secludev.

/sɪˈkluːd/

Forms: Also 1500s secluid.

Etymology: < Latin sēclūdĕre, < sē- (see se- prefix) + claudĕre to shut. Compare Old French seclorre. Now almost restricted to sense 2, which is close to the primary etymological meaning, though narrower than the use of secludere in Latin. Formerly often used loosely as a synonym of exclude : see 3, 4, 5 below.

†1. transitive. To shut off, obstruct the access to (a thing). Const. from. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > shut up (a place)

steeka1250

shut1340

to shut in1390

spear1445

seclude1451

to shut up1530

mure1550

block1630

lock1773

to lock up1824

seal1931

to sew up1962

to lock down1980

1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert 127 The last two dayes was his drynk secluded fro him, so closed wer his pipes.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. lxxxvii The sure nutriment of their liuyng was from them secluded.

†a. To shut up apart, to enclose or confine so as to prevent access or influence from without. Const. from. Also, to enclose or confine (a material thing) in a separate place. Obsolete (merged in 2b.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > enclose or confine [verb (transitive)]

pena1200

bebar?c1225

loukc1275

beshuta1300

parc1300

to shut in1398

to close inc1400

parrockc1400

pinc1400

steekc1400

lock?a1425

includec1425

key?a1439

spare?c1450

enferme1481

terminea1500

bebay1511

imprisona1533

besetc1534

hema1552

ram1567

warda1586

closet1589

pound1589

seclude1598

confine1600

i-pend1600

uptie1600

pinfold1605

boundify1606

incoop1608

to round in1609

ring1613

to buckle ina1616

embounda1616

swathe1624

hain1636

coopa1660

to sheathe up1661

stivea1722

cloister1723

span1844

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > seclude [verb (transitive)] > confine

cloister1581

seclude1598

confine1634

maroon1904

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > confine [verb (transitive)]

beloukOE

loukOE

sparc1175

pena1200

bepen?c1225

pind?c1225

prison?c1225

spearc1300

stopc1315

restraina1325

aclosec1350

forbara1375

reclosea1382

ward1390

enclose1393

locka1400

reclusea1400

pinc1400

sparc1430

hamperc1440

umbecastc1440

murea1450

penda1450

mew?c1450

to shut inc1460

encharter1484

to shut up1490

bara1500

hedge1549

hema1552

impound1562

strain1566

chamber1568

to lock up1568

coop1570

incarcerate1575

cage1577

mew1581

kennel1582

coop1583

encagea1586

pound1589

imprisonc1595

encloister1596

button1598

immure1598

seclude1598

uplock1600

stow1602

confine1603

jail1604

hearse1608

bail1609

hasp1620

cub1621

secure1621

incarcera1653

fasten1658

to keep up1673

nun1753

mope1765

quarantine1804

peg1824

penfold1851

encoop1867

oubliette1884

jigger1887

corral1890

maroon1904

to bang up1950

to lock down1971

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 32 b/2 To drawe therout all humors which are therin secluded.

1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 23/1 Take also a Peacock, seclud him in the decreasing of the Moon, on some clean Chamber, and collect the dung..therof.

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 42 The Women were secluded from the men, being seated above in certaine Galleries.

1728 J. Thomson Spring 56 Let Eastern Tyrants from the Light of Heaven Seclude their Bosom-slaves.

b. In wider sense: To remove or guard from public view; to withdraw from opportunities of social intercourse. Often reflexive, to live in retirement or solitude. Chiefly const. from.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > seclude [verb (transitive)]

reclusea1400

sequesterc1430

withdrawa1450

sequestrate1513

solitary1581

reclude1598

seclude1629

bury1711

recess1795

backwater1885

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > seclude [verb (reflexive)]

sequesterc1430

seclude1749

bury1782

reclude1911

1629 J. Ford Lovers Melancholy ii. 32 We are secluded From all good people.

1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 788 He is secluded by the infinite sacredness of his own Majesty from all immediate converse and intercourse with us.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. vii. 123 Great Allowances should be given to a King who lives wholly secluded from the rest of the World.

1749 W. Melmoth Lett. by Sir Thomas Fitzosborne II. liv. 68 Virtue..must either..seclude herself in cells and deserts, or be contented to enter upon the stage of the world.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 159. ⁋1 The studious part of mankind, whose education necessarily secludes them in their earlier years from mingled converse.

1781 V. Knox Liberal Educ. iii. 35 He..will suffer worse consequences from it, than if he had not been secluded from boys at a boyish age.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall IV. xli. 202 It was enviously secluded from the public view.

