shrinkagen.

Brit.

/ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ/, U.S.

/ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ/

Etymology: < shrink v. + -age suffix.

1. The act or fact of shrinking; reduction in the size or volume of a substance or material due to contraction such as is caused by heat, cold, or wet.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > [noun] > contraction > shrinking

shrinkinga1398

shrinkage1800

1800 P. Colquhoun Treat. Commerce & Police R. Thames ii. 76 Deficiencies of goods far beyond what can arise from natural waste or shrinkage.

1852 E. Lomax & T. Gunyon Nicholson's Encycl. Archit. I. 74/2 All timber is liable to shrinkage by the evaporation of the moisture which is always present.

1853 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 9) I. ii. xiv. 327 The mud..solidifies, and becomes traversed by cracks, caused by shrinkage.

1884 Contemp. Rev. July 62 The shrinkage of the lakes has permitted systematic excavations to be made in their former beds.

1889 H. R. Haggard Cleopatra Introd. Notwithstanding..the shrinkage of the flesh, I think the face was one of the most imposing and beautiful that I ever saw.

a. The amount of such contraction or loss in bulk, volume, or measurement.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > [noun] > contraction > amount of

shrinkage1862

1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. x. 27/2 Various specimens of clays..made up into squares to show their relative shrinkages.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2169/1 Brass contracts rather more [than cast iron], ³/ ₁₆ inch shrinkage to the foot being allowed.

1884 Sci. Amer. Suppl. XVIII. 7197 All substances that tend to decrease the refractory character of the basic brick increase their shrinkage.

b. Gunsmithing. In shrinking on hoops or tubes, the difference between the inner diameter of the outer cylinder and the outer diameter of the inner cylinder.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > [noun] > manufacture of firearms and ammunition > measurements

shrinkage1891

1891 in Cent. Dict.

1894 Times 31 Aug. 6/1 The complicated calculations connected with the ‘shrinkage’ and tensions of the various parts of built-up guns.

a. Of immaterial things: Diminution or reduction in quantity, amount, or size; depreciation or decrease in value; the amount of such diminution.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun]

waningc900

littlingOE

lessingc1350

abating1370

diminutionc1374

minishinga1382

decrease1383

remissiona1398

shrinkinga1398

decreasing1398

adminishing?c1400

abbreviation?a1425

lessening?a1425

minoration?a1425

disincrease1430

abatement1433

restrictiona1450

batea1475

diminuation1477

limitation1483

abate1486

minute1495

minishment1533

mitigation1533

diminishinga1535

extenuation1542

slacking1542

reduce1549

diminishment1551

perditionc1555

debatementa1563

rebatement1573

obstriction1578

imminution1583

contracting1585

contraction1589

rabate1589

rebating1598

retrenchmentc1600

decession1606

ravalling1609

reducement1619

decrement1621

bating1629

shrivellinga1631

decretion1635

dejection1652

abater1653

rolling back1658

limiting1677

batement1679

reduction1695

depression1793

downdraw1813

descent1832

decess1854

lowering1868

shrinkage1873

dégringolade1883

minification1894

degrowth1920

downrating1950

1873 ‘M. Twain’ & C. D. Warner Gilded Age xliv. 397 They invariably allowed a half for shrinkage in his statements.

1879 H. James Hawthorne 129 The shrinkage and extinction of a family.

1879 Standard 21 May 2/1 The failure is attributed to bad debts, shrinkage in the value of goods, and the withdrawal of capital.

1880 R. Jefferies Hodge & Masters II. 266 There has been proceeding a general shrinkage, as it were, of speculative investment.

1891 Times 9 Oct. 9/6 The total shrinkage was £40,000.

b. spec. in Commerce, an allowance made for the reduction in takings due to wastage, theft, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > account book > equality between sides > amount placed on other side as equivalent > specific

shrinkage1961

1961 Times 6 Jan. 6/3 An allowance of up to 1 per cent is made for pilfering, the euphemistic word for it being ‘shrinkage’.

1972 Guardian 14 July 12/6 Around £300 is lost each year..through..shrinkage. Shrinkage is not just customer pilferage. It includes errors, incompetence and inexperience.

1981 Times 4 Mar. 16/1 For some time supermarkets and department stores have referred to shoplifting euphemistically as shrinkage on their balance sheets.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

shrinkage-resistant adj.

