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单词 sapphire
释义

sapphiren.

Brit. /ˈsafʌɪə/, U.S. /ˈsæˌfaɪ(ə)r/
Forms: Middle English–1500s saphyr, Middle English–1600s saphir, Middle English safir(e, ( zaphire), safer(e, Middle English–1500s saffer(e, safyr(e, sapher, Middle English–1600s saphyre, Middle English–1700s saphire, Middle English saffyr, saffre, safewr, ( safour, safur), Middle English–1500s Scottish sapheir, 1500s saphere, saphier, ( safure, saffure, saffure, Scottish saufir), 1600s sappheir, Scottish saiffer, 1700s–1800s sapphyr, 1700s– sapphire.
Etymology: < Old French safir (12th cent. in Littré), modern French saphir (Provençal saphir, safir, Spanish zafir, zafiro, Portuguese safira, zafira, Italian zaffiro), < Latin sapphīrus, also sapp(h)ir (both feminine), < Greek σάπϕειρος, feminine, said to mean lapis lazuli (our sapphire being perhaps the ὑάκινθος, Latin hyacinthus); probably < some Semitic form, compare Hebrew sappīr, rendered σάπϕειρος, sapphirus in the Septuagint and Vulgate. The word, however, does not appear to be ultimately of Semitic origin. As Hebrew sappīr may represent an earlier *sampīr (compare Jewish Aramaic sampīrīnā), some scholars have conjectured that the source may be Sanskrit çanipriya (lit. ‘dear to the planet Saturn’), the name of some dark gem, perhaps sapphire or emerald. The Persian saffīr and modern Arabic çafir may be from Greek.
1.
a. A precious stone of a beautiful transparent blue. It is a variety of native alumina akin to the ruby.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > corundum gemstones > [noun] > sapphire
jacinthc1230
sapphirea1272
sapphire stone1382
hyacinth1553
hyacine1590
sapphire jewel1613
hyacinth-stone-
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > corundum group A2 03 > corundum > precious varieties
sapphirea1684
telesia1801
a1272 Luue Ron 173 in Old Eng. Misc. 98 Hwat spekstu of eny stone..Of iaspe, of saphir, of sardone.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 82 Hy weneþ of a gles þet hit by a safir.
c1386 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 478 Of Rubies, saphires [v.rr. safferys, safers], and of peerles white Were alle hise clothes brouded vp and doun.
a1400 K. Alis. (Bodl.) 5667 Safyres Smaragdes & Margarites.
c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 159 A poore man proud is nat comendable, Nor a fayr saphir set in a copir ryng.
c1450 Guy Warw. (C.) 11403 Some were of safewrs and some of saradyn.
1554 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 145 Oon gold ringe wt a saffer.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 466 With stanis of Beriall cleir, Dyamountis and Sapheir.
1583 R. Greene Mamillia i. f. 15v Though the Polipe chaungeth colour euery houre: yet the Saphyre will cracke before it consent to disloyaltie.
1609 W. Shakespeare Louers Complaint in Sonnets sig. K4v The heauen hewd Saphir.
1625 F. Quarles Sions Sonets xvii. sig. E With veines, like Saphyres, winding in and out.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1676 (1955) IV. 96 He reported prodigious depth of yce, blew as a Saphire & as transparant.
1715 A. Pope Temple of Fame 24 Bright azure Rays from lively Saphirs stream.
1873 W. Black Princess of Thule ii. 20 The sky..was as blue and clear as the heart of a sapphire.
b. Mineralogy. Used as a general name for all the precious transparent varieties of native crystalline alumina, including the ruby. A colourless variety is called white sapphire or water sapphire n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > corundum gemstones > [noun]
sapphire1668
telesia1801
1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 68 Saphire White.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 215 There are three sorts, one perfect Blue, and very hard... The second is perfect White, and very hard... The third, called Water-Saphires, are of small Esteem, being not so hard as the other, and commonly of a dead Waterish Colour.
1829 J. Crawfurd Jrnl. Embassy to Court of Ava (1834) II. 201 All the varieties of the sapphire, as well as the spinelle, are found together.
1834 J. R. McCulloch Dict. Commerce (ed. 2) (at cited word) The red sapphire, or Oriental ruby.
c. transferred and figurative.
