Þo nome hi spade and schole.c1340 Nominale (Skeat) 519 Trobile beche furche fymere Schole spade mouke-forke.1454 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 150 ij sholez ferro ligat.1545 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 360 For ane dousan of schulis, xs.1612 Bk. Customs & Valuation in A. Halyburton Ledger (1867) 326 Schooles vngarnished the hundreth xli.1786 R. Burns Poems 198 What sairs your Grammars? Ye'd better taen up spades and shools.1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward III. viii. 206 A beard like a baker's shool.1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders xv. 137 We made a grave..and I went for spades and shools.γ. c875 Erfurt Gloss. 1022 Trulla: scolf.1504–5 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 255 Payde for a chollve [cf. p.381 sholve] to pare the Chyrche iiij d.1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 14v A..whelebarowe, sholue & a spade.1583 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 78 j grape, and sholve, iij spades, and iiij irrone forkes 4s.a1855 W. T. Spurdens Forby's Vocab. E. Anglia (1858) III. 44 Sholve, a shovel.
b. In figurative context.
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c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 203 Þe schouyl, I telde ȝou, was satysfaccyoun, þe scho þer-of is almes-dede, þe heuyd is prayere, þe handyll is restitucyoun.
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 199 Wyth a skeet of contrycyoun, wyth a scauell of confessioun, wyth a schouyl of satysfaccyoun.
†c. shod-shovel n. a shovel of wood edged or tipped with metal. Obsolete.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > digging or lifting tools > [noun] > shovel > other shovels
shod-shovel1465
scoop1487
peel?a1500
paring-shovel1531
cole-rake1575
rabble1664
van1664
steam shovel1801
ballast wagon1838
wirra1896
power shovel1902
1465 in J. Raine Charters Priory Finchale (1837) p. ccxcix j schoyd schoyll.
1526–7 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 339 For a Shod-shovill for the Church iiijd.
1606 W. Birnie Blame of Kirk-buriall xviii. sig. E4 With shod-shooles to seugh up the sanctuary-ground.
d. Occasionally used for: A shovelful.
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the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > amount defined by capacity > [noun] > a load as a quantity > amount that fills a spade, shovel, etc.
shovelful1533
trowelful1580
spadeful1650
spitful1842
hoeful1866
shovel1881
1881 C. Whitehead Hops 8 The plant centres being covered with a few shovels of earth.
e. to be put to bed with a shovel: to be buried (Grose Dict. Vulgar Tongue, 1785).
f. transferred. The cue used in the game of shovel-board n. (sense 2).
g. shovel and broom: rhyming slang for ‘room’. Chiefly U.S.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > [noun]
clevec825
chamber?c1225
loftc1385
clochera1400
room1438
roomth1567
receipt1593
stance1632
receptacle1634
stanza1648
apartment1715
slum1819
space1921
shovel and broom1928
1928 M. C. Sharpe Chicago May 288/2 Shovel and broom, room.
1929 D. Runyon in Cosmopolitan Aug. 73/1 My rent is away overdue for the shovel and broom..and I have a hard-hearted landlady... She says she will give me the wind if I do not lay something on the line at once.
1938 Detective Fiction Weekly 23 Apr. 75/1 In Australian slang...a house is a ‘rat and mouse’ and a room a ‘shovel and broom’.
2. ? = shoveller n.2
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the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Threskiornithidae (ibises and spoonbills) > genus Platalea > platalea leucorodia
shovelardc1440
shovellerc1460
shovel1580
shovel-bill1864
shovel-duck1893
1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Pale or cuellier, a bird called shouell.
3. The flat portion of the horn of a moose-deer.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > types of deer > [noun] > genus Alces (elk or moose) > parts of
fender1894
shovel1908
1908 Blackwood's Mag. Aug. 230/1 The brows were very good indeed, and the shovels cupped and broad.
4. = shovel hat n.
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society > faith > artefacts > vestments > headgear > [noun] > hat > shovel
shovel hat1829
shovel1841
rehoboam1849
1841 J. B. Mozley Let. in E. S. Purcell Life Cardinal Manning (1895) I. 194 The straight-cut coat and the gentlest shovel.
1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes I. xxv. 245 She..managed the hat shop... My uncle, the bishop, had his shovels there.
5. A person using a shovel.
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific tools or equipment > [noun] > with tools > with spade or shovel
shovellerc1440
shovel-man1559
spademan1559
spader1647
shooler1830
shovel1834
1834 J. S. Macaulay Treat. Field Fortification 51 Four shovels are placed on the berm,..and the remaining 4 shovels and rammers on the parapet.
c1890 Engineer LXVII. 344 In the early days after the Crimean War, the engineers in the Navy..were technically known as shovels.
