bitingn.

/ˈbʌɪtɪŋ/

Etymology: < bite v. + -ing suffix¹.

a. The action of bite v. in its various senses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > biting > [noun]

bitc893

bitingc1175

morsure?a1425

bite1499

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > severe

biting1382

tomahawking1777

sledgehammering1853

grief1891

pan1899

panning1908

excoriation1924

flak1968

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > [noun]

teleeOE

folk-leasinga1000

tolec1000

wrayingc1000

missaw?c1225

slanderc1290

disclanderc1300

famationc1325

noisec1325

skander1338

missaying1340

misspeecha1375

slanderingc1380

biting1382

defaminga1400

filtha1400

missaya1400

obloquya1438

oblocution?a1439

juroryc1440

defamationa1450

defamea1450

forspeaking1483

depravinga1500

defamya1513

injury?1518

depravation1526

maledictiona1530

abusion?1530

blasphemation1533

infamation1533

insectationa1535

calumning1541

calumniation?1549

abuse1559

calumnying1563

calumny1564

belying?1565

illingc1575

scandalizing1575

misparlance?1577

blot1587

libelling1587

scandal1596

traducement1597

injurying1604

deprave1610

vilifying1611

noisec1613

disfame1620

sycophancy1622

aspersion1633

disreport1640

medisance1648

bollocking1653

vilification1653

sugillation1654

blasphemya1656

traduction1656

calumniating1660

blaspheming1677

aspersing1702

blowing1710

infamizing1827

malignation1836

mud-slinging1858

mud-throwing1864

denigration1868

mud-flinging1876

dénigrement1883

malignment1885

injurious falsehood1907

mud-sling1919

bad-mouthing1939

bad mouth1947

trash-talking1974

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > [noun] > pricking or murmuring of conscience

wormOE

prick of conscience?c1225

bitingc1440

compunction?a1475

grudge1483

pouncea1500

grutch1509

pincha1566

remurmuration of conscience1611

twinge1622

wringing1623

twinging1816

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 33 A þer [in helle] is waning and graming..and feonda bitinga.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 37 Bytynge, morsura.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. E.viii, It is like the bitynge of a madde dogge.

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. i. vi. sig. C.viij^v/1, The enuenomed bytings of the Serpentes.

1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling ii. 55 The fish begin to slacken in their biting.

b. fig.

ΚΠ

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Isa. Prol. 224 Opene to the bitingus of manye men.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xxvi. 136 By the sharpenes and bytynge therof ache bredyth in the synewe of felynge.

c1440 W. Hylton Scala Perfeccionis (1494) i. xxxiv, Bityng of conscience.

1628 J. Doughty Disc. Divine Myst. 17 Hence, those bitings and censures against others.

c. spec. in Palaeogr. The convergence of part of two letters, esp. d with e or o, in some medieval manuscripts. Cf. bite v. 12h.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > handwriting or style of > formation of letters > [noun] > convergence of two letters, in medieval manuscripts

biting1957

1957 N. R. Ker Catal. MSS. containing Anglo-Saxon p. xix, The earliest dated English example of biting of d and e known to me is in the form of profession of Bishop Sefrid of Chichester in 1180 (Muniments of the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, C.115, no. 43).

1960 N. R. Ker Eng. MSS. after Norman Conquest 39 This de ligature is perhaps the earliest of the numerous bitings of converging strokes which characterize the formal book-hand throughout the rest of its long existence.

†2. The wound made by a bite; the part bitten.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > wound > stings or bites

stingc900

stinging1398

biting1527

flea-bite1570

flea-biting1598

bite1736

bug bite1739

snip1767

stangc1800

myiasis1839

snake-bite1839

tooth-wound1899

1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Bk. Distyllacyon sig. Cjv, Cloutes wet therin and layd upon the bytynge.

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 274 Spyders applyed and layd vpon their owne bytings..doe heale and helpe those hurts.