ΚΠ

1946 Nature 14 Sept. 386/1 The greatly increased demand for shrinkage-resistant garments by the Forces.

C2.

shrinkage cavity n. a cavity in metal caused by shrinkage.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > qualities of metals > [noun] > imperfections

honeycomb1530

roll mark1894

hair crack1896

season crack1909

season cracking1910

snowflake1919

hairline crack1923

shrinkage cavity1923

clink1925

shatter crack1930

stretcher strain1931

pimpling1940

stringer1942

quench cracking1949

1923 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics V. 358 (caption) Shrinkage cavities at surface of aluminium alloy ingot.

1973 G. J. Davies Solidification & Casting ix. 180 (caption) A large shrinkage cavity in the interior of an aluminium-bronze sand casting.

shrinkage crack n. Geology a crack formed on the surface of a bed of rock and due to shrinkage caused by exposure to sun and air; a crack similarly formed in other materials.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > fissure or crack

clinta1400

shake1747

grike1781

sun crack1831

mud-crack1853

shrinkage crack1867

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] > a crack or breach > specific type of or having specific cause

fire crack1656

star1838

flake1866

shrinkage crack1867

snowflake1919

microfracture1939

microcrack1950

1867 R. I. Murchison Siluria xviii. 437 In the Gaspé sandstones casts of shrinkage-cracks are very common.

1872 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 29 59 These nodules..are highly mineralized; for they exhibit wide shrinkage-cracks.

1930 New Statesman 27 Dec. 357/2 And even as regards telegraph poles and the like a preference is given to those with long shrinkage cracks.

shrinkage fit n. a fit made by shrinking one cylindrical piece on to another.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > [noun] > adhesion > shrinkage fit

shrink fit1882

shrinkage fit1895

1895 W. Kent Mech. Engineer's Pocket-bk. 973 (heading) Shrinkage fits.

1928 F. D. Jones Handbk. Encycl. Engin. 977 A cylindrical part which is to be held in position by a shrinkage fit is first turned a few thousandths of an inch larger than the hole in which it is to fit; the diameter of the latter is increased by heating, and after the part is inserted, the heated outer member is cooled, causing it to grip the pin or shaft with tremendous pressure.