1823 C. Lamb in London Mag. Oct. 402/2 It is an error more particularly incident to persons of the correctest principles and habits, to seclude themselves from the rest of mankind, as from another species; and form into knots and clubs.

1851 N. Hawthorne House of Seven Gables xiv. 232 Miss Hepzibah, by secluding herself from society, has lost all true relation with it.

1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. ii. ii. 385 Shut up in his carriage, he seemed desirous to seclude himself from the gaze of his new subjects.

1910 E. J. Putnam in Contemp. Rev. May 556 Under these conditions, it was apparently not necessary to seclude a wife; at any rate, the Roman matron of all periods enjoyed personal freedom.

c. To shut off or screen from some external influence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > be or make interjacent [verb (transitive)] > partition or form a partition > screen from

seclude1601

to shut up1733

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. vi. xvii. 124 The region of the Attaci..secluded from all noisome wind and aire.

1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 1st Ser. 170 Investigations and habits of thought that secluded them from baser attractions.

†3.

a. To shut or keep out from a place, society, etc.; to deny entrance to. Sometimes with double object, To forbid (a person) to enter (a place, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > be on the outside of [verb (transitive)] > keep or shut out

loukc1275

speara1300

beshutc1330

forbarc1330

warn?a1366

to close outa1382

to shut outc1384

steeka1393

again-louka1400

to keep outc1425

outshutc1450

seclude1498

to stop outc1530

to hedge out1549

confine1577

to hold out1583

out-bar1590

debar1593

excommunicate1602

expel1604

immurec1616

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > exclude from society [verb (transitive)]

seclude1498

refrain1547

ostracize1649

proscribe1680

to send (a person) to Coventry1765

taboo1791

blackball1821

blackbean1829

to freeze out1861

unworld1868

exostracize1872

boycott1880

1498 in J. Bulloch Pynours (1887) 57 And quha brekis this Statut..salbe secludit and forboden the tone thai being conuikit thairintill.

1538 J. Bale Tragedye Promyses God (1908) A ij Man must nedes be lost, And cleane secluded, from the faythfull chosen sorte, In the heauens aboue.

1558 W. Forrest Hist. Grisild the Second (1875) 85 So was goode Grysilde secluded the Courte.

1565 T. Stapleton tr. Bede Hist. Church Eng. v. xxii. f. 188 Vtterly to seclude from your presence and face..the habit..and figure of his countinaunce.

1680 Spirit of Popery Pref. 2 The Doctrines,..for which the Jesuits are Secluded both Kingdoms by Capital Laws.

1680 Papists bloody Oath of Secrecy 4 Till the days of our Grand-Fathers, when in England the Pope and his Clergy were secluded.

†b. To debar from a privilege, advantage, dignity, succession, etc.; to prevent from doing something. Also const. infinitive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > debar (a person)

forbarc1330

shutc1400

debarc1430

repel1480

abara1504

abridge1523

seclude?1531

bar1551

fence1589

bebar1650

limit1722

to shut out1819

stop-list1949

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from an action, purpose, etc.

warnc888

withseta1330

defendc1330

conclude1382

privea1387

retainc1415

refrain1442

prohibit1483

repel1483

stop1488

sever?1507

discourage1528

seclude?1531

prevent1533

foreclose1536

lock1560

stay1560

disallow1568

intercept1576

to put bya1586

crossa1616

stave1616

prevent1620

secure1623

stave1630

riot1777

tent1781

footer1813

to stop off1891

mozz1941

?1531 J. Frith Disput. Purgatorye To Rdr. sig. a3 You haue bene of longe continuaunce secluded from the scriptures.

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Heb. iii. f. v Leste he..dooe grieuouslye punyshe them, and seclude them from the rest and quietnes promised.

1556 R. Robinson tr. T. More Utopia (ed. 2) sig. Qiiii^v (margin) Irreligious people secluded [text has excluded] from all honours.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxxxvij^v And by that occasion vsurped the Dukedome of Millan, secludyng Valentine [L. exclusa Valentina].

1574 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 333 Wives were alwaies secluded and barred to demande any intrest in their said thirde of the said fermes.

1613 Sir T. Smythe in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 132 We now know what they endeavour, to seclude us from trading in those parts.

1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 99 b The heire cannot take anything..when the ancestor himself is secluded.

1656 G. Collier Vindiciæ Thesium de Sabbato (new ed.) i. 5 I shall prove they ought to be secluded [from communion].

1681 Let. to Person of Honour conc. D. of M.'s Mother 12 An apprehension of being otherwise Secluded from his Right over that kingdom.