1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ ix. 169 The same it will effect on the bitings or stingings of Snakes..and..on the bitings of mad Dogs.

3. biting in (cf. bite v. 11b).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > intaglio printing > [noun] > etching > corrosive agent > action of

biting in1821

bite1875

1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing vii. 390 The corroding with the aquafortis is also called biting in.

1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 428 The biting-in of the plate is the most uncertain part of the process.

Draft additions June 2022

Kenyan English. A bite-sized piece of food; a small snack, appetizer, or canapé. Cf. bite n. 7c.

ΚΠ

1997 Women in Kenya (E. Afr. Women's League) 2 20/3 The reception was held at the Jockey Club, Ngong Racecourse. Here the guests were lavishly entertained with drinks and bitings.

2013 Daily Nation (Kenya) (Nexis) 24 Dec. Include snacks and water, especially if you are travelling a long distance. Carrying your own bitings..will..save you money.

2017 Sunday Nation (Kenya) (Nexis) 5 Feb. When I am looking for a meal rather than just a biting, I will try the fried eggs..with the bigger chorizo sausage and chips.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

ˈbitingadj.

Etymology: < bite v. + -ing suffix².

1. That bites (in the various senses of the vb.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > biting > [adjective]

bitinga1400

bitten1616

the world > space > shape > sharpness of edge or point > [adjective]

sharpc825

bitel?c1200

keena1225

carving?c1225

fellc1330

trenchantc1330

snarpc1480

cuttinga1533

tart?a1534

undullc1540

steel-sharpa1560

teen1578

unrebated1579

unbated1604

biting1607

eager?1611

unblunted1656

shrewd1878

cutty1903

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > [adjective] > attached by something adhesive > apt or tending to adhere > by friction

biting1865

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5954 Hungre flees, sare bitand.

1483 Cath. Angl. 33 Bytynge, mordens, mordax.

1607 S. Hieron Discouerie of Hypocrisie in Wks. (1620) I. 234 A sharpe axe, which hath a byting edge.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Fovre-footed Beastes 573 It hath very sharp teeth, and is a very biting beast.

1865 Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. xiii. 114 The bitingest and tightest screw in London.

a. That causes pain or smart; keen, pungent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [adjective] > smarting or stinging

smartingOE

biting1340

stingingc1400

mordicant?a1425

pungitive?a1425

raw1590

pungent1598

stanging1602

stingyc1615

scorpiaca1670

verberous1688

shrewd1842

snapping1845

stounding1848

mordant1876

smartful1906

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 143 Þet zed o mostard is wel smal..hit is wel strang and wel bitinde.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Bytynge..as gynger or Peper.

1579 E. K. in Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Feb. 231 The byting frost nipt his stalke dead.

1801 R. Southey Thalaba II. x. 222 Louder grows the biting wind.

1843 Dickens Christmas Carol i. 5 It was cold, bleak, biting weather.

b. In names of plants: Acrid, hot, pungent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > [adjective] > having a particular taste

unsavoury1548

biting1597

styptive1640

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 743 White Clematis, biting Peruinkle.

1861 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. II. 324 The Biting Stonecrop.

3. That wounds the mind or feelings; stinging, caustic; bitter, painful.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > bitterness of heart > [adjective] > bitter to the heart or mind

bitter971

attery?c1225

bitingc1374

salt1513

bitterful?1526

wormwood1594

brinisha1617

c1374 Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. vii. 79 Of whiche children how bitynge is euery condicioun.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 105 Þei are..glosandist flaterars & bitandist bacbitars.

1611 B. Rich Honestie of Age (1844) 29 They will say wee are too bitter, too byting, too satiricall.

a1616 Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) v. v. 167 To repay that money will be a biting affliction.

1711 Swift Lett. (1767) III. 187, I writ him lately a biting letter.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones I. i. xiii. 76 So biting a Calamity.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. vii. 129 Full of the insolent and biting wit of their nation.

1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton xii. 171 Casting about for some biting epigram.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2016).