shrinkage rule n. = contraction-rule n. at contraction n. Compounds.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	shrinkage
释义	shrinkagen. Brit. /ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ/ Etymology: < shrink v. + -age suffix. 1. The act or fact of shrinking; reduction in the size or volume of a substance or material due to contraction such as is caused by heat, cold, or wet. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > [noun] > contraction > shrinking shrinkinga1398 shrinkage1800 1800 P. Colquhoun Treat. Commerce & Police R. Thames ii. 76 Deficiencies of goods far beyond what can arise from natural waste or shrinkage. 1852 E. Lomax & T. Gunyon Nicholson's Encycl. Archit. I. 74/2 All timber is liable to shrinkage by the evaporation of the moisture which is always present. 1853 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 9) I. ii. xiv. 327 The mud..solidifies, and becomes traversed by cracks, caused by shrinkage. 1884 Contemp. Rev. July 62 The shrinkage of the lakes has permitted systematic excavations to be made in their former beds. 1889 H. R. Haggard Cleopatra Introd. Notwithstanding..the shrinkage of the flesh, I think the face was one of the most imposing and beautiful that I ever saw. 2. a. The amount of such contraction or loss in bulk, volume, or measurement. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > [noun] > contraction > amount of shrinkage1862 1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. x. 27/2 Various specimens of clays..made up into squares to show their relative shrinkages. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2169/1 Brass contracts rather more [than cast iron], ³/ ₁₆ inch shrinkage to the foot being allowed. 1884 Sci. Amer. Suppl. XVIII. 7197 All substances that tend to decrease the refractory character of the basic brick increase their shrinkage. b. Gunsmithing. In shrinking on hoops or tubes, the difference between the inner diameter of the outer cylinder and the outer diameter of the inner cylinder. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > [noun] > manufacture of firearms and ammunition > measurements shrinkage1891 1891 in Cent. Dict. 1894 Times 31 Aug. 6/1 The complicated calculations connected with the ‘shrinkage’ and tensions of the various parts of built-up guns. 3. a. Of immaterial things: Diminution or reduction in quantity, amount, or size; depreciation or decrease in value; the amount of such diminution. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] waningc900 littlingOE lessingc1350 abating1370 diminutionc1374 minishinga1382 decrease1383 remissiona1398 shrinkinga1398 decreasing1398 adminishing?c1400 abbreviation?a1425 lessening?a1425 minoration?a1425 disincrease1430 abatement1433 restrictiona1450 batea1475 diminuation1477 limitation1483 abate1486 minute1495 minishment1533 mitigation1533 diminishinga1535 extenuation1542 slacking1542 reduce1549 diminishment1551 perditionc1555 debatementa1563 rebatement1573 obstriction1578 imminution1583 contracting1585 contraction1589 rabate1589 rebating1598 retrenchmentc1600 decession1606 ravalling1609 reducement1619 decrement1621 bating1629 shrivellinga1631 decretion1635 dejection1652 abater1653 rolling back1658 limiting1677 batement1679 reduction1695 depression1793 downdraw1813 descent1832 decess1854 lowering1868 shrinkage1873 dégringolade1883 minification1894 degrowth1920 downrating1950 1873 ‘M. Twain’ & C. D. Warner Gilded Age xliv. 397 They invariably allowed a half for shrinkage in his statements. 1879 H. James Hawthorne 129 The shrinkage and extinction of a family. 1879 Standard 21 May 2/1 The failure is attributed to bad debts, shrinkage in the value of goods, and the withdrawal of capital. 1880 R. Jefferies Hodge & Masters II. 266 There has been proceeding a general shrinkage, as it were, of speculative investment. 1891 Times 9 Oct. 9/6 The total shrinkage was £40,000. b. spec. in Commerce, an allowance made for the reduction in takings due to wastage, theft, etc. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > account book > equality between sides > amount placed on other side as equivalent > specific shrinkage1961 1961 Times 6 Jan. 6/3 An allowance of up to 1 per cent is made for pilfering, the euphemistic word for it being ‘shrinkage’. 1972 Guardian 14 July 12/6 Around £300 is lost each year..through..shrinkage. Shrinkage is not just customer pilferage. It includes errors, incompetence and inexperience. 1981 Times 4 Mar. 16/1 For some time supermarkets and department stores have referred to shoplifting euphemistically as shrinkage on their balance sheets. Compounds C1. General attributive. shrinkage-resistant adj. ΚΠ 1946 Nature 14 Sept. 386/1 The greatly increased demand for shrinkage-resistant garments by the Forces. C2. shrinkage cavity n. a cavity in metal caused by shrinkage. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > qualities of metals > [noun] > imperfections honeycomb1530 roll mark1894 hair crack1896 season crack1909 season cracking1910 snowflake1919 hairline crack1923 shrinkage cavity1923 clink1925 shatter crack1930 stretcher strain1931 pimpling1940 stringer1942 quench cracking1949 1923 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics V. 358 (caption) Shrinkage cavities at surface of aluminium alloy ingot. 1973 G. J. Davies Solidification & Casting ix. 180 (caption) A large shrinkage cavity in the interior of an aluminium-bronze sand casting. shrinkage crack n. Geology a crack formed on the surface of a bed of rock and due to shrinkage caused by exposure to sun and air; a crack similarly formed in other materials. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > fissure or crack clinta1400 shake1747 grike1781 sun crack1831 mud-crack1853 shrinkage crack1867 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] > a crack or breach > specific type of or having specific cause fire crack1656 star1838 flake1866 shrinkage crack1867 snowflake1919 microfracture1939 microcrack1950 1867 R. I. Murchison Siluria xviii. 437 In the Gaspé sandstones casts of shrinkage-cracks are very common. 1872 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 29 59 These nodules..are highly mineralized; for they exhibit wide shrinkage-cracks. 1930 New Statesman 27 Dec. 357/2 And even as regards telegraph poles and the like a preference is given to those with long shrinkage cracks. shrinkage fit n. a fit made by shrinking one cylindrical piece on to another. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > [noun] > adhesion > shrinkage fit shrink fit1882 shrinkage fit1895 1895 W. Kent Mech. Engineer's Pocket-bk. 973 (heading) Shrinkage fits. 1928 F. D. Jones Handbk. Encycl. Engin. 977 A cylindrical part which is to be held in position by a shrinkage fit is first turned a few thousandths of an inch larger than the hole in which it is to fit; the diameter of the latter is increased by heating, and after the part is inserted, the heated outer member is cooled, causing it to grip the pin or shaft with tremendous pressure. shrinkage rule n. = contraction-rule n. at contraction n. Compounds. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1800
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