1690–1700 Order of Hospitalls sig. Hvii Upon every fault found, your staffes shall be taken from you, and [you] to be secluded for ever more for serving in those romes.

a1722 J. Lauder Decisions (1759) I. 5 If the buyer..must immediately offer it back, so soon as he knows the vitiosity, else will be secluded both from the redhibitoria and quanti minoris.

1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 26 They are more secluded from easy recourse to national judicature.

†c. To regard as having no share (in something). Const. from. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclude [verb (transitive)]

exclude1382

to face (a person) out ofc1530

repulse1548

seclude1581

excommune1650

to peg out1672

to include out1934

1581 W. Charke in A. Nowell et al. True Rep. Disput. E. Campion (1584) iv. D d iiij b The ende why works are secluded from iustification doeth proue for me.

1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. I3^v, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) Confessing that if any waies I haue erred vnto you, as I will not vtterly seclude my selfe from any errour, it was but..by ignoraunce.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. iii. 71 Almighty God, whom he totally secludes from the concerns of the World.

†d. With noun of action as object: To prohibit, preclude. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > preclude

warnc1000

exclude1382

forshutc1430

before-barc1449

prohibit1516

foreclose1546

seclude1566

preclude1610

prescind1636

separate1644

1566 J. Securis Detection sig. Biij^v The..sauegard of many a sick man..shall be hyndred and secluded.

1578 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 681 That nane of his Hienes liegis..mak ony bargayne, blok, or conditioun..secluding the ressaving of ony of the Kingis lauchfull money in payment.

1579 R. Rice Inuect. Vices C iij Thou wilt perchaunce saie, that I am to harde to reprehende that thyng, that maie for an honest recreation bee frequented, where as the companie is sober,..secludyng blasphemie, riot, dronkenship, and such like excesse.

1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 79 in Sylva Enclose your tender Plants..in your Conservatory, secluding all entrance of cold.

†4.

a. To exclude from consideration, leave out of account. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > dismiss from consideration

to put out of ——a1250

to lay awaya1400

to set asidec1407

to lay by1439

to lay asidec1440

to let (something) walkc1450

to set apart?1473

reject1490

seclude?1531

to let go1535

to put offc1540

to set by1592

sepose1593

to think away1620

to look over ——a1640

prescind1650

seposit1657

decognize1659

inconsider1697

to set over1701

shelf1819

sink1820

shelve1847

eliminate1848

to count out1854

discounta1856

defenestrate1917

neg1987

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > misjudge [verb (transitive)] > underestimate or undervalue

to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395

disprize1480

misprize1483

to make light of1526

extenuate1529

to make the worst ofc1530

seclude?1531

to take (also wrest) to the worst1531

deprisec1550

disparagea1556

undermatch1571

embase1577

underbid1593

underprize1600

underpoise1602

undervalue1611

minorize1615

underspeak1635

underthink1646

underrate1650

minify1676

under-measure1682

underpraise1698

sneeze1806

understate1824

disappreciate1828

under-estimatea1850

minimize1866

to play down1869

worsen1885

to sell short1936

downplay1948

underplay1949

lowball1979

minimalize1979

?1531 J. Frith Disput. Purgatorye Prol. sig. a7^v Imagininge that two men dispute this matter by naturall reason and phylosophye secludynge Chryst and all scripture.

1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft viii. ii. 159 Onelie God and man knoweth the heart of man, and therefore..the diuell must be secluded.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 435 I vtterly seclude al their opinions, which translate this word Arabian wolues, for the Hæbrew notes cannot admit such a version or exposition.

1620 Horæ Subseciuæ 123 I doe not by this seclude society, and conuersation: for such a solitary, & vnsociable disposition, I hold to be worse then this Gadder.

1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 159 [This] Secludeth ambiguous, equiuocall, or doubtfull significations.

1656 H. Jeanes Mixture Scholasticall Divinity 82 Alwayes provided, you abstract, and seclude that, which implieth imperfection.

1672 J. Wallis Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 531 What I said..was only to seclude that consideration from what was then in hand.

1682 H. More Annot. Lux Orientalis 69 in Two Choice & Useful Treat. For such, says he, is God in the rest of his Attributes, if you seclude his Goodness.

1725 I. Watts Logick i. ii. § 2 If we seclude space out of our consideration.

†b. The present participle used absolute as quasi-prep.: Excepting, apart from. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1624 Bp. F. White Replie to Iesuit Fishers Answere 414 Secluding the authoritie of the Roman Church, there is [etc.].

1637 C. Dow Answer to H. Burton 168 That we come to know the scriptures by the testimony of the church, and that secluding that, wee cannot..bee perswaded that they are the word of God.

1638 in J. Spalding Mem. Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 93 We condempne no episcopall gouerment, seccluding the personall abuse thereof.

a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 74 But, secluding a regard to the Precepts of Religion, there can hardly be any..settled rule.