单词	biting
释义	bitingn. /ˈbʌɪtɪŋ/ Etymology: < bite v. + -ing suffix¹. 1. a. The action of bite v. in its various senses. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > biting > [noun] bitc893 bitingc1175 morsure?a1425 bite1499 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > severe biting1382 tomahawking1777 sledgehammering1853 grief1891 pan1899 panning1908 excoriation1924 flak1968 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > [noun] teleeOE folk-leasinga1000 tolec1000 wrayingc1000 missaw?c1225 slanderc1290 disclanderc1300 famationc1325 noisec1325 skander1338 missaying1340 misspeecha1375 slanderingc1380 biting1382 defaminga1400 filtha1400 missaya1400 obloquya1438 oblocution?a1439 juroryc1440 defamationa1450 defamea1450 forspeaking1483 depravinga1500 defamya1513 injury?1518 depravation1526 maledictiona1530 abusion?1530 blasphemation1533 infamation1533 insectationa1535 calumning1541 calumniation?1549 abuse1559 calumnying1563 calumny1564 belying?1565 illingc1575 scandalizing1575 misparlance?1577 blot1587 libelling1587 scandal1596 traducement1597 injurying1604 deprave1610 vilifying1611 noisec1613 disfame1620 sycophancy1622 aspersion1633 disreport1640 medisance1648 bollocking1653 vilification1653 sugillation1654 blasphemya1656 traduction1656 calumniating1660 blaspheming1677 aspersing1702 blowing1710 infamizing1827 malignation1836 mud-slinging1858 mud-throwing1864 denigration1868 mud-flinging1876 dénigrement1883 malignment1885 injurious falsehood1907 mud-sling1919 bad-mouthing1939 bad mouth1947 trash-talking1974 society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > [noun] > pricking or murmuring of conscience wormOE prick of conscience?c1225 bitingc1440 compunction?a1475 grudge1483 pouncea1500 grutch1509 pincha1566 remurmuration of conscience1611 twinge1622 wringing1623 twinging1816 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 33 A þer [in helle] is waning and graming..and feonda bitinga. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 37 Bytynge, morsura. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. E.viii, It is like the bitynge of a madde dogge. 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. i. vi. sig. C.viij^v/1, The enuenomed bytings of the Serpentes. 1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling ii. 55 The fish begin to slacken in their biting. b. fig. ΚΠ 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Isa. Prol. 224 Opene to the bitingus of manye men. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xxvi. 136 By the sharpenes and bytynge therof ache bredyth in the synewe of felynge. c1440 W. Hylton Scala Perfeccionis (1494) i. xxxiv, Bityng of conscience. 1628 J. Doughty Disc. Divine Myst. 17 Hence, those bitings and censures against others. c. spec. in Palaeogr. The convergence of part of two letters, esp. d with e or o, in some medieval manuscripts. Cf. bite v. 12h. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > handwriting or style of > formation of letters > [noun] > convergence of two letters, in medieval manuscripts biting1957 1957 N. R. Ker Catal. MSS. containing Anglo-Saxon p. xix, The earliest dated English example of biting of d and e known to me is in the form of profession of Bishop Sefrid of Chichester in 1180 (Muniments of the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, C.115, no. 43). 1960 N. R. Ker Eng. MSS. after Norman Conquest 39 This de ligature is perhaps the earliest of the numerous bitings of converging strokes which characterize the formal book-hand throughout the rest of its long existence. †2. The wound made by a bite; the part bitten. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > wound > stings or bites stingc900 stinging1398 biting1527 flea-bite1570 flea-biting1598 bite1736 bug bite1739 snip1767 stangc1800 myiasis1839 snake-bite1839 tooth-wound1899 1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Bk. Distyllacyon sig. Cjv, Cloutes wet therin and layd upon the bytynge. 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 274 Spyders applyed and layd vpon their owne bytings..doe heale and helpe those hurts. 1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ ix. 169 The same it will effect on the bitings or stingings of Snakes..and..on the bitings of mad Dogs. 3. biting in (cf. bite v. 11b). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > intaglio printing > [noun] > etching > corrosive agent > action of biting in1821 bite1875 1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing vii. 390 The corroding with the aquafortis is also called biting in. 1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 428 The biting-in of the plate is the most uncertain part of the process. Draft additions June 2022 Kenyan English. A bite-sized piece of food; a small snack, appetizer, or canapé. Cf. bite n. 7c. ΚΠ 1997 Women in Kenya (E. Afr. Women's League) 2 20/3 The reception was held at the Jockey Club, Ngong Racecourse. Here the guests were lavishly entertained with drinks and bitings. 2013 Daily Nation (Kenya) (Nexis) 24 Dec. Include snacks and water, especially if you are travelling a long distance. Carrying your own bitings..will..save you money. 2017 Sunday Nation (Kenya) (Nexis) 5 Feb. When I am looking for a meal rather than just a biting, I will try the fried eggs..with the bigger chorizo sausage and chips. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022). ˈbitingadj. Etymology: < bite v. + -ing suffix². 1. That bites (in the various senses of the vb.). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > biting > [adjective] bitinga1400 bitten1616 the world > space > shape > sharpness of edge or point > [adjective] sharpc825 bitel?c1200 keena1225 carving?c1225 fellc1330 trenchantc1330 snarpc1480 cuttinga1533 tart?a1534 undullc1540 steel-sharpa1560 teen1578 unrebated1579 unbated1604 biting1607 eager?1611 unblunted1656 shrewd1878 cutty1903 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > [adjective] > attached by something adhesive > apt or tending to adhere > by friction biting1865 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5954 Hungre flees, sare bitand. 1483 Cath. Angl. 33 Bytynge, mordens, mordax. 1607 S. Hieron Discouerie of Hypocrisie in Wks. (1620) I. 234 A sharpe axe, which hath a byting edge. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Fovre-footed Beastes 573 It hath very sharp teeth, and is a very biting beast. 1865 Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. xiii. 114 The bitingest and tightest screw in London. 2. a. That causes pain or smart; keen, pungent. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [adjective] > smarting or stinging smartingOE biting1340 stingingc1400 mordicant?a1425 pungitive?a1425 raw1590 pungent1598 stanging1602 stingyc1615 scorpiaca1670 verberous1688 shrewd1842 snapping1845 stounding1848 mordant1876 smartful1906 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 143 Þet zed o mostard is wel smal..hit is wel strang and wel bitinde. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Bytynge..as gynger or Peper. 1579 E. K. in Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Feb. 231 The byting frost nipt his stalke dead. 1801 R. Southey Thalaba II. x. 222 Louder grows the biting wind. 1843 Dickens Christmas Carol i. 5 It was cold, bleak, biting weather. b. In names of plants: Acrid, hot, pungent. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > [adjective] > having a particular taste unsavoury1548 biting1597 styptive1640 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 743 White Clematis, biting Peruinkle. 1861 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. II. 324 The Biting Stonecrop. 3. That wounds the mind or feelings; stinging, caustic; bitter, painful. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > bitterness of heart > [adjective] > bitter to the heart or mind bitter971 attery?c1225 bitingc1374 salt1513 bitterful?1526 wormwood1594 brinisha1617 c1374 Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. vii. 79 Of whiche children how bitynge is euery condicioun. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 105 Þei are..glosandist flaterars & bitandist bacbitars. 1611 B. Rich Honestie of Age (1844) 29 They will say wee are too bitter, too byting, too satiricall. a1616 Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) v. v. 167 To repay that money will be a biting affliction. View more context for this quotation 1711 Swift Lett. (1767) III. 187, I writ him lately a biting letter. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones I. i. xiii. 76 So biting a Calamity. View more context for this quotation 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. vii. 129 Full of the insolent and biting wit of their nation. 1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton xii. 171 Casting about for some biting epigram. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2016). < n.c1175adj.1340
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