sedimentn.

/ˈsɛdɪmənt/

Forms: Also 1500s sedyment (1600s sedement).

Etymology: < French sédiment (16th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < Latin sedimentum a settling, sinking down, < sedēre to sit, settle.

1. Matter composed of particles which fall by gravitation to the bottom of a liquid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being solid rather than fluid > [noun] > solid matter which falls to bottom of liquid

drega1300

groundsa1340

upon the lee1390

foundersc1450

residence1539

sediment1547

resident1558

precipitate1594

settling1594

precipitation1605

crassament1615

subsistence1622

subsidence1646

sedimen1655

crassamentum1657

deposit1781

sludge1839

ppt1864

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > sinking down > sinking or submerging in liquid > sinking of solid matter in liquid > that which

sediment1547

1547 R. Record Judic. Uryne 16 b Al thinges in the water, that be of another matter and substaunce particulerly, then is the urine, as the sedyment or grounde.

1659 H. More Immortality of Soul ii. ix. 212 The Spirits in the Ventricles of the Brain..will..come to a more course consistency, and settle into some such like moist Sediment as is found at the bottome of the Ventricles.

1682 N. Grew Disc. Essent. & Marine Salts in Anat. Plants iv. i. §5 262 After this white Sedement began to fall to the bottom; there was also gathered on the top, a kind of soft Scum.

1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 235 A prodigious Quantity of clear Water must be exhal'd, to get an Ounce of dry Sediments, either saline or earthly.

1743 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer (ed. 2) II. 133 But as to this taking Water out of a River, presently after a Flood..;..while such Water is making its Sediments..the Spirit of it dies.

1837 D. Brewster Treat. Magnetism 302 He poured it out carefully, without disturbing such of the iron sediment as still remained.

1857 E. L. Birkett Bird's Urinary Deposits (ed. 5) 189 All the sediments I have met with were amorphous.

2. spec. (in Geology etc.). Earthly or detrital matter deposited by aqueous agency.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > sediment or alluvium > [noun]

siltc1440

warpingc1440

slitch?a1475

sleech1587

alluvium1665

sediment1685

sullage1691

warp1698

wash1707

washing1707

alluvion1731

silting1739

warp land1794

alluvial1818

siltage1876

flood-loam1880

putty1883

1685 R. Boyle Short Mem. Hist. Mineral Waters 108 And whether the mud, or Sediment it [sc. Mineral Water] leaves, where it passes or stagnates,..have the same..Medicinal vertues.

1696 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth iv. 353 Our upper Earth is factitious, and compos'd of the..Sediment of the Waters of the Deluge.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 44 These beds are..placed over each other, like matters transported by the waters, and deposited in the form of sediment.

1823 W. Buckland Reliq. Diluvianæ 40 Had they been washed in by a succession of floods we should have had a succession of beds of sediment and stalactite.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xxvi. 372 The snow gradually wasted, but it left its sediment behind.

1865 A. Geikie Scenery & Geol. Scotl. v. 92 Ordinary marine sediment..sand, gravel, silt, and mud.

1881 A. C. Ramsay in Nature 1 Sept. 420/1 Cosmological geology..must go back to times far anterior to the date of the deposition, as common sediments, of the very oldest known metamorphic strata.

3. figurative.

ΚΠ

1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. 93 Those dregs of Uncharitableness, that (as the sediments of depraved nature) lurke in the hearts of the most charitable men.

1698 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. IV. 71 When the Sediment of his troubled Spirit was fall'n.

1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XV iv. 7 The ruby glass that shakes within his hand, Leaves a sad sediment of Time's worst sand.

1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. iv. 51 The last sediment of the human stew that had been boiling there all day, was straining off.

1903 J. C. Smith in R. Campbell Life 124 The late Bailie Colston, a man best known by the criminal sediment of Edinburgh.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations, as sediment-laden adj.

ΚΠ

1886 A. Winchell Walks & Talks in Geol. Field 51 Down its slopes descend the sediment-laden drainage-waters.

C2.

sediment-collector n. a contrivance for preventing the deposition of sediment in a boiler.

ΚΠ

1858 R. Murray Marine Engines (ed. 3) 234 Sediment collectors, or scale pans.

sediment ring n. Astronomy a ring of rock masses orbiting a planet, regarded as debris from the time of its formation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > [noun] > part of planet

terminator1661

belt1665

fascia1704

fibre1715

white spot1784

dayside1827

nightside1848

albedo1860

north pole1861

polar cap1863

core1882

regolith1897

tectonics1899

sediment ring1955

radiation belt1958

palaeo-radius1960

space needle1961

soil1967

1955 Sci. News Let. 22 Jan. 53/1 Dr. Kuiper said that the moon, as it sped away from the earth, plowed through a ‘sediment ring’, a swarm of small satellites moving around the earth.

1970 Sci. Jrnl. May 32/1 This theory has it that the Moon formed out of the coagulation of a ‘sediment-ring’ of planetismals which originally circled the Earth.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

sedimentv.

/ˈsɛdɪmənt/

Etymology: < sediment n.