1706 W. Jones Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos 129 If all the Negative Products made of the Roots taken by 2's, 3's, 4's, &c. (Secluding their Signs) are equal to all the Affirmative ones.

1728 tr. I. Newton Treat. Syst. World 22 A body revolved in our air..would (secluding the resistance of the air) compleat a revolution in 1 h. 24′. 27″.

†5.

a. To banish, expel from a country; to put out of an office or out of membership of a society. (Cf. exclude v. II.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > exile or state of > exile [verb (transitive)]

flemeOE

forbana1250

exilec1330

forbanishc1450

banish1485

expel1490

exulate1535

vanquishc1540

relegate1561

extirpate1566

exul1568

seclude1572

confine1577

bandon1592

dispossess1600

vent1609

expose1632

deporta1641

disterr1645

transport1666

releage1691

expatriate1817

society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > remove from office or authority [verb (transitive)]

outOE

deposec1300

remuec1325

to put out1344

to set downc1369

deprivec1374

outputa1382

removea1382

to throw outa1382

to put downc1384

privea1387

to set adowna1387

to put out of ——?a1400

amovec1425

disappoint1434

unmakec1475

dismiss1477

dispoint1483

voidc1503

to set or put beside (or besides) the cushion1546

relieve1549

cass1550

displace1553

unauthorize1554

to wring out1560

seclude1572

eject1576

dispost1577

decass1579

overboard1585

cast1587

sequester1587

to put to grass1589

cashier1592

discompose1599

abdicate1610

unseat1611

dismount1612

disoffice1627

to take off1642

unchair1645

destitute1653

lift1659

resign1674

quietus1688

superannuate1692

derange1796

shelve1812

shelf1819

Stellenbosch1900

defenestrate1917

axe1922

retire1961

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > exclude from society [verb (transitive)] > exclude from membership > remove from membership

seclude1572

sequester1587

dismember1649

disfellowship1831

1572 J. Whitgift Answere to Admon. 40 God..prescribeth no generall rule of secluding them from theyr ministerie, if they falling, afterwarde repent.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 7 I choosed..to seclude my selfe from my soyle.

a1734 R. North Life F. North (1742) Pref. 3 He served his Country in diverse Parliaments, and was misled to sit in that of Forty, till he was secluded.

†b. To banish, put away (a thought, etc.). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Rom. xv. f. xlii That all heauines and dissencion secluded, it maye please hym to fulfyll you with all ioye and concorde.

†c. To expunge from a record. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] > remove from list, record, etc.

seclude1548

unrolla1616

disenrola1631

unlist1643

scratch1851

delist1919

deregister1924

delete1928

de-accession1972

1548 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 1st Pt. (new ed.) Ep. Ded. sig. iiij Secludynge theyr names from the lambes boke of lyfe.

d. Textual Criticism. To exclude as spurious [= modern Latin secludere] .

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > practise textual criticism [verb (transitive)] > emend > exclude as spurious

to throw off1647

athetize1886

seclude1893

1893 A. Platt in Classical Rev. Feb. 31/2 And why should this be secluded, when 0 225–256 are retained, though the editors agree with Nitzsch in condemning them?

6. To separate, keep apart.

†a. To separate as a barrier; to intervene so as to shut off (e.g. a portion of an army from the main body). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > be or make interjacent [verb (transitive)] > separate as a barrier

seclude1610

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 113 The Britwales, or Welchmen..were secluded from the English Saxons by a Ditch or Trench which King Offa cast.

1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 63 They were driuen to a necessitie, either by force to dislodge the enemy from the place and cut him off, or else to be secluded from the rest of the army.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 22 Discending Mount Synais from La Croix Southward, which secludeth Sauoy.

a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) vi. xiii. 278 Things..that were cast into periods of time secluded one from another by vast intervals.

a1678 A. Marvell Loyal Scot 93 Nothing but clergy could us two seclude, No Scotch was ever like a bishop's feud.

†b. To separate in thought, to consider apart from. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)] > separately

seclude1655

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. viii. 42 Take Queen Mary in her self abstracted from her Opinions, and by her self, secluded from her bloody councellours, and her Memory will justly come under Commendation.

c. To select and separate; to set aside for use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from main body > for a purpose

reservec1410

separate1526

to set apart1711

to set aside1720

seclude1771

ring-fence1870

1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. I. 7 No plunder taken in war was used by the captor until the Druids determined what part they should seclude for themselves.

