samplingn.

Brit.

/ˈsɑːmplɪŋ/,

/ˈsɑːmpl̩ɪŋ/,

/ˈsamplɪŋ/,

/ˈsampl̩ɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈsæmp(ə)lɪŋ/

Etymology: < sample v. + -ing suffix¹.

The action of sample v.

†1. Following an example, imitation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun]

imitation?1504

mimesisa1586

imitating1591

mocking1611

mockage1615

samplinga1638

exemplification1650

facsimilea1661

mimature1663

mimicry1688

copying1712

mimic1832

patterning1845

simulation1870

a1638 J. Mede Wks. (1672) 158 And this conformity and sampling (as I may say) of Christ, extends not only to those Acts of his which he did as man, where the imitation is plain and direct.

2. The action of testing the quality of anything by means of samples; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun] > specific tests or testing > by sampling

sampling1778

1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 326 The persons employed are called Samplers; and the business itself Sampling.

1809 R. Langford Introd. Trade 64 Sample Box, Sampling and Duty..5s. 6d.

1867 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2nd Ser. 3 ii. 476 Numerous gaugings and samplings of the sewage..have been undertaken.

1889 Athenæum 15 June 753/2 It is..not one to be estimated on..a chance sampling.

1924 J. Stamp Stud. Current Probl. Finance & Govt. 12 A second development of statistics, along the lines of the theory of probability, is in the important principle of ‘sampling’... Under certain conditions 20 per cent., or even 5 per cent., samples may yield satisfactory and reliable results.

1935 Brit. Birds XXVIII. 332 Sampling is an attractive labour-saving device, but it presents a number of obstacles and pitfalls, and needs to be used with considerable caution.

1973 Jrnl. Genetic Psychol. 122 249 This wide sampling yields a measure of a generalized expectancy of reinforcement.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

sampling method n.

ΚΠ

1943 Ann. Math. Statistics 14 289 The accuracy of a sampling method may be measured by the variance of the estimate of the quantity which is of interest.

1975 Listener 6 Feb. 187/3 We accept sampling methods in our everyday life.

sampling rate n.

ΚΠ

1947 Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. 26 396 Any input wave can be represented by a series of regularly occurring instantaneous samples, provided that the sampling rate is at least twice the highest frequency in the input wave.

1978 Gramophone Apr. 1789/2 The Sound Stream recorder, which sells for $70,000, is a full 6-bit binary conversion and recording system, with a sampling rate of 48K, frequency response to 17kHz,..and a tape speed of 30ips.

sampling survey n.

ΚΠ

1960 Amer. Speech 35 176 The picture is probably as true as a sampling survey can give.

1972 H. Kurath Stud. Area Ling. 76 A sampling survey carried out on a modest scale can reveal important aspects of the dialectal structure.

C2.

sampling distribution n. the theoretical frequency distribution of a statistic, as calculated from a sample, over all samples of the same size and kind.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > distribution

distribution1854

random distribution1882

frequency distribution1895

probability distribution1895

Poisson distribution1898

binomial distribution1911

Student's t-distribution1925

sampling distribution1928

probability density1931

Poisson1940

beta distribution1941

Cauchy distribution1948

geometric distribution1950

1928 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 121 654 (heading) The general sampling distribution of the multiple correlation coefficient.

1967 R. C. Campbell Statistics for Biologists ii. 32 A sample statistic..has a sampling distribution. This last term is slightly misleading, because all the distributions we have considered arise from sampling; the name is however usually reserved for the distribution from sample to sample of a statistic calculated from each sample.

sampling error n. error due to the use of a sample which does not perfectly characterize the population from which it is drawn.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > sample > error in

sampling error1914

1914 Psychol. Rev. 21 109 The correlation (compensated for sampling errors) between any two columns.

1955 Times 8 July 7/3 It is anticipated that..the estimated total population of the Sudan will have a sampling error of substantially less than 1 per cent.

1974 Times 11 Feb. 15/3 Polls are subject to considerable sampling error.

Draft additions May 2001

Electronics and Sound Recording. The action or process of sampling sounds (cf. sample v.) in order to convert an analogue signal into a digital one; spec. the technique of digitally encoding sound for subsequent electronic processing, modification, or reuse, esp. as part of a recording or performance; the incorporation of an excerpt from one musical recording into another.

ΚΠ

1975 D. Kirk Audio & Video Recording vi. 113 Most synthesizers incorporate some form of sampling facility.

1984 D. Crombie Synthesizer & Electronic Keyboard Handbk. 67/3 (caption) The Emulator is a digital replay and sampling unit with its own built-in disk drive.

1988 Rhythm Oct. 46/3 Some..see sampling merely as a way of getting Phil Collins onto your record without the inconvenience of those nasty session fees.

1992 Vibe Fall (Preview Issue) 29/1 Hip-hop has periodically tried to broaden its musical horizons beyond sampling and scratching.

