birzen.

Brit.

/bəːz/, U.S.

/bərz/, Scottish English

/bɪrz/

Forms: 1800s birs, 1800s birse, 1800s– birz, 1900s– birze, 2000s– birzz.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: birze v.

Etymology: < birze v. Compare earlier bruise n.

Scottish.

†1. An injury caused by a heavy weight or blow; a bruise. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > bruise

brusurea1375

frousshure1477

bruise1533

wan1533

battering1558

squat1578

intuse1590

battery1594

crush1601

contusiona1616

sugillation1623

mishanter1754

stone bruise1805

rainbow1810

birze1818

pound1862

strawberry1921

1818 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (abridged ed.) Birse, brize, a bruise.

1822 J. Galt Sir Andrew Wylie III. xxxiv. 292 My brother..has met wi' a severe birz and contusion.

2. The action or an act of pushing, esp. through a crowd; (hence) a struggle to proceed against a pressing mass or force. Also: pressure, esp. that of a crowd. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > [noun] > pushing

shoving1297

thrustingc1380

pushing1527

birze1825

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Birse The act of pressing; often used to denote the pressure made by a crowd; as, ‘We had an awfu' birse.’

a1838 T. Blyth Pirate Ship (1879) 139 The sairest birse I'd warsal throu' Wi yer neb to dirk.

1894 Arbroath Herald 11 Oct. 2/3 He gae his hat a birz on.

1895 G. Williams Scarbraes 49 I'm nae able to follow a pu'pit prayer. Gie's a wordie o' guid rough hameowre wark, for I'll hae a geyan rough birs afore I get warslet thro'.

1925 in Sc. National Dict. (1931) I. 138/2 [Buchan] It was a gey birze, shivvin against the win'.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

birzev.

Brit.

/bəːz/, U.S.

/bərz/, Scottish English

/bɪrz/

Forms: late Middle English birs, late Middle English birse, late Middle English burse; Scottish pre-1700 birs, pre-1700 byrs, pre-1700 byrss, pre-1700 1700s birss, pre-1700 1700s– birse, 1700s– birze, 2000s– baerse (Shetland), 2000s– birzz.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: bruise v.

Etymology: Variant (with metathesis) of bruise v. Compare earlier unbirsed adj.

Chiefly Scottish.

†1. transitive. To injure, batter, or crush (a person, body part, etc.) with a heavy weight or blow; to bruise. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)] > crush

breakc900

to-bruisec1000

swatchea1300

to-gnidea1300

defoulc1300

to-crushc1300

thring13..

squatcha1325

to-squatc1325

oppressa1382

crush?a1400

thronga1400

dequassc1400

birzec1425

crazec1430

frayc1460

defroysse1480

to-quashc1480

croose1567

pletter1598

becrush1609

mortify1609

winder1610

crackle1611

quest1647

scrouge1755

grush1827

jam1832

roll1886

c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. l. 5580 (MED) Kyng Philicais Ector a-vised How he Gregeis sclow & bursed.

a1450 (a1400) Siege Jerusalem (BL Add.) (1932) l. 829 Birssede [a1400 Laud Burnes wer brayned & brosed to deþ].

c1480 (a1400) St. Vincent l. 395 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 270 Sancte vincent tormentit ves, byrsit, beft, [and] brynt.

?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) iii. l. 1924 in Shorter Poems (1967) 118 He..byrsyt all my bonys [1579 Edinb. brissit all my banis].

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 28 Nocht lang eftir, he fell aff a horse, quhair he was sa birset, that he was vnable to gouerne.

c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 293 Borne to jybbit, becaus he wes birsit with the buttis.

1612 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) III. 243 He..brak and birset his haill intrallis within him.

1720 A. Ramsay Patie & Roger 6 Till, Birss'd beneath the Burden, thou cry Dool.

1829 G. Wilson Sc. Laverock 185 He birz'd his banes, an' brack his crown, An' scratch'd nose, mouth, an eyes.

1841 J. Imlah Poems & Songs 85 When our heels the maist are heichten'd Mark how cannilie he gaes, Ane wad think the fule was frichten'd Lest he birzed his bits o'taes.

2. Frequently with adverb or prepositional phrase.

a. transitive. To apply pressure to; to push, press, squeeze.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)]

thrutchc888

distrainc1381

thrust1382

pressc1390

compressc1400

thresta1425

bruisec1465

thrumble1513

squize1548

squiss1558

scruze1590

squeeze1601

vice1602

squish1647

birzea1774

squeege1787

appress1789

squidge1881

punch1903

mash1930

a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1785) 182 The thrifty gudewife sees Her lasses kirn, or birze the dainty cheese.