1879 W. E. Gladstone Gleanings Past Years II. vi. 333 This transitory literature..requires immense sifting and purgation, like other coarse raw material, in order to reduce the gross to the nett, to seclude, and to express, the metal from the ore.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	seclude
释义	secludev. /sɪˈkluːd/ Forms: Also 1500s secluid. Etymology: < Latin sēclūdĕre, < sē- (see se- prefix) + claudĕre to shut. Compare Old French seclorre. Now almost restricted to sense 2, which is close to the primary etymological meaning, though narrower than the use of secludere in Latin. Formerly often used loosely as a synonym of exclude : see 3, 4, 5 below. †1. transitive. To shut off, obstruct the access to (a thing). Const. from. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > shut up (a place) steeka1250 shut1340 to shut in1390 spear1445 seclude1451 to shut up1530 mure1550 block1630 lock1773 to lock up1824 seal1931 to sew up1962 to lock down1980 1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert 127 The last two dayes was his drynk secluded fro him, so closed wer his pipes. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. lxxxvii The sure nutriment of their liuyng was from them secluded. 2. †a. To shut up apart, to enclose or confine so as to prevent access or influence from without. Const. from. Also, to enclose or confine (a material thing) in a separate place. Obsolete (merged in 2b.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > enclose or confine [verb (transitive)] pena1200 bebar?c1225 loukc1275 beshuta1300 parc1300 to shut in1398 to close inc1400 parrockc1400 pinc1400 steekc1400 lock?a1425 includec1425 key?a1439 spare?c1450 enferme1481 terminea1500 bebay1511 imprisona1533 besetc1534 hema1552 ram1567 warda1586 closet1589 pound1589 seclude1598 confine1600 i-pend1600 uptie1600 pinfold1605 boundify1606 incoop1608 to round in1609 ring1613 to buckle ina1616 embounda1616 swathe1624 hain1636 coopa1660 to sheathe up1661 stivea1722 cloister1723 span1844 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > seclude [verb (transitive)] > confine cloister1581 seclude1598 confine1634 maroon1904 society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > confine [verb (transitive)] beloukOE loukOE sparc1175 pena1200 bepen?c1225 pind?c1225 prison?c1225 spearc1300 stopc1315 restraina1325 aclosec1350 forbara1375 reclosea1382 ward1390 enclose1393 locka1400 reclusea1400 pinc1400 sparc1430 hamperc1440 umbecastc1440 murea1450 penda1450 mew?c1450 to shut inc1460 encharter1484 to shut up1490 bara1500 hedge1549 hema1552 impound1562 strain1566 chamber1568 to lock up1568 coop1570 incarcerate1575 cage1577 mew1581 kennel1582 coop1583 encagea1586 pound1589 imprisonc1595 encloister1596 button1598 immure1598 seclude1598 uplock1600 stow1602 confine1603 jail1604 hearse1608 bail1609 hasp1620 cub1621 secure1621 incarcera1653 fasten1658 to keep up1673 nun1753 mope1765 quarantine1804 peg1824 penfold1851 encoop1867 oubliette1884 jigger1887 corral1890 maroon1904 to bang up1950 to lock down1971 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 32 b/2 To drawe therout all humors which are therin secluded. 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 23/1 Take also a Peacock, seclud him in the decreasing of the Moon, on some clean Chamber, and collect the dung..therof. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 42 The Women were secluded from the men, being seated above in certaine Galleries. 1728 J. Thomson Spring 56 Let Eastern Tyrants from the Light of Heaven Seclude their Bosom-slaves. b. In wider sense: To remove or guard from public view; to withdraw from opportunities of social intercourse. Often reflexive, to live in retirement or solitude. Chiefly const. from. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > seclude [verb (transitive)] reclusea1400 sequesterc1430 withdrawa1450 sequestrate1513 solitary1581 reclude1598 seclude1629 bury1711 recess1795 backwater1885 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > seclude [verb (reflexive)] sequesterc1430 seclude1749 bury1782 reclude1911 1629 J. Ford Lovers Melancholy ii. 32 We are secluded From all good people. 1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 788 He is secluded by the infinite sacredness of his own Majesty from all immediate converse and intercourse with us. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. vii. 123 Great Allowances should be given to a King who lives wholly secluded from the rest of the World. 1749 W. Melmoth Lett. by Sir Thomas Fitzosborne II. liv. 68 Virtue..must either..seclude herself in cells and deserts, or be contented to enter upon the stage of the world. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 159. ⁋1 The studious part of mankind, whose education necessarily secludes them in their earlier years from mingled converse. 1781 V. Knox Liberal Educ. iii. 35 He..will suffer worse consequences from it, than if he had not been secluded from boys at a boyish age. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall IV. xli. 202 It was enviously secluded from the public view. 1823 C. Lamb in London Mag. Oct. 402/2 It is an error more particularly incident to persons of the correctest principles and habits, to seclude themselves from the rest of mankind, as from another species; and form into knots and clubs. 