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单词 scruff
释义

scruffn.1

Brit. /skrʌf/, U.S. /skrəf/
Forms: Old English, 1600s–1800s scruf, Middle English scrofe, 1500s scruffe, Scottish skrufe, skruif(e, skruiff, scruef, 1500s–1700s scroof, 1600s scroofe, scrooffe, 1600s– scruff.
Etymology: Metathetic variant of scurf n.1
1.
a. A scabby or scaly condition of the skin; = scurf n.1 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > scurfy or scabby state or disease
scurfc1000
scabc1250
scallc1374
lepraa1398
morphoeaa1398
scalledness1398
morphewa1400
scabiesc1400
scale14..
scruff14..
shellsc1400
rove?c1450
scabnessc1450
scabbedness1483
scaldness1527
scurfinessa1529
scaledness1530
dandruff1545
skalfering1561
bran1574
room1578
reefa1585
scabbiness1584
scald1598
skilfers1599
scabiosity1608
scalliness1610
scaliness1611
furfur1621
morph1681
pityriasis1684
psoriasis1684
porrigo1706
scaly tetter1799
motley dandruff1822
scale-skin1822
parapsoriasis1903
dander-
c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 316 Wið scruf, & wið sceb.]
14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 626 Glabra, scrofe or scalle.
b. A scab. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > scurfy or scabby state or disease > scale or scab
scabc1250
scale14..
scurf1540
incrustation1656
slurf1674
scruff1710
squama1876
squame1911
1710 London Gaz. No. 4716/4 Stoln.., a black Gelding.., with a large Wart or Scruff over his near Eye.
2. = scurf n.1 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > layer of skin > [noun] > specific layers > detached scale > collective
scruff1526
scurf1540
1526 Grete Herball clviii. sig. Kijv/2 Agaynst the scruffe of the heed and habundaunce of lyce.
1678 T. Hobbes Decameron Physiologicum x. 124 Jumbling them together make them rub off their scruf from one another.
1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxvii. 339 Where there was a copious detachment of scruf.
3. A thin crust or coating. Cf. scurf n.1 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > [noun] > a coat or covering layer > a crust or incrustation
rove1510
crust?1529
scurfa1555
scruff1591
bark1601
crustiness1608
overcrusting1670
incrustation1671
illinition1794
encrustment1845
1591 R. Bruce Serm. Edinb. sig. T2v The outwarde scroofe, suppose it appeareth to be whole where the inward is festered auaileth nothing, bot maketh it to vndercoate again.
1695 Sc. Acts Will. III (1822) IX. 452/2 Pulling up..Bent Juniper and broom bushes which did loose and break the surface and scrooffe of the saids hills.
4.
a. Applied to what is worthless or contemptible; refuse, litter; †spec. base money; also used (like ‘dross’, ‘muck’) as a contemptuous term for money.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > [noun]
silverc825
feec870
pennieseOE
wortheOE
mintOE
scata1122
spense?c1225
spendinga1290
sumc1300
gooda1325
moneya1325
cattlec1330
muckc1330
reasona1382
pecunyc1400
gilt1497
argentc1500
gelta1529
Mammon1539
ale silver1541
scruff1559
the sinews of war1560
sterling1565
lour1567
will-do-all1583
shell1591
trasha1592
quinyie1596
brass1597
pecuniary1604
dust1607
nomisma1614
countera1616
cross and pilea1625
gingerbreada1625
rhinoa1628
cash1646
grig1657
spanker1663
cole1673
goree1699
mopus1699
quid1699
ribbin1699
bustle1763
necessary1772
stuff1775
needfula1777
iron1785
(the) Spanish1788
pecuniar1793
kelter1807
dibs1812
steven1812
pewter1814
brad1819
pogue1819
rent1823
stumpy1828
posh1830
L. S. D.1835
rivetc1835
tin1836
mint sauce1839
nobbins1846
ochre1846
dingbat1848
dough1848
cheese1850
California1851
mali1851
ducat1853
pay dirt1853
boodle?1856
dinero1856
scad1856
the shiny1856
spondulicks1857
rust1858
soap1860
sugar1862
coin1874
filthy1876
wampum1876
ooftish1877
shekel1883
oil1885
oof1885
mon1888
Jack1890
sploshc1890
bees and honey1892
spending-brass1896
stiff1897
mazuma1900
mazoom1901
cabbage1903
lettuce1903
Oscar Asche1905
jingle1906
doubloons1908
kale1912
scratch1914
green1917
oscar1917
snow1925
poke1926
oodle1930
potatos1931
bread1935
moolah1936
acker1939
moo1941
lolly1943
loot1943
poppy1943
mazoola1944
dosh1953
bickies1966
lovely jubbly1990
scrilla1994
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun]
wrakea1350
outcastingc1350
rammel1370
rubble1376
mullockc1390
refusec1390
filtha1398
outcasta1398
chaff?a1400
rubbishc1400
wastec1430
drossc1440
raff?1440
rascal1440
murgeonc1450
wrack1472
gear1489