1778 A. Ross Helenore (ed. 2) 92 Kisses upon her he birs'd on anew.

1790 A. Shirrefs Poems 346 For they're ay birsing in their spurs, Whare they can get them.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Birse up I saw Sisyphus..Birzing a heavy stane up a high brae.

1840 Sc. Christian Herald 18 July 464/2 We try wi' a' our micht to birze the great tree o' Gospel light and Gospel grace into our ain bit nut-shell.

1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona xv. 169 It seemed to understand it's employ brawly, birzing the saft rope between the neb of it and a crunkled jag o' stane.

1917 C. Murray Sough o' War (1918) 25 I full my pipe wi' bogie-rowe, an' birze the dottle doon.

1976 R. Bulter Shaela 49 Juist bore an dreel an gurm an shap, Roog in da siller athin dir lap, Dan birze da aert for da hidmist drap.

1985 D. Purves Whuppitie Stourie (SCOTS) Cuddlin hir bairn till she near birzed its braith oot.

1997 C. De Luca Wast wi da Valkyries 33 Whin we left fur hame Sixpences i wir löfs shö birsed.

b. intransitive. To push, press, squeeze. Also transitive: to make (one's way) by pushing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > strike with pushing action > give a push > jostle

shovec1290

hurla1425

thrumble?a1513

jostle1546

push1735

birze1793

thrutchc1837

be-elbow1847

1793 ‘T. Thrum’ Look before ye Loup 27 If they birze forward into stations that they canna fill they'll be despised.

a1801 R. Gall Poems & Songs (1819) 32 He heard a boo ahint a hedge, While Meg birsed through wi' speed, tho' thorny.

1842 C. Sinclair Sc. Courtiers & Court 116 Balloch castle..was erected during the proscription of the Macgregors, of whose lands the Campbells gradually contrived to possess themselves, following the ambitious advice of an ancestor to ‘birze yont’—keep moving onwards.

1915 T. W. Paterson Auld Saws 101 See them bittlin ane anither, Birzin for a place.

1949 in Sc. National Dict. (1976) X. 375/1 [Aberdeenshire] Ye'll boo the hannle if ye birze ower hard on't.

