scratn.¹

Forms: Middle English skratt, scrat(t)e, scrette, 1500s scrayte, skarth(t, ( karthe), scarcht, scratche, 1500s–1600s skrat, 1600s–1700s, 1800s (dialect) scrat, scart, scratch. See also scarth n.²

Etymology: Perhaps representing Old English *scratta (? miswritten scritta), apparently (in spite of the difference of sense) corresponding to Old Norse skratte wizard, goblin, monster, modern Icelandic skratti devil (Middle Swedish skratte goblin); compare Old High German scrato, skraz (plural skrazzâ, skrezza) satyr, wood-demon, Middle High German schrat(e, schraz, schraȥ, goblin, elf; for many modern German derivatives see Grimm s.v. schrat.

Obsolete exc. dialect.

1. A hermaphrodite.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > sex and gender > [noun] > state or condition of having characteristics of both sexes > person or animal

scratc1000

androgyneOE

hermaphroditec1400

scarth?a1513

man-woman1587

she-mana1613

epicene1641

will-jill1677

morphoditea1726

bisexual1879

pseudohermaphrodite1881

harumfrodite1896

sex mosaic1903

intersex1916

intersexual1917

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 161/11 Hermafroditus, wæpenwifestre, uel scritta [? read scratta], uel bæddel.

14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 695/2 Hic et hec armifraudita, a skratt.

1482 W. Caxton Trevisa's Higden ii. i. 73 Somtyme one of man~kynde is both man & woman & suche..in englyssh is called a scrette [1527 scratte].

?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 793/31 Hec armifodrita, a scrate.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Scrayte whyche is both male and female.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. i. xxxi. 145 Ane bairne borne quhilk had baitht the kyndis of maill and famell, callit in our langage karthe [v.rr. scarcht, scratche].

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxix. 1036 An Hermaphrodite or Skrat.

1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xxv. iv. 972 Hermaphrodites or Scrats.

1691 J. Ray N. Country Words A Scrat; an Hermaphrodite: used of Men, Beasts, and Sheep.

1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Scrat, scart, scratch;..a female hermaphrodite sheep.

2. dialect. (See quot. 1855) Cf. scratch n.²

ΚΠ

1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 148 Scrat, Satan, generally with the prefix—old, ‘Aud Scrat’.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

scratn.²

Forms: Also 1500s scratte.

Etymology: < scrat v.

Obsolete exc. dialect.

1. An act of scratching, a mark resulting from scratching. Also, †a weal made by a whip.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > mark of blow > weal

walea1100

stripec1440

yedderc1440

scrat1542

wipe1594

whelka1761

wheal1811

weal1821

wealing1902

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 84^v The markes or scrattes of the stripes declared as plainly as if he had spoken it..how he had been handled.

1865 J. C. Atkinson Danby Gloss. Scrat, a scraping, or scratching together, with pains and toil.

2. A small portion or part of anything.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit > small piece

fingereOE

snedec1000

seed?a1200

morselc1300

bittlock?a1400

farthingc1405

spota1413

lipetc1430

offe?1440

drewc1450

remnantc1450

parcel1483

crap1520

flakec1525

patch1528

spark1548

a piece1559

sparklec1570

inch1573

nibbling?1577

scantling1585

scrat1593

mincing1598

scantle1598

halfpenny1600

quantity1600

nip1606

kantch1608

bit1609

catch1613

scripa1617

snap1616

sippeta1625

crumblet1634

scute1635

scantleta1642

snattock1654

cantlet1700

tab1729

pallion1738

smallness1818

knobble1823

wisp1836

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 172 The golden Asse, in the superabundance of his rich humours, promiseth many other golden mountaines; but hath neuer a scrat of siluer.