1. transitive.

a. To deposit as sediment.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being solid rather than fluid > solid rather than fluid [verb (transitive)] > deposit (sediment)

precipitate1644

deposit1672

throw1731

depose1759

depositate1782

sediment1859

vacuum-deposit1982

1859 D. Page Handbk. Geol. Terms 326 Rocks..as shale, clay, sandstone, &c., are termed sedimentary; that is, sedimented from mechanical suspension in water.

1908 Chambers's Jrnl. May 396/1 Chemical precipitation was found essential to coagulate the suspended matter and thus enable the greater proportion of it to be sedimented in subsidence basins.

1976 Nature 19 Aug. 662/1 We then sedimented the eggs rapidly..in a hand centrifuge.

b. To cause to deposit sediment.

ΚΠ

1908 Practitioner Jan. 55 The urine should be sedimented and examined for gonococci.

2. intransitive.

a. To settle as sediment.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > sink > in liquid > sink as solid matter in liquid

reside1603

subside1634

sediment1927

1927 Brit. Jrnl. Exper. Path. 8 122 In a typical rough culture of enteritidis..the bacteria rapidly sediment to the bottom.

1961 Lancet 5 Aug. 322/1 The erythrocytes being allowed to sediment within the syringe.

1971 Nature 25 June 527/2 Each preparation sedimented in the analytical ultracentrifuge as a single component with a sedimentation coefficient..of about 9·5S.

b. Of a liquid: to deposit a sediment.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > be polluted [verb (intransitive)] > deposit sediment

sediment1934

1934 in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang.

1962 M. H. Luntz & R. Wright in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism 319 Blood was collected..in a mixture of 1% sodium ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid and 5% dextran..and allowed to sediment.

1978 Nature 10 Aug. 611/1 (caption) Heparinated blood was allowed to sediment at room temperature to separate red cells from plasma.

Derivatives

ˈsedimented adj. also figurative

ΚΠ

1901 Lancet 1 June 1533/1 Care will..have to be taken not to overlook the sedimented bacteria which may be lying at the bottom of the tube.

1977 D. L. Altheide in D. E. Johnson Existential Sociol. iv. 149 These tasks become taken for granted as sedimented knowledge for the members.

ˈsedimenting n. and adj.

ΚΠ

1901 Durham in Jrnl. Exper. Med. 15 Jan. 365 In an afternoon several hundred sedimenting preparations can be put up.

1962 H. Bloemendal et al. in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism 303 More rapidly sedimenting material is observed, but the shape of the corresponding boundary does not allow calculation of the sedimentation coefficient.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