1977 N. Shepherd Living Mountain Foreword p. v Bulldozers birze their way into the hill.

1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer New Test. in Scots Matt. xix. 38 A caumel will shuner birze throu the ee o a needle nor a rich man win intil the Kingdom o God.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	birze
释义	birzen. Brit. /bəːz/, U.S. /bərz/, Scottish English /bɪrz/ Forms: 1800s birs, 1800s birse, 1800s– birz, 1900s– birze, 2000s– birzz. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: birze v. Etymology: < birze v. Compare earlier bruise n. Scottish. †1. An injury caused by a heavy weight or blow; a bruise. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > bruise brusurea1375 frousshure1477 bruise1533 wan1533 battering1558 squat1578 intuse1590 battery1594 crush1601 contusiona1616 sugillation1623 mishanter1754 stone bruise1805 rainbow1810 birze1818 pound1862 strawberry1921 1818 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (abridged ed.) Birse, brize, a bruise. 1822 J. Galt Sir Andrew Wylie III. xxxiv. 292 My brother..has met wi' a severe birz and contusion. 2. The action or an act of pushing, esp. through a crowd; (hence) a struggle to proceed against a pressing mass or force. Also: pressure, esp. that of a crowd. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > [noun] > pushing shoving1297 thrustingc1380 pushing1527 birze1825 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Birse The act of pressing; often used to denote the pressure made by a crowd; as, ‘We had an awfu' birse.’ a1838 T. Blyth Pirate Ship (1879) 139 The sairest birse I'd warsal throu' Wi yer neb to dirk. 1894 Arbroath Herald 11 Oct. 2/3 He gae his hat a birz on. 1895 G. Williams Scarbraes 49 I'm nae able to follow a pu'pit prayer. Gie's a wordie o' guid rough hameowre wark, for I'll hae a geyan rough birs afore I get warslet thro'. 1925 in Sc. National Dict. (1931) I. 138/2 [Buchan] It was a gey birze, shivvin against the win'. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). birzev. Brit. /bəːz/, U.S. /bərz/, Scottish English /bɪrz/ Forms: late Middle English birs, late Middle English birse, late Middle English burse; Scottish pre-1700 birs, pre-1700 byrs, pre-1700 byrss, pre-1700 1700s birss, pre-1700 1700s– birse, 1700s– birze, 2000s– baerse (Shetland), 2000s– birzz. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: bruise v. Etymology: Variant (with metathesis) of bruise v. Compare earlier unbirsed adj. Chiefly Scottish. †1. transitive. To injure, batter, or crush (a person, body part, etc.) with a heavy weight or blow; to bruise. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)] > crush breakc900 to-bruisec1000 swatchea1300 to-gnidea1300 defoulc1300 to-crushc1300 thring13.. squatcha1325 to-squatc1325 oppressa1382 crush?a1400 thronga1400 dequassc1400 birzec1425 crazec1430 frayc1460 defroysse1480 to-quashc1480 croose1567 pletter1598 becrush1609 mortify1609 winder1610 crackle1611 quest1647 scrouge1755 grush1827 jam1832 roll1886 c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. l. 5580 (MED) Kyng Philicais Ector a-vised How he Gregeis sclow & bursed. a1450 (a1400) Siege Jerusalem (BL Add.) (1932) l. 829 Birssede [a1400 Laud Burnes wer brayned & brosed to deþ]. c1480 (a1400) St. Vincent l. 395 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 270 Sancte vincent tormentit ves, byrsit, beft, [and] brynt. ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) iii. l. 1924 in Shorter Poems (1967) 118 He..byrsyt all my bonys [1579 Edinb. brissit all my banis]. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 28 Nocht lang eftir, he fell aff a horse, quhair he was sa birset, that he was vnable to gouerne. c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 293 Borne to jybbit, becaus he wes birsit with the buttis. 1612 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) III. 243 He..brak and birset his haill intrallis within him. 1720 A. Ramsay Patie & Roger 6 Till, Birss'd beneath the Burden, thou cry Dool. 1829 G. Wilson Sc. Laverock 185 He birz'd his banes, an' brack his crown, An' scratch'd nose, mouth, an eyes. 1841 J. Imlah Poems & Songs 85 When our heels the maist are heichten'd Mark how cannilie he gaes, Ane wad think the fule was frichten'd Lest he birzed his bits o'taes. 2. Frequently with adverb or prepositional phrase. a. transitive. To apply pressure to; to push, press, squeeze. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)] thrutchc888 distrainc1381 thrust1382 pressc1390 compressc1400 thresta1425 bruisec1465 thrumble1513 squize1548 squiss1558 scruze1590 squeeze1601 vice1602 squish1647 birzea1774 squeege1787 appress1789 squidge1881 punch1903 mash1930 a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1785) 182 The thrifty gudewife sees Her lasses kirn, or birze the dainty cheese. 1778 A. Ross Helenore (ed. 2) 92 Kisses upon her he birs'd on anew. 1790 A. Shirrefs Poems 346 For they're ay birsing in their spurs, Whare they can get them. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Birse up I saw Sisyphus..Birzing a heavy stane up a high brae. 1840 Sc. Christian Herald 18 July 464/2 We try wi' a' our micht to birze the great tree o' Gospel light and Gospel grace into our ain bit nut-shell. 1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona xv. 169 It seemed to understand it's employ brawly, birzing the saft rope between the neb of it and a crunkled jag o' stane. 1917 C. Murray Sough o' War (1918) 25 I full my pipe wi' bogie-rowe, an' birze the dottle doon. 1976 R. Bulter Shaela 49 Juist bore an dreel an gurm an shap, Roog in da siller athin dir lap, Dan birze da aert for da hidmist drap. 1985 D. Purves Whuppitie Stourie (SCOTS) Cuddlin hir bairn till she near birzed its braith oot. 1997 C. De Luca Wast wi da Valkyries 33 Whin we left fur hame Sixpences i wir löfs shö birsed. b. intransitive. To push, press, squeeze. Also transitive: to make (one's way) by pushing. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > strike with pushing action > give a push > jostle shovec1290 hurla1425 thrumble?a1513 jostle1546 push1735 birze1793 thrutchc1837 be-elbow1847 1793 ‘T. Thrum’ Look before ye Loup 27 If they birze forward into stations that they canna fill they'll be despised. a1801 R. Gall Poems & Songs (1819) 32 He heard a boo ahint a hedge, While Meg birsed through wi' speed, tho' thorny. 1842 C. Sinclair Sc. Courtiers & Court 116 Balloch castle..was erected during the proscription of the Macgregors, of whose lands the Campbells gradually contrived to possess themselves, following the ambitious advice of an ancestor to ‘birze yont’—keep moving onwards. 1915 T. W. Paterson Auld Saws 101 See them bittlin ane anither, Birzin for a place. 1949 in Sc. National Dict. (1976) X. 375/1 [Aberdeenshire] Ye'll boo the hannle if ye birze ower hard on't. 1977 N. Shepherd Living Mountain Foreword p. v Bulldozers birze their way into the hill. 1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer New Test. in Scots Matt. xix. 38 A caumel will shuner birze throu the ee o a needle nor a rich man win intil the Kingdom o God. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1818v.c1425
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