6. Military. A contrivance fitted to a field-gun to act as a brake to lessen the recoil.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > recoil gear > types of
coiler rope1600
pintle1644
pintail1794
compressor1859
hydraulic buffer1871
butt pad1884
recuperator1889
shovel1899
check rope1918
1899 Daily News 8 Mar. 4/3 They intend that a ‘shovel’ shall be fixed to our field guns... This ‘shovel’, or break, was described to me by several officers.

Compounds

General attributive.
C1.
a. Simple attributive.
shovel hilt n.
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1888 E. A. P. Burt Stand. Timber Measurer 279 Shovel Hilts.
† shovel iron n. Obsolete
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1395 in J. C. Atkinson Cartularium Abbathiæ de Whiteby (1881) II. 606 Pro ij schole iryn, ij d.
b. Similative.
shovel-beaked adj.
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1896 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. V. 516 (margin) Shovel-Beaked Sturgeons.
shovel-beard n.
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1864 G. A. Sala in Daily Tel. 26 Feb. Those bushy locks, that shovel beard.
shovel-bladed adj.
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1901 Daily Tel. 18 Mar. 7/4 An Eton crew..with shovel-bladed oars.
shovel-ended adj.
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1841 A. W. Pugin Pres. St. Eccles. Archit. (1843) 7 A shovel-ended stole.
shovel-footed adj.
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?a1400 Morte Arth. 1098 Schovelle-fotede was þat schalke.
1836 E. A. Poe in Southern Lit. Messenger Aug. 595/2 Not a shovel-footed negro waddles across the stage.
shovel-handed adj.
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1860 R. W. Emerson Considerations in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 219 No shovel-handed, narrow-brained, gin-drinking million stockingers.
shovel-headed adj.
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1859 R. F. Burton in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 29 161 Their huge shovel-headed spears.
shovel-mouthed adj.
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1763 Ann. Reg., Chron. 106/2 A Shovel-mouthed or cow-bellied shark.
shovel-shaped adj.
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1879 E. O'Donovan Merv Oasis (1882) I. 314 Queer long shovel-shaped oars.
c. Objective.
† shovel-cheaper n. Obsolete
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?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. B.vjv Schouyll chepers.
shovel-maker n.
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1638 MS Canterbury Marriage Licences Elias Tonge of Charing, shouell-maker.
C2. Special combinations:
shovel-bill n. = shoveller n.2
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the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Threskiornithidae (ibises and spoonbills) > genus Platalea > platalea leucorodia
shovelardc1440
shovellerc1460
shovel1580
shovel-bill1864
shovel-duck1893
1864 J. C. Atkinson List Provinc. Names Birds Shovel-bill..Anas clypeata.
shovel-cultivator n. U.S. = shovel-plough n.
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the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > weeding tools
weed hookeOE
weeding hook1378
weedera1425
brier-crook1483
tongs?1523
weeding knife1598
broom-hook1660
weeder knifea1796
shovel-plough1801
extirpator1807
shovel-cultivator1869
thistle-digger1877
thistle-spud1896
thistle-cutter1901
flamethrower1915
flame gun1931
weed cutter2000
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > shovel-plough
shovel-plough1801
shovel-cultivator1869
1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 236 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV They are sometimes very expeditiously covered..with the mold-board or the shovel cultivator.
† shovel dog-fish n. Obsolete ? = shovel-fish n.
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the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > [noun] > infraclass Chondrostei > order Acipenseriformes > member of genus Scaphirhynchus
shovel dog-fish1664
shovel-fish1863
shovel-sturgeon1875
shovel head1881
1664 R. Hubert Catal. Nat. Rarities 13 A Shovell Dogge fish.
shovel-duck n. dialect = shoveller n.2
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the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Threskiornithidae (ibises and spoonbills) > genus Platalea > platalea leucorodia
shovelardc1440
shovellerc1460
shovel1580
shovel-bill1864
shovel-duck1893
1893 in H. T. Cozens-Hardy Broad Norfolk (Eastern Daily Press) 47 Shovel Duck.
shovel-fish n. a fish of the genus Scaphirhynchus, esp. S. platyrhynchus.
