单词 | scruff |
释义 | scruffn.1 a. A scabby or scaly condition of the skin; = scurf n.1 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > scurfy or scabby state or disease scurfc1000 scabc1250 scallc1374 lepraa1398 morphoeaa1398 scalledness1398 morphewa1400 scabiesc1400 scale14.. scruff14.. shellsc1400 rove?c1450 scabnessc1450 scabbedness1483 scaldness1527 scurfinessa1529 scaledness1530 dandruff1545 skalfering1561 bran1574 room1578 reefa1585 scabbiness1584 scald1598 skilfers1599 scabiosity1608 scalliness1610 scaliness1611 furfur1621 morph1681 pityriasis1684 psoriasis1684 porrigo1706 scaly tetter1799 motley dandruff1822 scale-skin1822 parapsoriasis1903 dander- c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 316 Wið scruf, & wið sceb.] 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 626 Glabra, scrofe or scalle. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > scurfy or scabby state or disease > scale or scab scabc1250 scale14.. scurf1540 incrustation1656 slurf1674 scruff1710 squama1876 squame1911 1710 London Gaz. No. 4716/4 Stoln.., a black Gelding.., with a large Wart or Scruff over his near Eye. 2. = scurf n.1 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > layer of skin > [noun] > specific layers > detached scale > collective scruff1526 scurf1540 1526 Grete Herball clviii. sig. Kijv/2 Agaynst the scruffe of the heed and habundaunce of lyce. 1678 T. Hobbes Decameron Physiologicum x. 124 Jumbling them together make them rub off their scruf from one another. 1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxvii. 339 Where there was a copious detachment of scruf. 3. A thin crust or coating. Cf. scurf n.1 4. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > [noun] > a coat or covering layer > a crust or incrustation rove1510 crust?1529 scurfa1555 scruff1591 bark1601 crustiness1608 overcrusting1670 incrustation1671 illinition1794 encrustment1845 1591 R. Bruce Serm. Edinb. sig. T2v The outwarde scroofe, suppose it appeareth to be whole where the inward is festered auaileth nothing, bot maketh it to vndercoate again. 1695 Sc. Acts Will. III (1822) IX. 452/2 Pulling up..Bent Juniper and broom bushes which did loose and break the surface and scrooffe of the saids hills. 4. a. Applied to what is worthless or contemptible; refuse, litter; †spec. base money; also used (like ‘dross’, ‘muck’) as a contemptuous term for money. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > [noun] silverc825 feec870 pennieseOE wortheOE mintOE scata1122 spense?c1225 spendinga1290 sumc1300 gooda1325 moneya1325 cattlec1330 muckc1330 reasona1382 pecunyc1400 gilt1497 argentc1500 gelta1529 Mammon1539 ale silver1541 scruff1559 the sinews of war1560 sterling1565 lour1567 will-do-all1583 shell1591 trasha1592 quinyie1596 brass1597 pecuniary1604 dust1607 nomisma1614 countera1616 cross and pilea1625 gingerbreada1625 rhinoa1628 cash1646 grig1657 spanker1663 cole1673 goree1699 mopus1699 quid1699 ribbin1699 bustle1763 necessary1772 stuff1775 needfula1777 iron1785 (the) Spanish1788 pecuniar1793 kelter1807 dibs1812 steven1812 pewter1814 brad1819 pogue1819 rent1823 stumpy1828 posh1830 L. S. D.1835 rivetc1835 tin1836 mint sauce1839 nobbins1846 ochre1846 dingbat1848 dough1848 cheese1850 California1851 mali1851 ducat1853 pay dirt1853 boodle?1856 dinero1856 scad1856 the shiny1856 spondulicks1857 rust1858 soap1860 sugar1862 coin1874 filthy1876 wampum1876 ooftish1877 shekel1883 oil1885 oof1885 mon1888 Jack1890 sploshc1890 bees and honey1892 spending-brass1896 stiff1897 mazuma1900 mazoom1901 cabbage1903 lettuce1903 Oscar Asche1905 jingle1906 doubloons1908 kale1912 scratch1914 green1917 oscar1917 snow1925 poke1926 oodle1930 potatos1931 bread1935 moolah1936 acker1939 moo1941 lolly1943 loot1943 poppy1943 mazoola1944 dosh1953 bickies1966 lovely jubbly1990 scrilla1994 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] wrakea1350 outcastingc1350 rammel1370 rubble1376 mullockc1390 refusec1390 filtha1398 outcasta1398 chaff?a1400 rubbishc1400 wastec1430 drossc1440 raff?1440 rascal1440 murgeonc1450 wrack1472 gear1489 garblec1503 scowl1538 raffle1543 baggage1549 garbage1549 peltry1550 gubbins?1553 lastage1553 scruff1559 retraict1575 ross1577 riddings1584 ket1586 scouring1588 pelf1589 offal1598 rummage1598 dog's meat1606 retriment1615 spitling1620 recrement1622 mundungus1637 sordes1640 muskings1649 rejectament1654 offscouring1655 brat1656 relicts1687 offage1727 litter1730 rejectamenta1795 outwale1825 detritus1834 junk1836 wastements1843 croke1847–78 sculch1847 debris1851 rumble1854 flotsam1861 jetsam1861 pelt1880 offcasting1893 rubbishry1894 littering1897 muckings1898 wastage1898 dreck1905 bruck1929 crap1934 garbo1953 clobber1965 dooky1965 grot1971 tippings- society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > false coin > [noun] scruff1559 countera1616 smash1795 shan1815 queer1819 sheen1839 bogus1842 1559 in J. Knox Hist. Reformation in Wks. (1846) I. 403 They spair not planelie to brek doun and convert the guid and stark money..into this thair corruptit skruiff and baggage of Hard-heidis and Non Suntis. c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) i. 65 Thai brocht þair bastardis, wt þe skrufe thai skraip To blande þair blude wt barrownis be ambitioun. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Scruff, is a kinde of fuel, which poor people..gather up at ebbing water, in the bottom of the Thames about London, and consists of Coal, little sticks of Wood, Cockle-shells, and the like. 1768 Woman of Honor II. 103 The..dirty current..carrying away with it the little trifling straw, scruff, and bubbles on its surface. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > [noun] > large member of (whale) > parts of > other parts of spouter1622 scruff1673 1673 Cal. Treas. Bks. (1909) IV. 404 As to the importation of whale fins, commonly called scruffe, which you conceive ought to pay as whalebone, you are to state a case. c. A scruffy person, an oaf, a layabout; a contemptible or inferior person, someone of no breeding. Also collective, scum, riff-raff. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > persons of the lowest class (collectively) chenaille1340 offal?a1425 putaylea1425 ribaldail1489 abject1526 offscouring1526 dreg1531 outsweeping1535 braggery1548 ribaldry1550 raff1557 sink1574 cattle1579 offscum1579 rabble1579 baggagery1589 scum1590 waste1592 menialty1593 baggage1603 froth1603 refuse1603 tag-rag1609 retriment1615 trasha1616 recrement1622 silts1636 garbage1648 riffle-raffle1668 raffle1670 riff-raff1678 scurf1688 mob1693 scouring1721 ribble-rabble1771 sweeping1799 clamjamphrie1816 ragabash1823 scruff1836 residuum1851 talent1882 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > low or vulgar person > [noun] gadlinga1300 geggea1300 churlc1300 filec1300 jot1362 scoutc1380 beggara1400 carla1400 turnbroach14.. villainc1400 gnoffc1405 fellowc1425 cavelc1430 haskardc1487 hastardc1489 foumart1508 strummel?a1513 knapper1513 hogshead?1518 jockeya1529 dreng1535 sneakbill1546 Jack1548 rag1566 scald1575 huddle and twang1578 sneaksby1580 companion1581 lowling1581 besognier1584 patchcock1596 grill1597 sneaksbill1602 scum1607 turnspit1607 cocoloch1610 compeer1612 dust-worm1621 besonioa1625 world-worma1625 besognea1652 gippo1651 Jacky1653 mechanic1699 fustya1732 grub-worm1752 raff1778 person1782 rough scuff1816 spalpeen1817 bum1825 sculpin1834 soap-lock1840 tinka1843 'Arry1874 scruff1896 scruffo1959 1836 W. Carleton Traits & Stories Irish Peasantry (new ed.) II. 342 Oh, you scruff of the earth! 1896 G. F. Northall Warwickshire Word-bk. 203 Scruff, a wastrel, raffish rogue. 1905 Eng. Dial. Dict. V. 290/1 The village is well enough but for the scruff that comes in. 1958 People 4 May 12/4 ‘A nice class of fellow, too,’ he said. ‘Not one of the scruff.’ 1960 D. Storey This Sporting Life i. v. 116 Every scruff in town's crept in. I don't like it. 1968 J. Lock Lady Policeman iii. 22 The ‘scruff’ might merely be an arty or beat type being deliberately scruffy and the very young face might belong to a grown woman. 1973 ‘H. Carmichael’ Too Late for Tears x. 121 Nature gives some of us the wrong heredity... So you're a scruff and John Piper's a gentleman. 1977 Listener 20 Jan. 72/2 Writing books or theatre plays is the only proper pursuit for a literary lady or gent, and..people who write for the new forms are money-grubbing scruffs who have sold their souls to the ghastly mass media. Compounds scruff-stone n. ? rubble. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > small or undressed stones for filling in pinning1534 rubble1542 rubble work1675 rubble stone1833 hearting1837 spalled rubble1839 hardcore1842 scruff-stone1869 moellon1875 1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. ii. 8 Old Cop..had jammed the double gates in under the scruff-stone archway. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022). scruffn.2 The nape of the neck. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > neck > [noun] > back of neck napea1325 hattrelc1330 nolla1382 skull1382 polla1398 nape of the neck (also head)1440 noddle1547 niddick1558 nuke1562 nuque1578 nub1673 nod1695 cuff of the neck1740 nucha1768 scuff1787 scruff1790 scroop1850 kitchen1964 1790 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2) Scruff, the nape of the neck. North. 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple II. x. 165 He would have fallen overboard, if I hadn't caught him by the scruff of the neck. 1892 J. K. Jerome in Idler June 498 We adopted a more pressing method, and coaxed the dog out by the scruff of his neck. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022). scruffv.1 1. a. transitive. To touch slightly, graze (see Jamieson and Eng. Dial. Dict.); also figurative to treat superficially, slur over. Originally Scottish and northern.Examples in Scottish use with various spellings (as screef, scrief, scriff, etc.) may be found in S.N.D. at scruif, n., v. ΚΠ 1658 [see scruffer n. at Derivatives]. 1707 Minutes Ayr Presbytery (MS.) He doth often change his text, and doth not raise many heads and doth not prosecute such as he names, but scruffs them. 1713 Humble Pleadings for Good Old-way 92 Many scandalous practises of Presbyterian ministers in some places, tho flagrant and notour, little heeded, and, when complained of, scruiffed over with private accomodations. 1720 E. Erskine Wks. (1871) I. 91 Many there are who scruff over the duty in a superficial manner. 1862 St. Andrews Gaz. 3 Oct. 3/3 The boy was sleeping on the cart and fell down, and..his head was a little ‘scruffed’ on the wheel. 1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. 118/2 One will be told to get a besom and scruff the snow off the doorstone. 1896 P. A. Graham Red Scaur 347 I felt it scruff his chafts. 1920 C. Sandburg Smoke & Steel 25 Wearing leather shoes scruffed with fire. b. in Golf, to graze (the turf) when striking the ball. Also absol. or intransitive. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > play golf [verb (transitive)] > scrape the ground scruff1857 sclaff1896 1857 H. B. Farnie Golfer's Man. (1947) 74 Scruff, slightly razing the grass in striking. 1926 Amer. Speech 1 633/1 Scruff, to graze the grass with the club in striking. c. in Painting, to stroke (oil colour) lightly over a rough surface. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > art of colouring > colour [verb (transitive)] > lay on a colour > on rough surface scruff1970 1950 [see scruffing n. at Derivatives]. 1970 Oxf. Compan. Art 1055/1 A scumble must..be applied irregularly—dragged or scruffed—in such a way that small areas of the under colour show through. 2. [As a back-formation < scruffy adj.] to scruff oneself up: to make oneself scruffy. ΚΠ 1970 G. Lord Marshmallow Pie ii. 19 Scruff yourself up a bit over the weekend. You know, sweat a bit and that. 1970 Guardian 6 Apr. 9/4 The hardest thing..was to make those girls look really scruffy... You don't look like a plumber's wife, we kept saying... She didn't scruff herself up enough..for what the part demanded. Derivatives ˈscruffer n. ΚΠ 1658 in J. Campbell Balmerino (1899) 410 Calling him [sc. the minister] a betrayer of sowles, a scruffer of Scriptures. ˈscruffing n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > art of colouring > [noun] > laying on of colour > on rough surface scruffing1950 1950 Chambers's Encycl. X. 310/2 The ‘scruffing’ trick: the brush laden with dry (light) paint is rapidly dragged over a darker tone. 1961 M. Levy Studio Dict. Art Terms 100 Scruffing, an application of paint which skims the surface of a painting area, but does not take in the depressions of the panel or canvas texture. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022). scruffv.2 a. transitive. To seize (a person) by the nape of the neck. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > hold or holding > hold [verb (transitive)] > lay hold of or grasp > by specific part of body scruff1885 leg1915 1885 H. Finch-Hatton Advance Australia! 100 I once had a narrow escape of being ‘scruffed’ by an alligator. b. To seize and hold (a calf) while it is being branded or castrated. Australian. ΚΠ 1881 A. C. Grant Bush-life in Queensland I. xvi. 228 The smaller calves are scruffed. 1909 Chambers's Jrnl. Dec. 810/2 After the calves are separated from their mothers..the former are one by one ‘scruffed’—that is, seized by a couple of men and held down while knife and branding-iron are applied. 1931 F. D. Davison Man-shy (1934) v. 71 It was the red heifer's turn... ‘Get the ropes. She's too big to scruff,’ he said. c. To push roughly; manhandle. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push or pull about roughly to-push13.. manhandlea1470 tussle?a1500 touse1509 rouzle1582 touslea1585 turmoil1588 jostle1602 grabble1684 swig1684 shovel1816 tousle1816 to push (someone) around1900 scruff1926 1926 J. Black You can't Win ix. 121 After they got done scruffing me around, two of them took me by each arm. 1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 64 Scruff, to, to attack, manhandle a person. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.114..n.21790v.11658v.21881 |
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