garblec1503
scowl1538
raffle1543
baggage1549
garbage1549
peltry1550
gubbins?1553
lastage1553
scruff1559
retraict1575
ross1577
riddings1584
ket1586
scouring1588
pelf1589
offal1598
rummage1598
dog's meat1606
retriment1615
spitling1620
recrement1622
mundungus1637
sordes1640
muskings1649
rejectament1654
offscouring1655
brat1656
relicts1687
offage1727
litter1730
rejectamenta1795
outwale1825
detritus1834
junk1836
wastements1843
croke1847–78
sculch1847
debris1851
rumble1854
flotsam1861
jetsam1861
pelt1880
offcasting1893
rubbishry1894
littering1897
muckings1898
wastage1898
dreck1905
bruck1929
crap1934
garbo1953
clobber1965
dooky1965
grot1971
tippings-
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > false coin > [noun]
scruff1559
countera1616
smash1795
shan1815
queer1819
sheen1839
bogus1842
1559 in J. Knox Hist. Reformation in Wks. (1846) I. 403 They spair not planelie to brek doun and convert the guid and stark money..into this thair corruptit skruiff and baggage of Hard-heidis and Non Suntis.
c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) i. 65 Thai brocht þair bastardis, wt þe skrufe thai skraip To blande þair blude wt barrownis be ambitioun.
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Scruff, is a kinde of fuel, which poor people..gather up at ebbing water, in the bottom of the Thames about London, and consists of Coal, little sticks of Wood, Cockle-shells, and the like.
1768 Woman of Honor II. 103 The..dirty current..carrying away with it the little trifling straw, scruff, and bubbles on its surface.
b. (See quot. 1673) Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > [noun] > large member of (whale) > parts of > other parts of
spouter1622
scruff1673
1673 Cal. Treas. Bks. (1909) IV. 404 As to the importation of whale fins, commonly called scruffe, which you conceive ought to pay as whalebone, you are to state a case.
c. A scruffy person, an oaf, a layabout; a contemptible or inferior person, someone of no breeding. Also collective, scum, riff-raff.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > persons of the lowest class (collectively)
chenaille1340
offal?a1425
putaylea1425
ribaldail1489
abject1526
offscouring1526
dreg1531
outsweeping1535
braggery1548
ribaldry1550
raff1557
sink1574
cattle1579
offscum1579
rabble1579
baggagery1589
scum1590
waste1592
menialty1593
baggage1603
froth1603
refuse1603
tag-rag1609
retriment1615
trasha1616
recrement1622
silts1636
garbage1648
riffle-raffle1668
raffle1670
riff-raff1678
scurf1688
mob1693
scouring1721
ribble-rabble1771
sweeping1799
clamjamphrie1816
ragabash1823
scruff1836
residuum1851
talent1882
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > low or vulgar person > [noun]
gadlinga1300
geggea1300
churlc1300
filec1300
jot1362
scoutc1380
beggara1400
carla1400
turnbroach14..
villainc1400
gnoffc1405
fellowc1425
cavelc1430
haskardc1487
hastardc1489
foumart1508
strummel?a1513
knapper1513
hogshead?1518
jockeya1529
dreng1535
sneakbill1546
Jack1548
rag1566
scald1575
huddle and twang1578
sneaksby1580
companion1581
lowling1581
besognier1584
patchcock1596
grill1597
sneaksbill1602
scum1607
turnspit1607
cocoloch1610
compeer1612
dust-worm1621
besonioa1625
world-worma1625
besognea1652
gippo1651
Jacky1653
mechanic1699
fustya1732
grub-worm1752
raff1778
person1782
rough scuff1816
spalpeen1817
bum1825
sculpin1834
soap-lock1840
tinka1843
'Arry1874
scruff1896
scruffo1959
1836 W. Carleton Traits & Stories Irish Peasantry (new ed.) II. 342 Oh, you scruff of the earth!
1896 G. F. Northall Warwickshire Word-bk. 203 Scruff, a wastrel, raffish rogue.
1905 Eng. Dial. Dict. V. 290/1 The village is well enough but for the scruff that comes in.
1958 People 4 May 12/4 ‘A nice class of fellow, too,’ he said. ‘Not one of the scruff.’
1960 D. Storey This Sporting Life i. v. 116 Every scruff in town's crept in. I don't like it.
1968 J. Lock Lady Policeman iii. 22 The ‘scruff’ might merely be an arty or beat type being deliberately scruffy and the very young face might belong to a grown woman.
1973 ‘H. Carmichael’ Too Late for Tears x. 121 Nature gives some of us the wrong heredity... So you're a scruff and John Piper's a gentleman.
1977 Listener 20 Jan. 72/2 Writing books or theatre plays is the only proper pursuit for a literary lady or gent, and..people who write for the new forms are money-grubbing scruffs who have sold their souls to the ghastly mass media.