1877 F. Ross et al. Gloss. Words Holderness Scrat, a trifle, or minimum of income... ‘He's not woth a scrat’.

1896 J. Lumsden Poems 89 Sma' wheat was saun, an' maist o' that Was droun'd out to a waesome scrat Ere Mayday cam.

3. One who scrapes; a saving, miserly person.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person

nithinga1225

chinch?a1300

nigc1300

chincher1333

shut-purse1340

niggardc1384

haynec1386

nigona1400

pinchera1425

pinchpenny?c1425

pynepenya1450

pelt1511

chincherda1529

churl1535

pinchbeck1538

carl?1542

penny-father1549

nipfarthing1566

nipper?1573

holdfast1576

pinchpence1577

pinch fistc1580

pinchfart1592

shit-sticks1598

clunchfist1606

puckfist1606

sharp-nose1611

spare-good1611

crib1622

hog grubber?1626

dry-fist1633

clusterfist1652

niggardling1654

frummer1659

scrat1699

sting-hum1699

nipcheese1785

pincha1825

screw1825

wire-drawer1828

close-fist1861

penny-pincher1875

nip-skin1876

parer1887

pinch-plum1892

cheapskate1899

meanie1902

tightwad1906

stinge1914

penny-peeler1925

mean1938

stiff1967

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew at Flay He'll flay a Flint, of a meer Scrat or Miser.

1866 E. Lynn Linton Lizzie Lorton II. xvi. 77 Bella was an industrious, hard-working little body, generally called a ‘lile scrat’ by her neighbours.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

scratv.

Forms: Middle English–1500s scratte, Middle English–1500s skrat, Middle English skratt, 1500s scratt, Middle English– scrat. Also 1500s scart v.

Etymology: Early Middle English scratte, of difficult etymology. The sense coincides with that of Middle Swedish kratta to scratch (so also in modern Swedish dialect; compare Swedish kratta to rake) = Old High German krazzôn (German kratzen ) < Germanic *krattōjan , believed to be the source of Italian grattare , Spanish, Portuguese gratar , French gratter to scratch, grate v.¹ Possibly the Middle English word may be an alteration (see S n.¹) of an unrecorded *cratte (either < Old English *crattian or adopted < Scandinavian), representing this Germanic verb. Another possibility is that the word may be < Old French esgrater , < es- (see es- prefix) + grater , gratter (see grate v.¹).

Obsolete exc. dialect.

1. intransitive. To use the nails or claws for attack; to scratch (at a person).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (intransitive)] > scratch or scrape > claws, nails, or fingers

scrapec1000

scrata1250

rake1574

scratch1589

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > stroke with weapon > strike (of weapon) [verb (intransitive)] > strike with natural weapon > with nails or claws

scrata1250

scratch1589

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 58 And nis tat child ful itohen þat scrattes [?c1225 Cleo. schindleð; ?c1250 Nero schrepeð] aȝain & bites o þe ȝerde.

a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Diii^v A peryllous thynge to cast a cat Upon a naked man and yf she scrat.

?1565 Smyth that forged New Dame sig. B.iv All way fast gan she scrat At hym wyth all her myght.

1790 A. Wheeler Westmorland Dial. (1821) 69 They braaid, skrat, an fout, like mad fowk.

a. transitive. To lacerate, wound, or mark superficially by dragging the nails, claws, or anything pointed or prickly, over the skin or surface.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > scratch or graze

cratchc1320

scrat1340

cramse1440

scratch1474

crutch1481

rata1560

razea1586

gravel1608

ravel1621

graze1701

ruffle1731

skin1795

bark1850

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] > scratch

clawc1000

scrat1340

frushc1430

scrapec1440

scartc1480

scrab1481

heckle?1507

mouse1531

bescratch1555

razea1586

ferret-claw1591

scrub1596

beclaw1603

bescramble1605

rake1609

shrub1657

talon1685

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 7378 Ilk ane scratte other in þe face.

c1440 Alphabet of Tales 515 And þan he come home all tobittyn and skrattyd with thornys and breers.

c1480 (a1400) St. Eugenia 365 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 134 For-þi hyr face scho skratit þare, & of hyre hewid rugit þe hare.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 707/2 The catte hath scratte hym by the face.

1577 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Chron. 197 Hee caused the brestes of the priests to be scrat with combs of yron in his presence.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. iii. ii. 684 It is an ordinary thing for women in such cases, to scrat the faces, slit the noses of such as they suspect.

1764 T. Bridges Homer Travestie II. v. 9 If they won't fight, their steps he traces, And kicks their bums, or scrats their faces.