1998 San Diego Union-Tribune (Electronic ed.) 21 May (Night & Day section) 23 Liquid Soul's sampling, while inventive at times, feels more derivative than soulful.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	sampling
释义	samplingn. Brit. /ˈsɑːmplɪŋ/, /ˈsɑːmpl̩ɪŋ/, /ˈsamplɪŋ/, /ˈsampl̩ɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈsæmp(ə)lɪŋ/ Etymology: < sample v. + -ing suffix¹. The action of sample v. †1. Following an example, imitation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] imitation?1504 mimesisa1586 imitating1591 mocking1611 mockage1615 samplinga1638 exemplification1650 facsimilea1661 mimature1663 mimicry1688 copying1712 mimic1832 patterning1845 simulation1870 a1638 J. Mede Wks. (1672) 158 And this conformity and sampling (as I may say) of Christ, extends not only to those Acts of his which he did as man, where the imitation is plain and direct. 2. The action of testing the quality of anything by means of samples; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun] > specific tests or testing > by sampling sampling1778 1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 326 The persons employed are called Samplers; and the business itself Sampling. 1809 R. Langford Introd. Trade 64 Sample Box, Sampling and Duty..5s. 6d. 1867 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2nd Ser. 3 ii. 476 Numerous gaugings and samplings of the sewage..have been undertaken. 1889 Athenæum 15 June 753/2 It is..not one to be estimated on..a chance sampling. 1924 J. Stamp Stud. Current Probl. Finance & Govt. 12 A second development of statistics, along the lines of the theory of probability, is in the important principle of ‘sampling’... Under certain conditions 20 per cent., or even 5 per cent., samples may yield satisfactory and reliable results. 1935 Brit. Birds XXVIII. 332 Sampling is an attractive labour-saving device, but it presents a number of obstacles and pitfalls, and needs to be used with considerable caution. 1973 Jrnl. Genetic Psychol. 122 249 This wide sampling yields a measure of a generalized expectancy of reinforcement. Compounds C1. General attributive. sampling method n. ΚΠ 1943 Ann. Math. Statistics 14 289 The accuracy of a sampling method may be measured by the variance of the estimate of the quantity which is of interest. 1975 Listener 6 Feb. 187/3 We accept sampling methods in our everyday life. sampling rate n. ΚΠ 1947 Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. 26 396 Any input wave can be represented by a series of regularly occurring instantaneous samples, provided that the sampling rate is at least twice the highest frequency in the input wave. 1978 Gramophone Apr. 1789/2 The Sound Stream recorder, which sells for $70,000, is a full 6-bit binary conversion and recording system, with a sampling rate of 48K, frequency response to 17kHz,..and a tape speed of 30ips. sampling survey n. ΚΠ 1960 Amer. Speech 35 176 The picture is probably as true as a sampling survey can give. 1972 H. Kurath Stud. Area Ling. 76 A sampling survey carried out on a modest scale can reveal important aspects of the dialectal structure. C2. sampling distribution n. the theoretical frequency distribution of a statistic, as calculated from a sample, over all samples of the same size and kind. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > distribution distribution1854 random distribution1882 frequency distribution1895 probability distribution1895 Poisson distribution1898 binomial distribution1911 Student's t-distribution1925 sampling distribution1928 probability density1931 Poisson1940 beta distribution1941 Cauchy distribution1948 geometric distribution1950 1928 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 121 654 (heading) The general sampling distribution of the multiple correlation coefficient. 1967 R. C. Campbell Statistics for Biologists ii. 32 A sample statistic..has a sampling distribution. This last term is slightly misleading, because all the distributions we have considered arise from sampling; the name is however usually reserved for the distribution from sample to sample of a statistic calculated from each sample. sampling error n. error due to the use of a sample which does not perfectly characterize the population from which it is drawn. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > sample > error in sampling error1914 1914 Psychol. Rev. 21 109 The correlation (compensated for sampling errors) between any two columns. 1955 Times 8 July 7/3 It is anticipated that..the estimated total population of the Sudan will have a sampling error of substantially less than 1 per cent. 1974 Times 11 Feb. 15/3 Polls are subject to considerable sampling error. Draft additions May 2001 Electronics and Sound Recording. The action or process of sampling sounds (cf. sample v.) in order to convert an analogue signal into a digital one; spec. the technique of digitally encoding sound for subsequent electronic processing, modification, or reuse, esp. as part of a recording or performance; the incorporation of an excerpt from one musical recording into another. ΚΠ 1975 D. Kirk Audio & Video Recording vi. 113 Most synthesizers incorporate some form of sampling facility. 1984 D. Crombie Synthesizer & Electronic Keyboard Handbk. 67/3 (caption) The Emulator is a digital replay and sampling unit with its own built-in disk drive. 1988 Rhythm Oct. 46/3 Some..see sampling merely as a way of getting Phil Collins onto your record without the inconvenience of those nasty session fees. 1992 Vibe Fall (Preview Issue) 29/1 Hip-hop has periodically tried to broaden its musical horizons beyond sampling and scratching. 1998 San Diego Union-Tribune (Electronic ed.) 21 May (Night & Day section) 23 Liquid Soul's sampling, while inventive at times, feels more derivative than soulful. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1638
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