Compounds

scruff-stone n. ? rubble.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > small or undressed stones for filling in
pinning1534
rubble1542
rubble work1675
rubble stone1833
hearting1837
spalled rubble1839
hardcore1842
scruff-stone1869
moellon1875
1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. ii. 8 Old Cop..had jammed the double gates in under the scruff-stone archway.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

scruffn.2

Brit. /skrʌf/, U.S. /skrəf/
Forms: Also dialect scruft.
Etymology: Corrupt form of scuff n.2, assimilated to scruff n.1
The nape of the neck.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > neck > [noun] > back of neck
napea1325
hattrelc1330
nolla1382
skull1382
polla1398
nape of the neck (also head)1440
noddle1547
niddick1558
nuke1562
nuque1578
nub1673
nod1695
cuff of the neck1740
nucha1768
scuff1787
scruff1790
scroop1850
kitchen1964
1790 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2) Scruff, the nape of the neck. North.
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple II. x. 165 He would have fallen overboard, if I hadn't caught him by the scruff of the neck.
1892 J. K. Jerome in Idler June 498 We adopted a more pressing method, and coaxed the dog out by the scruff of his neck.
in extended use.1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone II. i. 7 ‘John Fry, you big villain!’ I cried, with John hanging up in the air by the scruff of his neck-cloth.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