单词	sediment
释义	sedimentn. /ˈsɛdɪmənt/ Forms: Also 1500s sedyment (1600s sedement). Etymology: < French sédiment (16th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < Latin sedimentum a settling, sinking down, < sedēre to sit, settle. 1. Matter composed of particles which fall by gravitation to the bottom of a liquid. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being solid rather than fluid > [noun] > solid matter which falls to bottom of liquid drega1300 groundsa1340 upon the lee1390 foundersc1450 residence1539 sediment1547 resident1558 precipitate1594 settling1594 precipitation1605 crassament1615 subsistence1622 subsidence1646 sedimen1655 crassamentum1657 deposit1781 sludge1839 ppt1864 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > sinking down > sinking or submerging in liquid > sinking of solid matter in liquid > that which sediment1547 1547 R. Record Judic. Uryne 16 b Al thinges in the water, that be of another matter and substaunce particulerly, then is the urine, as the sedyment or grounde. 1659 H. More Immortality of Soul ii. ix. 212 The Spirits in the Ventricles of the Brain..will..come to a more course consistency, and settle into some such like moist Sediment as is found at the bottome of the Ventricles. 1682 N. Grew Disc. Essent. & Marine Salts in Anat. Plants iv. i. §5 262 After this white Sedement began to fall to the bottom; there was also gathered on the top, a kind of soft Scum. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 235 A prodigious Quantity of clear Water must be exhal'd, to get an Ounce of dry Sediments, either saline or earthly. 1743 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer (ed. 2) II. 133 But as to this taking Water out of a River, presently after a Flood..;..while such Water is making its Sediments..the Spirit of it dies. 1837 D. Brewster Treat. Magnetism 302 He poured it out carefully, without disturbing such of the iron sediment as still remained. 1857 E. L. Birkett Bird's Urinary Deposits (ed. 5) 189 All the sediments I have met with were amorphous. 2. spec. (in Geology etc.). Earthly or detrital matter deposited by aqueous agency. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > sediment or alluvium > [noun] siltc1440 warpingc1440 slitch?a1475 sleech1587 alluvium1665 sediment1685 sullage1691 warp1698 wash1707 washing1707 alluvion1731 silting1739 warp land1794 alluvial1818 siltage1876 flood-loam1880 putty1883 1685 R. Boyle Short Mem. Hist. Mineral Waters 108 And whether the mud, or Sediment it [sc. Mineral Water] leaves, where it passes or stagnates,..have the same..Medicinal vertues. 1696 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth iv. 353 Our upper Earth is factitious, and compos'd of the..Sediment of the Waters of the Deluge. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 44 These beds are..placed over each other, like matters transported by the waters, and deposited in the form of sediment. 1823 W. Buckland Reliq. Diluvianæ 40 Had they been washed in by a succession of floods we should have had a succession of beds of sediment and stalactite. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xxvi. 372 The snow gradually wasted, but it left its sediment behind. 1865 A. Geikie Scenery & Geol. Scotl. v. 92 Ordinary marine sediment..sand, gravel, silt, and mud. 1881 A. C. Ramsay in Nature 1 Sept. 420/1 Cosmological geology..must go back to times far anterior to the date of the deposition, as common sediments, of the very oldest known metamorphic strata. 3. figurative. ΚΠ 1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. 93 Those dregs of Uncharitableness, that (as the sediments of depraved nature) lurke in the hearts of the most charitable men. 1698 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. IV. 71 When the Sediment of his troubled Spirit was fall'n. 1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XV iv. 7 The ruby glass that shakes within his hand, Leaves a sad sediment of Time's worst sand. 1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. iv. 51 The last sediment of the human stew that had been boiling there all day, was straining off. 1903 J. C. Smith in R. Campbell Life 124 The late Bailie Colston, a man best known by the criminal sediment of Edinburgh. Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations, as sediment-laden adj. ΚΠ 1886 A. Winchell Walks & Talks in Geol. Field 51 Down its slopes descend the sediment-laden drainage-waters. C2. sediment-collector n. a contrivance for preventing the deposition of sediment in a boiler. ΚΠ 1858 R. Murray Marine Engines (ed. 3) 234 Sediment collectors, or scale pans. sediment ring n. Astronomy a ring of rock masses orbiting a planet, regarded as debris from the time of its formation. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > [noun] > part of planet terminator1661 belt1665 fascia1704 fibre1715 white spot1784 dayside1827 nightside1848 albedo1860 north pole1861 polar cap1863 core1882 regolith1897 tectonics1899 sediment ring1955 radiation belt1958 palaeo-radius1960 space needle1961 soil1967 1955 Sci. News Let. 22 Jan. 53/1 Dr. Kuiper said that the moon, as it sped away from the earth, plowed through a ‘sediment ring’, a swarm of small satellites moving around the earth. 1970 Sci. Jrnl. May 32/1 This theory has it that the Moon formed out of the coagulation of a ‘sediment-ring’ of planetismals which originally circled the Earth. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2021). sedimentv. /ˈsɛdɪmənt/ Etymology: < sediment n. 1. transitive. a. To deposit as sediment. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being solid rather than fluid > solid rather than fluid [verb (transitive)] > deposit (sediment) precipitate1644 deposit1672 throw1731 depose1759 depositate1782 sediment1859 vacuum-deposit1982 1859 D. Page Handbk. Geol. Terms 326 Rocks..as shale, clay, sandstone, &c., are termed sedimentary; that is, sedimented from mechanical suspension in water. 1908 Chambers's Jrnl. May 396/1 Chemical precipitation was found essential to coagulate the suspended matter and thus enable the greater proportion of it to be sedimented in subsidence basins. 1976 Nature 19 Aug. 662/1 We then sedimented the eggs rapidly..in a hand centrifuge. b. To cause to deposit sediment. ΚΠ 1908 Practitioner Jan. 55 The urine should be sedimented and examined for gonococci. 2. intransitive. a. To settle as sediment. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > sink > in liquid > sink as solid matter in liquid reside1603 subside1634 sediment1927 1927 Brit. Jrnl. Exper. Path. 8 122 In a typical rough culture of enteritidis..the bacteria rapidly sediment to the bottom. 1961 Lancet 5 Aug. 322/1 The erythrocytes being allowed to sediment within the syringe. 1971 Nature 25 June 527/2 Each preparation sedimented in the analytical ultracentrifuge as a single component with a sedimentation coefficient..of about 9·5S. b. Of a liquid: to deposit a sediment. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > be polluted [verb (intransitive)] > deposit sediment sediment1934 1934 in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. 1962 M. H. Luntz & R. Wright in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism 319 Blood was collected..in a mixture of 1% sodium ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid and 5% dextran..and allowed to sediment. 1978 Nature 10 Aug. 611/1 (caption) Heparinated blood was allowed to sediment at room temperature to separate red cells from plasma. Derivatives ˈsedimented adj. also figurative ΚΠ 1901 Lancet 1 June 1533/1 Care will..have to be taken not to overlook the sedimented bacteria which may be lying at the bottom of the tube. 1977 D. L. Altheide in D. E. Johnson Existential Sociol. iv. 149 These tasks become taken for granted as sedimented knowledge for the members. ˈsedimenting n. and adj. ΚΠ 1901 Durham in Jrnl. Exper. Med. 15 Jan. 365 In an afternoon several hundred sedimenting preparations can be put up. 1962 H. Bloemendal et al. in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism 303 More rapidly sedimenting material is observed, but the shape of the corresponding boundary does not allow calculation of the sedimentation coefficient. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < n.1547v.1859
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