†b. figurative in passive. To be superficially marked.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > marking > be marked [verb (passive)] > be superficially marked

scrat1559

1559 J. Aylmer Harborowe sig. A3^v A little scratted with som shewe and apparance of learning.

c. with adverbs: To pull out, scrape off with the claws or nails.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > strip or make bare > strip by scraping > a covering

scrapea1382

scratc1500

detract1607

scrabble1808

c1500 Robert Deuyll in W. J. Thoms Coll. Early Prose Romances (1828) I. 9 He..scratte out theyr eyen.

1589 ‘Marphoreus’ Martins Months Minde Ep. Ded. sig. A2^v We shall reach them a rappe, as they will neuer clawe of, except they scratt off the skinne from the verie bones.

3. To rub lightly with the finger-nails, etc., to relieve itching or the like; = scratch v. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > scratching > [verb (transitive)]

clawc1320

cratchc1320

cloe?a1400

scratch1530

scrat1542

clye1587

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 324 Scrattyng his hedde with one fynger.

1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xlvii. 147 Sometimes he would skrat his thyghes with his foote.

1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. vi. i. 89 And bite my nayles, and scrat my dullard head.

a. intransitive. Of a bird or animal: To rake in the ground with the claws. Also transferred of persons.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (intransitive)] > scratch about

scrat1556

scrabble1600

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > scratch or scrape about

scrat1556

scrabble1600

1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie xv. 58 While ye were in that diche scrallyng, And scratting in the myre to saue your life.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. iii. xii. 156 Seeing a Crow scrat vpon the muck-hill [he] returned in all hast.

1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. i. 10 If a man..scrats at his bit o' garden and makes two potatoes grow istead o' one.

b. transitive with adverbs. To get out, up, by scratching.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > remove or displace by scratching, scraping, stripping, or cutting

bestrip1065

file?c1225

to cut awayc1320

raze1419

screeve?1440

rakec1475

to scrape out, forth1530

scrata1560

scrabble1657

scamble1707

peel1787

the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > make hollow [verb (transitive)] > make full of cavities > scrape out (a hole)

scrat1864

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > by scratching

to scratch out?1527

scrat1886

scrumble1906

a1560 T. Becon Flower Godly Prayers Pref., in Wks. II. 176 The Iewes were compelled for very hunger..to scratte out the most filthy and stinking dounge,..and for very famine to eate it.

1864 Mrs. H. Wood Trevlyn Hold I. ii. 22 The hole was scratted out by the dog.

1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (at cited word) Th' ens have been i' th' garden, and scratted up everythink.

5. intransitive (figurative of 4). To struggle to make a living or to gain money: scratch v. 5.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > get or make money [verb (intransitive)] > earn one's living > struggle to

scratch1509

scrape1552

scrat1579

1579 W. A. Speciall Remedie (1844) cj He..scrapes and scrattes as though all were his owne, And hoordes it vp within his bagges to rust.

1587 W. Baldwin et al. in J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) iii. Wolsey ii Ambitious minde, a world of wealth would haue, So scrats and scrapes, for scorfe, and scoruy drosse.

1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner xiv. 244 We may strive and scrat and fend, but it's little we can do arter all.

Derivatives

ˈscratting n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > [noun] > scratching, scraping, or abrasion

clawing1398

razinga1400

scrattinga1400

scrapingc1440

scrape1483

raze1530

rasure1596

rasion1617

scrub1621

scrubbing1622

scrapelet1625

grazing1698

scratch1765

rake1869

society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > [noun] > struggling to get or make money

scratting1555

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > [adjective] > scratching or scraping

scratting1593

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 11823 & wiþ skratting he toke þe skurf he barked ouer as a turfe.

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. viii. 179 Thei canne finde none ende of their scrattinge, but the more thei haue, the fellier gnaweth their longing.

1593 T. Churchyard Challenge 1 The restles race, that mortall men doe runne, Seemes smooth to sight, yet full of scratting breers.

1602–3 in P. F. Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) IV. 312 I hope you will bear with my molesting you too long with my scrattinge hand.