ΚΠ
14.. T. Hoccleve Min. Poems (1892) 70 Lady, þat clept art ‘modir of mercy’, Noble saphir.
?1614 W. Drummond Sonnet: Those Eyes, those sparkling Saphires in Poems Those Eyes, those sparkling Saphires of Delight.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 605 Now glow'd the Firmament With living Saphirs . View more context for this quotation
d. The pure bright blue of the sapphire.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [noun] > bright blue
sapphire huec1430
sapphire colour1477
sapphire1686
sapphire-blue1782
halcyon blue1787
kingfisher blue1878
new blue1897
1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. v. 14 He [the Sun] brighteth the Air into a chearful Saphir.
1814 Ld. Byron Corsair iii. i. 64 Again his waves in milder tints unfold Their long array of sapphire and of gold.
1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xviii. vi, in Maud & Other Poems 59 It seems that I am happy, that to me A livelier emerald twinkles in the grass, A purer sapphire melts into the sea.
e. Heraldry. The tincture blue or azure, in blazoning by the names of precious stones.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic tincture > [noun] > colour > blue
azurea1330
Jove1562
periwinkle1562
sapphire1562
Jupiter1572
1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory 12 Azure..whose preciouse stone is the Saphier.
1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie II. 90 Hys fielde is of the Saphire, the Sunne propre; or thus. He beareth Azure, a Sunne d'Or.
1777 ‘M. A. Porny’ Elements Heraldry (ed. 3) 109 Party per Saltier Sapphire and Pearl.
f. A sapphire used as a stylus for gramophone records.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > sound recording or reproducing equipment > [noun] > record-playing equipment > needle or stylus
stylus1879
needle1902
pin1911
needlepoint1929
sapphire1943
thorn needle1950
1943 Electronic Engin. 16 121/2 The portion of the wire between the ribbon and the sapphire provides sufficient vertical compliance to minimise mechanical noise.
1957 Records & Recording Nov. 20/1 If it is already tracking properly, a sapphire should have a playing life of about 50 hours.
1964 P. J. Guy Disc Recording vii. 99 In the author's experience some sapphires have a very much shorter life.
2.
a. A name for certain hummingbirds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Apodiformes > [noun] > family Trochilidae (humming-bird) > genus Hylocharis (sapphire)
sapphire1843
1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 272/2 [Humming-Birds.] The Sapphires.
1861 J. Gould Monogr. Trochilidæ V. Pl. 330 Eucephala Grayi, Blue-headed Sapphire.
1861 J. Gould Monogr. Trochilidæ V. Pl. 342 Hylocharis sapphirinus. Red-throated Sapphire.
b. A sapphire mink (see sense 3b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Mustela (weasel) > mustela vison (mink)
mink1612
vison1780
Silverblu1941
mutation mink1942
Aleutian1946
sapphire1951
sapphire mink1960
1951 Genetics 36 575 Several color phases result from the combination of two or more of these mutant genes, the sapphire..and the ‘red-eyed’ pastel..being of most commercial importance at the present time.
3.
a. quasi-adj. Resembling the sapphire, sapphire-coloured.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [adjective] > bright blue
sapphirine1413
sapphire1433
sapphire-hued1446
sapphire-coloureda1586
sapphiric1605
sapphire-blue1782
electric blue1877
pirate blue1896
kingfisher blue1915
halcyon blue1922
blue-brilliant1923
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > corundum gemstones > [adjective] > sapphire
sapphire1433
sapphirine1672
hyacinthian1714
1433 J. Lydgate Legend St. Edmund App. 173 A saphir skye ladde Israel be day-light Toward the lond of promyssyoun.
1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 185 The cristall air, the sapher firmament.
a1600 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems xxxv. 55 Hir saphir veins, lyk threids of silk.
1623 W. Drummond Flowres of Sion 10 The Sunne..faintlie journeyes vp Heauens saphyre Path.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 237 How from that Saphire Fount the crisped Brooks..Ran Nectar. View more context for this quotation
1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey V. xx. 128 Loud from a saphire sky his thunder sounds.
1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 101 Like a throbbing star Seen mid the sapphire heaven's deep repose.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. iii. 30 Beyond that sapphire Promontory, which men name St. Bees, which is not sapphire either, but dull sandstone, when one gets close to it.