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the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > [noun] > infraclass Chondrostei > order Acipenseriformes > member of genus Scaphirhynchus
shovel dog-fish1664
shovel-fish1863
shovel-sturgeon1875
shovel head1881
1863 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) III. 200 The two smaller figures represent the Shovel-fish, so called from the curious form of its head.
† shovel-groat n. Obsolete = shove-groat n.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > table game > shovelboard, etc. > [noun]
shove-groat1488
slip-groat1521
shove-board1522
shovel-board1532
slide-thrift1541
slide-groat1552
slip-thrift1579
shovel-board play1691
shovel-groat1825
shove-halfpenny1841
push-halfpenny1844
push-penny1856
shovel-penny1887
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Slide-thrift, a game in which men are used, as at Draughts, and the victor is he who is first off the board; also called Shovel-groat and Shool-the-board; Roxb.
shovel head n. (a) = shovel-fish n.; (b) the bonnet-headed shark, Reniceps tiburo (also attributive).
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the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Pleurotremata > [noun] > miscellaneous types of
tiburon1555
dog1673
picked dog1673
picked dogfish1740
tiger-shark1787
piked dogfish1805
ground-shark1834
sea-attorney1849
gazer1861
shovel head1881
puff shark1902
spur-dog1921
whaler shark1937
megamouth1977
the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > [noun] > infraclass Chondrostei > order Acipenseriformes > member of genus Scaphirhynchus
shovel dog-fish1664
shovel-fish1863
shovel-sturgeon1875
shovel head1881
1881 Cassell's Nat. Hist. V. 45 The second genus called the Shovel-head (Scaphirhynchus), is represented by a single species.
1882 D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert Synopsis Fishes N. Amer. 25 Shovel-head Shark.
shovel-man n. a labourer who uses a shovel.
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific tools or equipment > [noun] > with tools > with spade or shovel
shovellerc1440
shovel-man1559
spademan1559
spader1647
shooler1830
shovel1834
1559 in Boys Hist. Sandwich (1792) 738 Every spade and shovell man muste have..iii laborers with wheale barrowes.
1898 H. Kirke 25 Years Brit. Guiana iii. 37 The late Mr. W. R. once described him as ‘a good shovel man spoiled’.
shovel-nose n. a nose having the shape of and fulfilling the functions of a shovel; also attributive in the names of certain animals and fishes having this characteristic; hence shovel-nosed adj., also transferred.
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the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [adjective] > having a snout > having a shovel-like nose
shovel-nose1707
1707 W. Funnell Voy. round World v. 120 The Shovel-nos'd-Shark.
1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 153 One being called a Bottle-Nosed Whale, the other a Shovel-Nose.
1768 Solander Let. to J. Ellis in Ann. Reg. 1769 (1770) App. 188/2 Shovel nose sharks.
1837 J. F. Cooper England (ed. 2) I. 185 A shovel-nosed hat and a wig.
1882 D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert Synopsis Fishes N. Amer. 88 Shovel-nose Sturgeon.
1885 C. F. Holder Marvels Animal Life 180 The shark..running its shovel nose into the sand.
shovel pass n. U.S. Sport an underarm, forward pass made with a shovelling movement of the arms; so as v. transitive and intransitive.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > [noun] > actions or manoeuvres
rush1857
punt-out1861
goal-kicking1871
safety1879
safety touchdown1879
scrimmage1880
rushing1882
safety touch1884
touchback1884
forward pass1890
run1890
blocking1891
signal1891
fake1893
onside kick1895
tandem-play1895
pass play1896
spiral1896
shift1901
end run1902
straight-arm1903
quarterback sneak1904
runback1905
roughing1906
Minnesota shift1910
quarterbacking1910
snap-back1910
pickoff1912
punt return1914
screen forward pass1915
screen pass1920
power play1921
sneak1921
passback1922
snap1922
defence1923
reverse1924
carry1927
lateral1927
stiff-arm1927
zone1927
zone defence1927
submarine charge1928
squib1929
block1931
pass rushing1933
safetying1933
trap play1933
end-around1934
straight-arming1934
trap1935
mousetrap1936
buttonhook1938
blitzing1940
hand-off1940
pitchout1946
slant1947
strike1947
draw play1948
shovel pass1948
bootleg1949
option1950
red dog1950
red-dogging1951
rollout1951
submarine1952
sleeper pass1954
draw1956
bomb1960
swing pass1960
pass rush1962
blitz1963
spearing1964
onsides kick1965
takeaway1967
quarterback sack1968
smash-mouth1968
veer1968
turn-over1969
bump-and-run1970
scramble1971
sack1972
nose tackle1975
nickel1979
pressure1981
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > play American football [verb (intransitive)] > actions or manoeuvres
rush1873
return1884
block1889
goal1900
drive1902
interfere1920
submarine1925
lateral1927
lateral1930
pull1933
to hand off1937
shovel pass1948
bootleg1951
scramble1964
spear1964
blitz1965
convert1970
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > play American football [verb (transitive)] > actions to ball