1667 J. Lacy Sauny the Scott (1698) ii. i I take as Muckle Pleasure, Sir, in Scratten and Scrubben, as ye de in Tiplin and Mowing.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

n.¹c1000

n.²1542

v.a1250

单词	scrat
释义	scratn.¹ Forms: Middle English skratt, scrat(t)e, scrette, 1500s scrayte, skarth(t, ( karthe), scarcht, scratche, 1500s–1600s skrat, 1600s–1700s, 1800s (dialect) scrat, scart, scratch. See also scarth n.² Etymology: Perhaps representing Old English scratta (? miswritten scritta), apparently (in spite of the difference of sense) corresponding to Old Norse skratte* wizard, goblin, monster, modern Icelandic skratti devil (Middle Swedish skratte goblin); compare Old High German scrato, skraz (plural skrazzâ, skrezza) satyr, wood-demon, Middle High German schrat(e, schraz, schraȥ, goblin, elf; for many modern German derivatives see Grimm s.v. schrat. Obsolete exc. dialect. 1. A hermaphrodite. ΘΚΠ the world > life > sex and gender > [noun] > state or condition of having characteristics of both sexes > person or animal scratc1000 androgyneOE hermaphroditec1400 scarth?a1513 man-woman1587 she-mana1613 epicene1641 will-jill1677 morphoditea1726 bisexual1879 pseudohermaphrodite1881 harumfrodite1896 sex mosaic1903 intersex1916 intersexual1917 c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 161/11 Hermafroditus, wæpenwifestre, uel scritta [? read scratta], uel bæddel. 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 695/2 Hic et hec armifraudita, a skratt. 1482 W. Caxton Trevisa's Higden ii. i. 73 Somtyme one of man~kynde is both man & woman & suche..in englyssh is called a scrette [1527 scratte]. ?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 793/31 Hec armifodrita, a scrate. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Scrayte whyche is both male and female. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. i. xxxi. 145 Ane bairne borne quhilk had baitht the kyndis of maill and famell, callit in our langage karthe [v.rr. scarcht, scratche]. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxix. 1036 An Hermaphrodite or Skrat. 1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xxv. iv. 972 Hermaphrodites or Scrats. 1691 J. Ray N. Country Words A Scrat; an Hermaphrodite: used of Men, Beasts, and Sheep. 1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Scrat, scart, scratch;..a female hermaphrodite sheep. 2. dialect. (See quot. 1855) Cf. scratch n.² ΚΠ 1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 148 Scrat, Satan, generally with the prefix—old, ‘Aud Scrat’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022). scratn.² Forms: Also 1500s scratte. Etymology: < scrat v. Obsolete exc. dialect. 1. An act of scratching, a mark resulting from scratching. Also, †a weal made by a whip. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > mark of blow > weal walea1100 stripec1440 yedderc1440 scrat1542 wipe1594 whelka1761 wheal1811 weal1821 wealing1902 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 84^v The markes or scrattes of the stripes declared as plainly as if he had spoken it..how he had been handled. 1865 J. C. Atkinson Danby Gloss. Scrat, a scraping, or scratching together, with pains and toil. 2. A small portion or part of anything. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit > small piece fingereOE snedec1000 seed?a1200 morselc1300 bittlock?a1400 farthingc1405 spota1413 lipetc1430 offe?1440 drewc1450 remnantc1450 parcel1483 crap1520 flakec1525 patch1528 spark1548 a piece1559 sparklec1570 inch1573 nibbling?1577 scantling1585 scrat1593 mincing1598 scantle1598 halfpenny1600 quantity1600 nip1606 kantch1608 bit1609 catch1613 scripa1617 snap1616 sippeta1625 crumblet1634 scute1635 scantleta1642 snattock1654 cantlet1700 tab1729 pallion1738 smallness1818 knobble1823 wisp1836 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 172 The golden Asse, in the superabundance of his rich humours, promiseth many other golden mountaines; but hath neuer a scrat of siluer. 1877 F. Ross et al. Gloss. Words Holderness Scrat, a trifle, or minimum of income... ‘He's not woth a scrat’. 1896 J. Lumsden Poems 89 Sma' wheat was saun, an' maist o' that Was droun'd out to a waesome scrat Ere Mayday cam. 3. One who scrapes; a saving, miserly person. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person nithinga1225 chinch?a1300 nigc1300 chincher1333 shut-purse1340 niggardc1384 haynec1386 nigona1400 pinchera1425 pinchpenny?c1425 pynepenya1450 pelt1511 chincherda1529 churl1535 pinchbeck1538 carl?1542 penny-father1549 nipfarthing1566 nipper?1573 holdfast1576 pinchpence1577 pinch fistc1580 pinchfart1592 shit-sticks1598 clunchfist1606 puckfist1606 sharp-nose1611 spare-good1611 crib1622 hog grubber?1626 dry-fist1633 clusterfist1652 niggardling1654 frummer1659 scrat1699 sting-hum1699 nipcheese1785 pincha1825 screw1825 wire-drawer1828 close-fist1861 penny-pincher1875 nip-skin1876 parer1887 pinch-plum1892 cheapskate1899 meanie1902 tightwad1906 stinge1914 penny-peeler1925 mean1938 stiff1967 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew at Flay He'll flay a Flint, of a meer Scrat or Miser. 1866 E. Lynn Linton Lizzie Lorton II. xvi. 77 Bella was an industrious, hard-working little body, generally called a ‘lile scrat’ by her neighbours. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022). scratv. Forms: Middle English–1500s scratte, Middle English–1500s skrat, Middle English skratt, 1500s scratt, Middle English– scrat. Also 1500s scart v. Etymology: Early Middle English scratte, of difficult etymology. The sense coincides with that of Middle Swedish kratta to scratch (so also in modern Swedish dialect; compare Swedish kratta to rake) = Old High German krazzôn (German kratzen ) < Germanic krattōjan , believed to be the source of Italian grattare* , Spanish, Portuguese gratar , French gratter to scratch, grate v.¹ Possibly the Middle English word may be an alteration (see S n.¹) of an unrecorded cratte (either < Old English crattian or adopted < Scandinavian), representing this Germanic verb. Another possibility is that the word may be < Old French esgrater , < es- (see es- prefix) + grater , gratter (see grate v.¹). Obsolete exc. dialect. 1. intransitive. To use the nails or claws for attack; to scratch (at a person). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (intransitive)] > scratch or scrape > claws, nails, or fingers scrapec1000 scrata1250 rake1574 scratch1589 society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > stroke with weapon > strike (of weapon) [verb (intransitive)] > strike with natural weapon > with nails or claws scrata1250 scratch1589 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 58 And nis tat child ful itohen þat scrattes [?c1225 Cleo. schindleð; ?c1250 Nero schrepeð] aȝain & bites o þe ȝerde. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Diii^v A peryllous thynge to cast a cat Upon a naked man and yf she scrat. ?1565 Smyth that forged New Dame sig. B.iv All way fast gan she scrat At hym wyth all her myght. 1790 A. Wheeler Westmorland Dial. (1821) 69 They braaid, skrat, an fout, like mad fowk. 2. a. transitive. To lacerate, wound, or mark superficially by dragging the nails, claws, or anything pointed or prickly, over the skin or surface. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > scratch or graze cratchc1320 scrat1340 cramse1440 scratch1474 crutch1481 rata1560 razea1586 gravel1608 ravel1621 graze1701 ruffle1731 skin1795 bark1850 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] > scratch clawc1000 scrat1340 frushc1430 scrapec1440 scartc1480 scrab1481 heckle?1507 mouse1531 bescratch1555 razea1586 ferret-claw1591 scrub1596 beclaw1603 bescramble1605 rake1609 shrub1657 talon1685 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 7378 Ilk ane scratte other in þe face. c1440 Alphabet of Tales 515 And þan he come home all tobittyn and skrattyd with thornys and breers. c1480 (a1400) St. Eugenia 365 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 134 For-þi hyr face scho skratit þare, & of hyre hewid rugit þe hare. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 707/2 The catte hath scratte hym by the face. 1577 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Chron. 197 Hee caused the brestes of the priests to be scrat with combs of yron in his presence. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. iii. ii. 684 It is an ordinary thing for women in such cases, to scrat the faces, slit the noses of such as they suspect. 1764 T. Bridges Homer Travestie II. v. 9 If they won't fight, their steps he traces, And kicks their bums, or scrats their faces. †b. figurative in passive. To be superficially marked. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > be marked [verb (passive)] > be superficially marked scrat1559 1559 J. Aylmer Harborowe sig. A3^v A little scratted with som shewe and apparance of learning. c. with adverbs: To pull out, scrape off with the claws or nails. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > strip or make bare > strip by scraping > a covering scrapea1382 scratc1500 detract1607 scrabble1808 c1500 Robert Deuyll in W. J. Thoms Coll. Early Prose Romances (1828) I. 9 He..scratte out theyr eyen. 1589 ‘Marphoreus’ Martins Months Minde Ep. Ded. sig. A2^v We shall reach them a rappe, as they will neuer clawe of, except they scratt off the skinne from the verie bones. 