1851 N. Hawthorne House of Seven Gables xiv. 232 Miss Hepzibah, by secluding herself from society, has lost all true relation with it. 1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. ii. ii. 385 Shut up in his carriage, he seemed desirous to seclude himself from the gaze of his new subjects. 1910 E. J. Putnam in Contemp. Rev. May 556 Under these conditions, it was apparently not necessary to seclude a wife; at any rate, the Roman matron of all periods enjoyed personal freedom. c. To shut off or screen from some external influence. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > be or make interjacent [verb (transitive)] > partition or form a partition > screen from seclude1601 to shut up1733 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. vi. xvii. 124 The region of the Attaci..secluded from all noisome wind and aire. 1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 1st Ser. 170 Investigations and habits of thought that secluded them from baser attractions. †3. a. To shut or keep out from a place, society, etc.; to deny entrance to. Sometimes with double object, To forbid (a person) to enter (a place, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > be on the outside of [verb (transitive)] > keep or shut out loukc1275 speara1300 beshutc1330 forbarc1330 warn?a1366 to close outa1382 to shut outc1384 steeka1393 again-louka1400 to keep outc1425 outshutc1450 seclude1498 to stop outc1530 to hedge out1549 confine1577 to hold out1583 out-bar1590 debar1593 excommunicate1602 expel1604 immurec1616 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > exclude from society [verb (transitive)] seclude1498 refrain1547 ostracize1649 proscribe1680 to send (a person) to Coventry1765 taboo1791 blackball1821 blackbean1829 to freeze out1861 unworld1868 exostracize1872 boycott1880 1498 in J. Bulloch Pynours (1887) 57 And quha brekis this Statut..salbe secludit and forboden the tone thai being conuikit thairintill. 1538 J. Bale Tragedye Promyses God (1908) A ij Man must nedes be lost, And cleane secluded, from the faythfull chosen sorte, In the heauens aboue. 1558 W. Forrest Hist. Grisild the Second (1875) 85 So was goode Grysilde secluded the Courte. 1565 T. Stapleton tr. Bede Hist. Church Eng. v. xxii. f. 188 Vtterly to seclude from your presence and face..the habit..and figure of his countinaunce. 1680 Spirit of Popery Pref. 2 The Doctrines,..for which the Jesuits are Secluded both Kingdoms by Capital Laws. 1680 Papists bloody Oath of Secrecy 4 Till the days of our Grand-Fathers, when in England the Pope and his Clergy were secluded. †b. To debar from a privilege, advantage, dignity, succession, etc.; to prevent from doing something. Also const. infinitive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > debar (a person) forbarc1330 shutc1400 debarc1430 repel1480 abara1504 abridge1523 seclude?1531 bar1551 fence1589 bebar1650 limit1722 to shut out1819 stop-list1949 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from an action, purpose, etc. warnc888 withseta1330 defendc1330 conclude1382 privea1387 retainc1415 refrain1442 prohibit1483 repel1483 stop1488 sever?1507 discourage1528 seclude?1531 prevent1533 foreclose1536 lock1560 stay1560 disallow1568 intercept1576 to put bya1586 crossa1616 stave1616 prevent1620 secure1623 stave1630 riot1777 tent1781 footer1813 to stop off1891 mozz1941 ?1531 J. Frith Disput. Purgatorye To Rdr. sig. a3 You haue bene of longe continuaunce secluded from the scriptures. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Heb. iii. f. v Leste he..dooe grieuouslye punyshe them, and seclude them from the rest and quietnes promised. 1556 R. Robinson tr. T. More Utopia (ed. 2) sig. Qiiii^v (margin) Irreligious people secluded [text has excluded] from all honours. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxxxvij^v And by that occasion vsurped the Dukedome of Millan, secludyng Valentine [L. exclusa Valentina]. 1574 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 333 Wives were alwaies secluded and barred to demande any intrest in their said thirde of the said fermes. 1613 Sir T. Smythe in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 132 We now know what they endeavour, to seclude us from trading in those parts. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 99 b The heire cannot take anything..when the ancestor himself is secluded. 1656 G. Collier Vindiciæ Thesium de Sabbato (new ed.) i. 5 I shall prove they ought to be secluded [from communion]. 1681 Let. to Person of Honour conc. D. of M.'s Mother 12 An apprehension of being otherwise Secluded from his Right over that kingdom. 1690–1700 Order of Hospitalls sig. Hvii Upon every fault found, your staffes shall be taken from you, and [you] to be secluded for ever more for serving in those romes. a1722 J. Lauder Decisions (1759) I. 5 If the buyer..must immediately offer it back, so soon as he knows the vitiosity, else will be secluded both from the redhibitoria and quanti minoris. 1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 26 They are more secluded from easy recourse to national judicature. †c. To regard as having no share (in something). Const. from. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclude [verb (transitive)] exclude1382 to face (a person) out ofc1530 repulse1548 seclude1581 excommune1650 to peg out1672 to include out1934 1581 W. Charke in A. Nowell et al. True Rep. Disput. E. Campion (1584) iv. D d iiij b The ende why works are secluded from iustification doeth proue for me. 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. I3^v, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) Confessing that if any waies I haue erred vnto you, as I will not vtterly seclude my selfe from any errour, it was but..by ignoraunce. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. iii. 71 Almighty God, whom he totally secludes from the concerns of the World. †d. With noun of action as object: To prohibit, preclude. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > preclude warnc1000 exclude1382 forshutc1430 before-barc1449 prohibit1516 foreclose1546 seclude1566 preclude1610 prescind1636 separate1644 1566 J. Securis Detection sig. Biij^v The..sauegard of many a sick man..shall be hyndred and secluded. 1578 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 681 That nane of his Hienes liegis..mak ony bargayne, blok, or conditioun..secluding the ressaving of ony of the Kingis lauchfull money in payment. 1579 R. Rice Inuect. Vices C iij Thou wilt perchaunce saie, that I am to harde to reprehende that thyng, that maie for an honest recreation bee frequented, where as the companie is sober,..secludyng blasphemie, riot, dronkenship, and such like excesse. 1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 79 in Sylva Enclose your tender Plants..in your Conservatory, secluding all entrance of cold. †4. a. To exclude from consideration, leave out of account. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > dismiss from consideration to put out of ——a1250 to lay awaya1400 to set asidec1407 to lay by1439 to lay asidec1440 to let (something) walkc1450 to set apart?1473 reject1490 seclude?1531 to let go1535 to put offc1540 to set by1592 sepose1593 to think away1620 to look over ——a1640 prescind1650 seposit1657 decognize1659 inconsider1697 to set over1701 shelf1819 sink1820 shelve1847 eliminate1848 to count out1854 discounta1856 defenestrate1917 neg1987 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > misjudge [verb (transitive)] > underestimate or undervalue to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395 disprize1480 misprize1483 to make light of1526 extenuate1529 to make the worst ofc1530 seclude?1531 to take (also wrest) to the worst1531 deprisec1550 disparagea1556 undermatch1571 embase1577 underbid1593 underprize1600 underpoise1602 undervalue1611 minorize1615 underspeak1635 underthink1646 underrate1650 minify1676 under-measure1682 underpraise1698 sneeze1806 understate1824 disappreciate1828 under-estimatea1850 minimize1866 to play down1869 worsen1885 to sell short1936 downplay1948 underplay1949 lowball1979 minimalize1979 ?1531 J. Frith Disput. Purgatorye Prol. sig. a7^v Imagininge that two men dispute this matter by naturall reason and phylosophye secludynge Chryst and all scripture. 1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft viii. ii. 159 Onelie God and man knoweth the heart of man, and therefore..the diuell must be secluded. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 435 I vtterly seclude al their opinions, which translate this word Arabian wolues, for the Hæbrew notes cannot admit such a version or exposition. 1620 Horæ Subseciuæ 123 I doe not by this seclude society, and conuersation: for such a solitary, & vnsociable disposition, I hold to be worse then this Gadder. 1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 159 [This] Secludeth ambiguous, equiuocall, or doubtfull significations. 1656 H. Jeanes Mixture Scholasticall Divinity 82 Alwayes provided, you abstract, and seclude that, which implieth imperfection. 1672 J. Wallis Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 531 What I said..was only to seclude that consideration from what was then in hand. 1682 H. More Annot. Lux Orientalis 69 in Two Choice & Useful Treat. For such, says he, is God in the rest of his Attributes, if you seclude his Goodness. 1725 I. Watts Logick i. ii. § 2 If we seclude space out of our consideration. †b. The present participle used absolute as quasi-prep.: Excepting, apart from. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1624 Bp. F. White Replie to Iesuit Fishers Answere 414 Secluding the authoritie of the Roman Church, there is [etc.]. 1637 C. Dow Answer to H. Burton 168 That we come to know the scriptures by the testimony of the church, and that secluding that, wee cannot..bee perswaded that they are the word of God. 1638 in J. Spalding Mem. Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 93 We condempne no episcopall gouerment, seccluding the personall abuse thereof. a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 74 But, secluding a regard to the Precepts of Religion, there can hardly be any..settled rule. 1706 W. Jones Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos 129 If all the Negative Products made of the Roots taken by 2's, 3's, 4's, &c. (Secluding their Signs) are equal to all the Affirmative ones. 1728 tr. I. Newton Treat. Syst. World 22 A body revolved in our air..would (secluding the resistance of the air) compleat a revolution in 1 h. 24′. 