1862 C. S. Calverley Verses & Transl. (1894) 60 In the sapphire West the eve yet lingered.
b. used to designate certain animals (see quots.). sapphire mink n. a variety of mink with blue fur (see also sense 2b); also, the fur of this animal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Mustela (weasel) > mustela vison (mink)
mink1612
vison1780
Silverblu1941
mutation mink1942
Aleutian1946
sapphire1951
sapphire mink1960
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of mink
mink1431
kolinsky1851
ranch mink1934
Silverblu1941
tourmaline1957
sapphire mink1960
1664 R. Hubert Catal. Rarities (1665) 40 A Saphir flie so called for his bright shining blew colour.
1704 Nat. Hist. vi, in L. Wafer New Voy. & Descr. Isthmus Amer. (ed. 2) 215 The Saphire-beetle. Has green Wings with a Gold Gloss.
1782 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds I. 775 Sapphire Humming Bird.
1861 J. Gould Monogr. Trochilidæ III. Pl. 178 Pterophanes Temmincki. Temminck's Sapphire~wing.
1960 Guardian 26 Aug. 6/4 A generously wide sapphire mink stole.
1974 Genetika 12 ii. 109 The interactions between genes are demonstrated to result in a significant rearrangement of cells and the development of a new pigmentation type in sapphire minks.
1976 S. Wales Echo 25 Nov. 22/7 (advt.) Full-length Sapphire Mink, £850.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a.
sapphire-blaze n.
ΚΠ
1757 T. Gray Ode I iii. ii, in Odes 10 The living Throne, the sapphire-blaze, Where Angels tremble, while they gaze.
sapphire-blue n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [noun] > bright blue
sapphire huec1430
sapphire colour1477
sapphire1686
sapphire-blue1782
halcyon blue1787
kingfisher blue1878
new blue1897
the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [adjective] > bright blue
sapphirine1413
sapphire1433
sapphire-hued1446
sapphire-coloureda1586
sapphiric1605
sapphire-blue1782
electric blue1877
pirate blue1896
kingfisher blue1915
halcyon blue1922
blue-brilliant1923
1782 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds I. 775 The fore part of the neck and breast are of a rich sapphire blue.
1798 C. Greville in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 88 420 I have some specimens of a sapphire-blue stone.
1885 A. Brassey In Trades 390 Another sea, of the deepest and clearest sapphire-blue.
sapphire colour n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [noun] > bright blue
sapphire huec1430
sapphire colour1477
sapphire1686
sapphire-blue1782
halcyon blue1787
kingfisher blue1878
new blue1897
1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy v, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 65 The Saphire Colour, that Orient Blewe.
sapphire crown n.
ΚΠ
1637 J. Milton Comus 2 And gives them leave to weare their Saphire crowns.
sapphire hue n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [noun] > bright blue
sapphire huec1430
sapphire colour1477
sapphire1686
sapphire-blue1782
halcyon blue1787
kingfisher blue1878
new blue1897
c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 8 They had on bawderykys alle of saffer hewe.
sapphire jewel n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > corundum gemstones > [noun] > sapphire
jacinthc1230
sapphirea1272
sapphire stone1382
hyacinth1553
hyacine1590
sapphire jewel1613
hyacinth-stone-
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 578 He wore about his necke a saphire jewel.
sapphire ring n.
ΚΠ
1634–5 in Anc. Invent. (Halliw.) 6 One Sapphire ringe.
sapphire throne n.
ΚΠ
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 758 A Saphir Throne, inlaid with pure Amber. View more context for this quotation
1747 W. Collins Odes 16 Himself..plac'd her on his Saphire Throne.
b. (In sense 1f.)
sapphire needle n.
ΚΠ
1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 740/1 Sapphire needle.
1943 Gramophone Dec. 107/2 In the last two years of manufacture of radiograms in this country practically all of them came thru with sapphire needles as standard equipment.
sapphire point n.
ΚΠ
1899 T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Spring–Summer 191 Graphophone Supplies... Recorder, with sapphire point, $5.00. Reproducer, with sapphire point, $5.00.
1972 Country Life 28 Dec. 1777 We..listened avidly to Mr Alfred Heather's rendering of I'll sing thee songs of Araby on our sapphire-point Pathé gramophone.
sapphire stylus n.