scruffv.1

Brit. /skrʌf/, U.S. /skrəf/
Forms: Also 1700s scruiff.
Etymology: < scruff n.1
1.
a. transitive. To touch slightly, graze (see Jamieson and Eng. Dial. Dict.); also figurative to treat superficially, slur over. Originally Scottish and northern.Examples in Scottish use with various spellings (as screef, scrief, scriff, etc.) may be found in S.N.D. at scruif, n., v.
ΚΠ
1658 [see scruffer n. at Derivatives].
1707 Minutes Ayr Presbytery (MS.) He doth often change his text, and doth not raise many heads and doth not prosecute such as he names, but scruffs them.
1713 Humble Pleadings for Good Old-way 92 Many scandalous practises of Presbyterian ministers in some places, tho flagrant and notour, little heeded, and, when complained of, scruiffed over with private accomodations.
1720 E. Erskine Wks. (1871) I. 91 Many there are who scruff over the duty in a superficial manner.
1862 St. Andrews Gaz. 3 Oct. 3/3 The boy was sleeping on the cart and fell down, and..his head was a little ‘scruffed’ on the wheel.
1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. 118/2 One will be told to get a besom and scruff the snow off the doorstone.
1896 P. A. Graham Red Scaur 347 I felt it scruff his chafts.
1920 C. Sandburg Smoke & Steel 25 Wearing leather shoes scruffed with fire.
b. in Golf, to graze (the turf) when striking the ball. Also absol. or intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > play golf [verb (transitive)] > scrape the ground
scruff1857
sclaff1896
1857 H. B. Farnie Golfer's Man. (1947) 74 Scruff, slightly razing the grass in striking.
1926 Amer. Speech 1 633/1 Scruff, to graze the grass with the club in striking.
c. in Painting, to stroke (oil colour) lightly over a rough surface.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > art of colouring > colour [verb (transitive)] > lay on a colour > on rough surface
scruff1970
1950 [see scruffing n. at Derivatives].
1970 Oxf. Compan. Art 1055/1 A scumble must..be applied irregularly—dragged or scruffed—in such a way that small areas of the under colour show through.
2. [As a back-formation < scruffy adj.] to scruff oneself up: to make oneself scruffy.
ΚΠ
1970 G. Lord Marshmallow Pie ii. 19 Scruff yourself up a bit over the weekend. You know, sweat a bit and that.
1970 Guardian 6 Apr. 9/4 The hardest thing..was to make those girls look really scruffy... You don't look like a plumber's wife, we kept saying... She didn't scruff herself up enough..for what the part demanded.

Derivatives

ˈscruffer n.
ΚΠ
1658 in J. Campbell Balmerino (1899) 410 Calling him [sc. the minister] a betrayer of sowles, a scruffer of Scriptures.
ˈscruffing n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > art of colouring > [noun] > laying on of colour > on rough surface
scruffing1950
1950 Chambers's Encycl. X. 310/2 The ‘scruffing’ trick: the brush laden with dry (light) paint is rapidly dragged over a darker tone.
1961 M. Levy Studio Dict. Art Terms 100 Scruffing, an application of paint which skims the surface of a painting area, but does not take in the depressions of the panel or canvas texture.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

scruffv.2

Brit. /skrʌf/, U.S. /skrəf/
Etymology: < scruff n.2
a. transitive. To seize (a person) by the nape of the neck.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > absence of movement > hold or holding > hold [verb (transitive)] > lay hold of or grasp > by specific part of body
scruff1885
leg1915
1885 H. Finch-Hatton Advance Australia! 100 I once had a narrow escape of being ‘scruffed’ by an alligator.
b. To seize and hold (a calf) while it is being branded or castrated. Australian.
ΚΠ
1881 A. C. Grant Bush-life in Queensland I. xvi. 228 The smaller calves are scruffed.
1909 Chambers's Jrnl. Dec. 810/2 After the calves are separated from their mothers..the former are one by one ‘scruffed’—that is, seized by a couple of men and held down while knife and branding-iron are applied.
1931 F. D. Davison Man-shy (1934) v. 71 It was the red heifer's turn... ‘Get the ropes. She's too big to scruff,’ he said.
c. To push roughly; manhandle. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push or pull about roughly
to-push13..
manhandlea1470
tussle?a1500
touse1509
rouzle1582
touslea1585
turmoil1588
jostle1602
grabble1684
swig1684
shovel1816
tousle1816
to push (someone) around1900
scruff1926
1926 J. Black You can't Win ix. 121 After they got done scruffing me around, two of them took me by each arm.
1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 64 Scruff, to, to attack, manhandle a person.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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