27″. †5. a. To banish, expel from a country; to put out of an office or out of membership of a society. (Cf. exclude v. II.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > exile or state of > exile [verb (transitive)] flemeOE forbana1250 exilec1330 forbanishc1450 banish1485 expel1490 exulate1535 vanquishc1540 relegate1561 extirpate1566 exul1568 seclude1572 confine1577 bandon1592 dispossess1600 vent1609 expose1632 deporta1641 disterr1645 transport1666 releage1691 expatriate1817 society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > remove from office or authority [verb (transitive)] outOE deposec1300 remuec1325 to put out1344 to set downc1369 deprivec1374 outputa1382 removea1382 to throw outa1382 to put downc1384 privea1387 to set adowna1387 to put out of ——?a1400 amovec1425 disappoint1434 unmakec1475 dismiss1477 dispoint1483 voidc1503 to set or put beside (or besides) the cushion1546 relieve1549 cass1550 displace1553 unauthorize1554 to wring out1560 seclude1572 eject1576 dispost1577 decass1579 overboard1585 cast1587 sequester1587 to put to grass1589 cashier1592 discompose1599 abdicate1610 unseat1611 dismount1612 disoffice1627 to take off1642 unchair1645 destitute1653 lift1659 resign1674 quietus1688 superannuate1692 derange1796 shelve1812 shelf1819 Stellenbosch1900 defenestrate1917 axe1922 retire1961 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > exclude from society [verb (transitive)] > exclude from membership > remove from membership seclude1572 sequester1587 dismember1649 disfellowship1831 1572 J. Whitgift Answere to Admon. 40 God..prescribeth no generall rule of secluding them from theyr ministerie, if they falling, afterwarde repent. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 7 I choosed..to seclude my selfe from my soyle. a1734 R. North Life F. North (1742) Pref. 3 He served his Country in diverse Parliaments, and was misled to sit in that of Forty, till he was secluded. †b. To banish, put away (a thought, etc.). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Rom. xv. f. xlii That all heauines and dissencion secluded, it maye please hym to fulfyll you with all ioye and concorde. †c. To expunge from a record. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] > remove from list, record, etc. seclude1548 unrolla1616 disenrola1631 unlist1643 scratch1851 delist1919 deregister1924 delete1928 de-accession1972 1548 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 1st Pt. (new ed.) Ep. Ded. sig. iiij Secludynge theyr names from the lambes boke of lyfe. d. Textual Criticism. To exclude as spurious [= modern Latin secludere] . ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > practise textual criticism [verb (transitive)] > emend > exclude as spurious to throw off1647 athetize1886 seclude1893 1893 A. Platt in Classical Rev. Feb. 31/2 And why should this be secluded, when 0 225–256 are retained, though the editors agree with Nitzsch in condemning them? 6. To separate, keep apart. †a. To separate as a barrier; to intervene so as to shut off (e.g. a portion of an army from the main body). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > be or make interjacent [verb (transitive)] > separate as a barrier seclude1610 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 113 The Britwales, or Welchmen..were secluded from the English Saxons by a Ditch or Trench which King Offa cast. 1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 63 They were driuen to a necessitie, either by force to dislodge the enemy from the place and cut him off, or else to be secluded from the rest of the army. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 22 Discending Mount Synais from La Croix Southward, which secludeth Sauoy. a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) vi. xiii. 278 Things..that were cast into periods of time secluded one from another by vast intervals. a1678 A. Marvell Loyal Scot 93 Nothing but clergy could us two seclude, No Scotch was ever like a bishop's feud. †b. To separate in thought, to consider apart from. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)] > separately seclude1655 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. viii. 42 Take Queen Mary in her self abstracted from her Opinions, and by her self, secluded from her bloody councellours, and her Memory will justly come under Commendation. c. To select and separate; to set aside for use. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from main body > for a purpose reservec1410 separate1526 to set apart1711 to set aside1720 seclude1771 ring-fence1870 1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. I. 7 No plunder taken in war was used by the captor until the Druids determined what part they should seclude for themselves. 1879 W. E. Gladstone Gleanings Past Years II. vi. 333 This transitory literature..requires immense sifting and purgation, like other coarse raw material, in order to reduce the gross to the nett, to seclude, and to express, the metal from the ore. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.1451
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