ΚΠ
1947 Gramophone Oct. 74/1 This..has the..replaceable sapphire stylus, for which the makers claim 1,000 playings before replacement is necessary.
1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XVII. 54/1 When, between 1933 and 1935, attempts were made to use sapphire styli with electrical pickups weighing 50 to 150 grams.., record wear was found to be excessive.
c.
sapphire-coloured adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [adjective] > bright blue
sapphirine1413
sapphire1433
sapphire-hued1446
sapphire-coloureda1586
sapphiric1605
sapphire-blue1782
electric blue1877
pirate blue1896
kingfisher blue1915
halcyon blue1922
blue-brilliant1923
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xi. sig. V8v There fall those Saphir-coloured brookes.
1645 J. Milton At Solemn Musick in Poems 22 That undisturbed Song of pure content, Ay sung before the saphire-colour'd throne.
sapphire-hued adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [adjective] > bright blue
sapphirine1413
sapphire1433
sapphire-hued1446
sapphire-coloureda1586
sapphiric1605
sapphire-blue1782
electric blue1877
pirate blue1896
kingfisher blue1915
halcyon blue1922
blue-brilliant1923
1446 J. Lydgate Two Nightingale Poems ii. 2 Towardes Even the Saphyre~huwed sky Was westward meynt with many Rowes Rede.
sapphire-shot n.
ΚΠ
1883 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 95 Yet such a sapphire-shot, Charged, steepèd sky will not Stain light.
sapphire visaged adj.
ΚΠ
a1593 C. Marlowe Hero & Leander (1598) ii. sig. Divv The saphir visag'd god.
C2.
† sapphire loop n. Obsolete (see loop n.4 2).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > corundum gemstones > [noun] > sapphire > imperfect
sapphire loopc1400
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xiv. 160 Of the Saphire Loupe, and of many other Stones.
1545 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 228 A flower of golde diverslie enamylede, with a rubie, a saphire lupe and a perle.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxxx In the vppermost Rose, was a faire Saphier loupe perced.
sapphire quartz n. a rare indigo-blue variety of quartz; = siderite n.1 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > rock crystal > [noun] > sapphire-quartz
water sapphire1788
siderite1808
sapphire quartz1868
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > tectosilicate > [noun] > quartz > other quartzes
sinople1794
white acre1796
iron flint1804
siderite1808
gold quartz1850
hyalomicte1853
sapphire quartz1868
cotterite1877
coesite1954
capped quartz-
1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 193 Siderite, or Sapphire~quartz. Of indigo or Berlin-blue color.
1904 L. J. Spencer tr. M. Bauer Precious Stones 488 Sapphire-quartz (azure~quartz or siderite) is a blue, crystalline quartz... It is used to a very small extent and is correspondingly low in price.
1971 Country Life 3 June 1382/3 Quartz, however, may be variously tinted:..sapphire quartz—blue; [etc.].
sapphire stone n. = sense 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > corundum gemstones > [noun] > sapphire
jacinthc1230
sapphirea1272
sapphire stone1382
hyacinth1553
hyacine1590
sapphire jewel1613
hyacinth-stone-
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxiv. 10 As a werk of a saphire stoon.
c1820 S. Rogers Italy (1839) 6 The lake Blue as a sapphire-stone.

Draft additions September 2020

sapphire glass n. (a) decorative glass that has been coloured blue, typically by the addition of cobalt or other substances; (b) a very hard, colourless glass made from synthetic sapphire (fused aluminium oxide).
ΚΠ
1847 R. Hendrie tr. Theophilus Ess. Var. Arts 165 (heading) Of sapphire glass.
1932 Country Life 3 Dec. p. xli/1 (advt.) The most perfect wristwatch ever produced... Synthetic sapphire glass—practically unbreakable.
1957 Art Bull. 39 224/1 Suger gives an elaborate account of his sumptuous and ‘most sacred windows’, including those of sapphire glass.
2005 Stuff Aug. 149/1 The four timepieces in the range..are stainless steel, have automatic movement, are water resistant up to 100m and have anti-reflection sapphire glass.
2019 @ohmyfind 24 Sept. in twitter.com (accessed 29 Apr. 2020) A surround display 5G concept smartphone..made from Titanium alloy, Ceramic and a single piece of Sapphire Glass launched.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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