return1884
snap1887
drive1889
centre1895
to turn over1921
convert1932
lateral1932
snag1942
shovel pass1948
bootleg1951
squib1966
to take a (also the) knee1972
spike1976
1948 News-Age-Herald (Birmingham, Alabama) 31 Oct. c5/2 Frank Tripucka..then shovel-passed to Sitko.
1948 News-Age-Herald (Birmingham, Alabama) 31 Oct. c5/2 Frank Tripucka..faked a handoff to Bill Gay then shovel-passed it to Sitko.
1976 Honolulu Star Bull. 21 Dec. h1/1 Alabama trotted out such gimmicks as..an underhand shovel pass for a key 19-yard gain and an unbalanced line.
shovel-penny n. = shovel-board n.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > table game > shovelboard, etc. > [noun]
shove-groat1488
slip-groat1521
shove-board1522
shovel-board1532
slide-thrift1541
slide-groat1552
slip-thrift1579
shovel-board play1691
shovel-groat1825
shove-halfpenny1841
push-halfpenny1844
push-penny1856
shovel-penny1887
1887 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. VI. Shovel-penny.
shovel-plough n. an implement for clearing cornland of weeds.
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the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > weeding tools
weed hookeOE
weeding hook1378
weedera1425
brier-crook1483
tongs?1523
weeding knife1598
broom-hook1660
weeder knifea1796
shovel-plough1801
extirpator1807
shovel-cultivator1869
thistle-digger1877
thistle-spud1896
thistle-cutter1901
flamethrower1915
flame gun1931
weed cutter2000
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > shovel-plough
shovel-plough1801
shovel-cultivator1869
1801 Farmer's Mag. Apr. 209 An implement for cleaning corn land is also used, called the shovel plough.
1812 J. Sinclair Acct. Syst. Husbandry Scotl. i. 96 Cast-metal rollers, and scrapers, or shovel-ploughs.
shovel-stirrup n. a stirrup with a broad rest for the foot, extending behind the heel.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > stirrup
stirrupc1000
steel bowc1275
iron1662
saddle iron1772
shovel-stirrup1883
oxbow stirrup1907
oxbow1942
1883 H. W. V. Stuart Egypt 33 Most of the party were mounted on horses with carpet housings and shovel stirrups.
a1894 A. H. Layard Autobiogr. (1903) II. 34 Heavy shovel stirrups which served for spurs.
shovel-sturgeon n. = shovel-fish n.
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the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > [noun] > infraclass Chondrostei > order Acipenseriformes > member of genus Scaphirhynchus
shovel dog-fish1664
shovel-fish1863
shovel-sturgeon1875
shovel head1881
1875 E. D. Cope Check-list N. Amer. Batrachia 87 The shovel-sturgeon (Scaphirhynchops).
shovel-tree n. (see quot. 1887).
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society > occupation and work > equipment > digging or lifting tools > [noun] > shovel > handle of shovel
shovel-woodc1615
shovel-tree1887
1887 T. Darlington Folk-speech S. Cheshire Shovel-tree, the handle of a spade.
† shovel-wood n. Obsolete = shovel-tree n.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > digging or lifting tools > [noun] > shovel > handle of shovel
shovel-woodc1615
shovel-tree1887
c1615 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/5) Payd for a shoufell wood v d and setting of it ane [sic] viij d.

Draft additions June 2014

shovel-ready adj. chiefly U.S. (of a building project or development site) ready for construction to begin immediately, with all preliminary stages of approval and planning complete; also in extended use.
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1995 Telegram & Gaz. (Worcester, Mass.) 22 Feb. a8/3 Brewer noted that projects seeking approval from the state Board of Education have to be ‘shovel ready’. That means plans must be drawn, environmental permits obtained, local approvals and money in hand, and construction ready to start.
2002 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 11 Sept. c4 (advt.) Sixty-acre ‘Shovel Ready’ Business Park that is only 90 minutes from Manhattan.