3. To rub lightly with the finger-nails, etc., to relieve itching or the like; = scratch v. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > scratching > [verb (transitive)] clawc1320 cratchc1320 cloe?a1400 scratch1530 scrat1542 clye1587 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 324 Scrattyng his hedde with one fynger. 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xlvii. 147 Sometimes he would skrat his thyghes with his foote. 1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. vi. i. 89 And bite my nayles, and scrat my dullard head. 4. a. intransitive. Of a bird or animal: To rake in the ground with the claws. Also transferred of persons. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (intransitive)] > scratch about scrat1556 scrabble1600 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > scratch or scrape about scrat1556 scrabble1600 1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie xv. 58 While ye were in that diche scrallyng, And scratting in the myre to saue your life. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. iii. xii. 156 Seeing a Crow scrat vpon the muck-hill [he] returned in all hast. 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. i. 10 If a man..scrats at his bit o' garden and makes two potatoes grow istead o' one. b. transitive with adverbs. To get out, up, by scratching. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > remove or displace by scratching, scraping, stripping, or cutting bestrip1065 file?c1225 to cut awayc1320 raze1419 screeve?1440 rakec1475 to scrape out, forth1530 scrata1560 scrabble1657 scamble1707 peel1787 the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > make hollow [verb (transitive)] > make full of cavities > scrape out (a hole) scrat1864 the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > by scratching to scratch out?1527 scrat1886 scrumble1906 a1560 T. Becon Flower Godly Prayers Pref., in Wks. II. 176 The Iewes were compelled for very hunger..to scratte out the most filthy and stinking dounge,..and for very famine to eate it. 1864 Mrs. H. Wood Trevlyn Hold I. ii. 22 The hole was scratted out by the dog. 1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (at cited word) Th' ens have been i' th' garden, and scratted up everythink. 5. intransitive (figurative of 4). To struggle to make a living or to gain money: scratch v. 5. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > get or make money [verb (intransitive)] > earn one's living > struggle to scratch1509 scrape1552 scrat1579 1579 W. A. Speciall Remedie (1844) cj He..scrapes and scrattes as though all were his owne, And hoordes it vp within his bagges to rust. 1587 W. Baldwin et al. in J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) iii. Wolsey ii Ambitious minde, a world of wealth would haue, So scrats and scrapes, for scorfe, and scoruy drosse. 1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner xiv. 244 We may strive and scrat and fend, but it's little we can do arter all. Derivatives ˈscratting n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > [noun] > scratching, scraping, or abrasion clawing1398 razinga1400 scrattinga1400 scrapingc1440 scrape1483 raze1530 rasure1596 rasion1617 scrub1621 scrubbing1622 scrapelet1625 grazing1698 scratch1765 rake1869 society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > [noun] > struggling to get or make money scratting1555 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > [adjective] > scratching or scraping scratting1593 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 11823 & wiþ skratting he toke þe skurf he barked ouer as a turfe. 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. viii. 179 Thei canne finde none ende of their scrattinge, but the more thei haue, the fellier gnaweth their longing. 1593 T. Churchyard Challenge 1 The restles race, that mortall men doe runne, Seemes smooth to sight, yet full of scratting breers. 1602–3 in P. F. Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) IV. 312 I hope you will bear with my molesting you too long with my scrattinge hand. 1667 J. Lacy Sauny the Scott (1698) ii. i I take as Muckle Pleasure, Sir, in Scratten and Scrubben, as ye de in Tiplin and Mowing. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹c1000n.²1542v.a1250
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scratv.

Derivatives

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