2009 Foreign Policy May 84 To use the current bailout jargon, at least three major technologies are shovel-ready.
2010 M. Abramson Snowman xiii. 119 It had something to do with Obama's stimulus package for shovel-ready projects.
2012 New Yorker 16 Jan. 55/3 [He] won an exemption from California Environmental Quality Act litigation, and declared that his stadium project..was ‘shovel-ready’.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

shovelv.1

/ˈʃʌv(ə)l/
Forms: see the noun. Also 1800s (dialect) shulve.
Etymology: < shovel n. Compare Middle Low German schuffelen, Middle High German schûveln, schûfeln (modern German schaufeln), Swedish skofla, Danish skovle, Norwegian skufla, skovla.
1.
a. transitive. To take up and remove with a shovel. Chiefly with adverb or adverbial phrase. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > transference > [verb (transitive)] > by a ladle, shovel, etc.
ladec950
keach1387
shovelc1440
scuppet1599
spoon1715
ladle1859
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 448/2 Schovelyn, wythe a schowelle, tribulo.
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 193 I lykenyd satysfaccyoun to a schouele to schouell out wyth þe crommys of þe wose of dedly synne.
1590 in T. Harwood Hist. Lichfield (1806) 527 Payd..for shollynge snowe off the Churche.
1659 A. Speed Adam out of Eden xiv. 107 Shovelling the Corn from the sides of the roomes.
1791 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 24/2 The men that shovel the dirt out of the road.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. x. 256 Tak the shool a bit, and shool out the loose earth.
1891 S. Smiles Publisher & Friends I. vii. 141 The labourers were at work shovelling away the snow.
†b. to shovel down: to destroy by shovelling away. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > break down, demolish, or ruin
spillc950
fellOE
to cast downc1230
destroy1297
to turn up?c1335
to throw down1340
to ding downc1380
to break downa1382
subverta1382
underturn1382
to take downc1384
falla1400
to make (a building, etc.) plain (with the earth)a1400
voida1400
brittenc1400
to burst downc1440
to pull downc1450
pluck1481
tumble1487
wreck1510
defacea1513
confound1523
raze1523
arase1530
to beat downc1540
ruinate1548
demolish1560
plane1562
to shovel down1563
race?1567
ruin1585
rape1597
unwall1598
to bluster down16..
raise1603
level1614
debolish1615
unbuilda1616
to make smooth work of1616
slight1640
to knock down1776
squabash1822
collapse1883
to turn over1897
mash1924
rubble1945
to take apart1978
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > bring to the ground/lay low > cause to fall by digging
to dig down1526
to shovel down1563
1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 5 To schuil doun thir wallis to the ground.
c. transferred. (With adverb.) To remove as rubbish; to move about roughly and without consideration.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push or pull about roughly
to-push13..
manhandlea1470
tussle?a1500
touse1509
rouzle1582
touslea1585
turmoil1588
jostle1602
grabble1684
swig1684
shovel1816
tousle1816
to push (someone) around1900
scruff1926
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > as rubbish
shovel1816
1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. x. 259 I hae na lived sae lang in the warld neither to be shooled out o't that gate.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. ii. i. 46 In such sort are poor mortals swept and shovelled to and fro.
1863 N. Hawthorne Our Old Home I. 184 A great amount of rubbish, which any competent editor would have shovelled out of the way.
2.
a. To excavate, dig up (the ground, etc.), dig (a hole, etc.) with a shovel.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > dig (hole, etc.) > dig with specific tool
shovel?a1500
spade1647
mattock1649
spade-trench1840
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Preaching of Swallow l. 1844 in Poems (1981) 72 In the snaw he schulit hes ane plane.
1785 R. Forbes Ulysses' Answer Ajax 37 in Select Coll. Poems Buchan Dial. The gutter's sheel'd.
1857 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 18 i. 105 A man will ‘shool’ about one-eighth of an acre per diem.
b. To clear out with a shovel.
ΚΠ
1886 Leslie's Pop. Monthly Feb. 242/1 The path had not been shoveled out.
3. To throw (quantities of some material) into a receptacle, to cast (earth, dust, etc.) on or upon something or somebody.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > throw [verb (transitive)] > so as to impinge on something > quantities of material
shovela1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iv. 458 Some Hangman must..lay me Where no Priest shouels-in dust. View more context for this quotation
c1800 ‘Broom blooms bonnie’ x, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882) I. i. 184/2 It was nae wonder his heart was sair, When he shooled the mools on her yellow hair.
1869 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 98 The powder is shovelled into sacks.
1913 Blackwood's Mag. Sept. 356/2 One of them..was shovelling tipsy cake into his ample mouth.
figurative.1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. x. v. 37 Partridge likewise shovelled in his Share of Calumny. View more context for this quotation1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad II. iii. 269 Thousands..unshipped on the desert shore—shovelled, as it were, into a strange land.
4. To gather (something) up in quantities as with a shovel.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > (as) with a shovel or scoop
skim1665
shovel1685
bale1692
scoop1850
1685 W. Penn Further Acct. Pennsylvania 9 Herring..swarm in such shoales..in little Creeks, they almost shovel them up in their tubs.
1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. iv. xi. 186 I have seen..Ducks shovel them up as they swim along the Waters.
1879 Daily News 22 Mar. 6/2 Storekeepers..are simply shovelling up money.
5. intransitive. To use a shovel.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (intransitive)] > other tools or equipment
filec1230
to blow the bellowsc1440
pump1508
vice1612
plane1678
shovel1685
turn1796
brake1862
pestle1866
chisel1873
roll1881
slice1893
leverage1937
monkeywrench1993
1685 Mr. Travestin Acct. Proc. against Turks 30 No one offered to put out the fire, till the Duke of Lorrain came and began himself to shovel upon it.
1864 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia IV. xv. ii. 22 In relays, 3,000 of the Militia men dig and shovel night and day.
in extended use.1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. vii. 133 Is that all? thought Sampson, resuming his spoon, and shovelling away manfully.1882 R. Payne-Gallwey Fowler in Ireland 39 You can discern..the rippling bills as they shovel greedily along the ooze.
6. transferred. To turn (something) over with a shovel.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > dig (hole, etc.) > dig with specific tool > turn over with shovel
shovel?1775
?1775 Trials Felons Castle of York 29/2 I shoveled it [the earth] over, and threw it into that corner.
1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 425 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV The salt and lime were..mixed about three months before use and afterward shoveled over several times.
7. to shovel out: to distribute in shovelfuls. figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > distribute or deal out [verb (transitive)] > in large quantities
to shovel out1858
dollop1860
1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. v. iii. 568 George I. shovelling-out his English subsidies as usual.
8. transitive and intransitive. To intrude. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come in [verb (intransitive)] > in unwelcome or unwarranted manner
pressc1390
poach?1536
shovel1540
encroach1555
intrude1573
obtrude1579
wedge1631
interlope1775
to butt in1899
to wade in1905
horn1912
muscle1928
chisel1936
the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > acting in another's business or intervention > act in another's business or intervene [verb (intransitive)] > intrude or interfere
chop1535
shovel1540
to put (also stick, shove, etc.) one's oar in1542
intrude1573
to put in one's spoke1580
to put forward1816
neb1889
to butt in1899
to butt into ——1900
horn1912
muscle1928
chisel1936
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. iii. sig. Liijv I wyll sowe me in i. I wyll thrust me in, or schole in [L. a tergo me hinc inseram].
1862 C. C. Robinson Dial. Leeds & Neighbourhood 403 He'll shool in onnywhear, whear ther's owt to be gotten.
1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. Shool, v.a. and slightly as a v.n. to intrude. Shovel is also in occasional active use with this meaning.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

shovelv.2

/ˈʃʌv(ə)l/
Forms: Also Middle English schovel, 1800s dialect shool, shulve.
Etymology: apparently a frequentative < shove v.1 Compare shuffle v. In modern use apparently associated with shovel v.1
Now rare.
intransitive. To make movements with the feet, without raising them from the ground; to walk languidly or lazily. (Cf. shuffle v. 1.)
ΚΠ
c1430 Wyclif's Bible Job xi. 10 (MS. S.) Shoueling forth [v.rr. stumblynge, hirtynge, L. offendens] with his feet.
?c1450 in G. J. Aungier Hist. & Antiq. Syon Monastery (1840) 381 They schal euer haue warnes..that they schouel not withe ther fete up on the pament, wherby the reder may the wers be herde.
1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 6th Serm. sig. Uviv They hard hym quietkely [sic], with out any shouelynge of feete, or walkynge vp and downe.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 29 When I walk, that assignable..part of my soul, which was in my leg, comes shoveling after me.
1824 T. Carlyle Let. 25 June in Coll. Lett. T. & J. W. Carlyle (1970) III. 90 In walking he does not tread but shovel and slide.
a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Shool, Shulve, to saunter, with such extreme laziness, as if the saunterer did not mean to walk, but to shovel up the dust with his feet.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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