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单词 sac
释义

sacn.1

Forms: Old English saca, Middle English sacha, sache, Middle English, 1500s sak, Middle English, 1600s sake, Middle English, 1600s sack, (Middle English saca, sacke), 1600s– sac.
Etymology: representing Old English saca , accusative and genitive plural of sacu strong feminine, dispute, case at law, litigation, crime (see sake n.1), as occurring in the 11th cent. phrases saca and sócne habban (gifan) ‘to have (give) sac and soke’, saca and sócne wyrðe, ‘worthy of sac and soke’. As both words occur in Scandinavian (Old Icelandic sǫk, sókn), it is not unlikely that the alliterative formula may be of Danish origin, though it has not actually been found in Scandinavian law-books.
Anglo-Saxon Law.
Principally in sac and soc (or soke), a modernized form of the expression (see above) used in charters from the reign of Cnut onward to denote certain rights of jurisdiction which by custom belonged to the lord of a manor, and which were specified (along with others) as included in the grant of a manor by the crown.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal power > [noun] > right of dealing with matters judicially
sokena1012
sac1020
soca1272
cognition1523
cognizance1523
conusance1523
soke1598
cognoscence1612
1020 in Earle Land Charters (1888) 233 Ic cyðe eow þæt ic hæbbe geunnen him þæt he beo his saca & socne wyrðe, & griðbryces & hamsocne & forstealles & infangenes þeofes.
a1066 in Earle Land Charters (1888) 343 Ic cyðe eow ðæt ic habbe gegeofen Criste..and Ælfwine abbod into Ramesege saca and socna, tol and team, and infangenðeof.
1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 280 v/1 [Phillimore: Notts. (Shire Customs) S. 4] Si tainus habens sacam & socam forisfecerit terram suam.
12.. Laws Edw. Conf. c. 22 Quid sit soche, et sache, et tol, et theam, et infangenthef.
1290 Rolls of Parl. I. 15/1 Teneant predictas villas.., cum Sacha & Socha, Thol & Them [etc.].
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 95 Sake: (a Frensche, court justice forfet ou achesoun).
c1460 tr. Charter of Hen. I c1130 in Oseney Regr. 9 Sake and soc, tol and teme, and infangenethefe.
c1460 Oseney Regr. 10 [explanation of terms] Sacke ys pleys and amendys of mysdoynges of your men in your courte, for sacke in Englysh is cheson in frensh,..and sacke also is a forfete.
1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 244 The priviledge called Sake is for a man to have the amerciaments of his tenants in his owne Court.
a1657 W. Mure Hist. Rowallane in Wks. (1898) II. 241 The Mures..were possessours of the estate & lieveing of Rowallane..infeft cum furca et fossa, sock et sack, thole et theam, infang theif et outfang theif.
1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. v. §47 There existed..side by side with the hundreds and wapentakes, large franchises or liberties in which the jurisdiction..was vested in private hands. The particular rights thus exercised were termed sac and soc.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

sacn.2

Brit. /sak/, U.S. /sæk/
Etymology: < French sac or < Latin saccus (see sack n.1) in modern Latin applications.
1. Biology. Any natural bag-like cavity with its membranous covering in an animal or vegetable organism.
a. in animal bodies. laryngeal sacs [modern Latin sacculi laryngis] , membranous pouches connected with the larynx, for the reception of air.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > internal organs > [noun] > of specific shape or formation
pocketa1450
cystis1543
vesike1577
vesicle1578
belly1594
ventricle1641
vesicula1705
pouch1712
cyst1721
sac1741
leaflet1826
calyx1828
node1892
the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > indentation or cavity > [noun] > depression or cavity
pita1275
holec1300
cella1398
den1398
follicle?a1425
purse?a1425
pocketa1450
fossac1475
cystis1543
trench1565
conceptory1576
vesike1577
vesicle1578
vault1594
socket1601
bladderet1615
cistern1615
cavern1626
ventricle1641
bladder1661
antrum1684
conceptaculum1691
capsule1693
cellule1694
loculus1694
sinus1704
vesicula1705
vesica1706
fosse1710
pouch1712
cyst1721
air chamber1725
fossula1733
alveole1739
sac1741
sacculus1749
locule1751
compartment1772
air cell1774
fossule1803
umbilicus1811
conceptacle1819
cœlia1820
utricle1822
air sac1835
saccule1836
ampulla1845
vacuole1853
scrobicule1880
faveolus1882
1741 A. Monro Anat. Nerves 77 in Anat. Human Bones (ed. 3) The Lacteal Sac..is contracted into a slender..Pipe.
1780 W. Blizard in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 70 239 The internal surface of the lachrymal sac.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 205 The castor used in medicine is found in sacs formed behind the kidneys [in the beaver].
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 725 A small spot is discernible upon the yolk, composed of a membraneous sac containing fluid matter in which the embryo of the future chick swims.
1851 T. Wright & G. F. Richardson Introd. Geol. (new ed.) viii. 224 In the sea-star, the stomach is a capacious sac.
1854 J. S. Bushnan in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 143 In the monkeys of the old continent there are also laryngeal sacs.
1875 W. Houghton Sketches Brit. Insects 140 The female beetle makes a pear-shaped flexible bag of silk, in which she encloses her eggs; the sac is attached to some water weed.
1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 55 The air-sacs appended to certain bronchi are nine in number.
1897 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon (at cited word) Fœtal, gestation sac,..the sac in which an embryo is enclosed in cases of extra-uterine pregnancy.
b. in plants.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > [noun] > bag- or bottle-like part
purse?a1425
vesicle1670
vesicula1705
utricle1731
utriculus1753
bladder1777
sac1830
utricule1830
urceolus1832
pocket1862
1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 173 The embryo has no kind of vascular connexion with the sac that contains it.
1879 J. Lubbock Sci. Lect. i. 5 Utricularia, an aquatic species [of Venus's Fly-trap Dionæa Muscipula], bears a number of utricles or sacs.
2. Pathology. A pouch formed by the morbid dilatation of a part, the membranous envelope of a hernia, cyst, tumour, etc. [Compare hernial sac at hernial adj.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > cyst
wenc1000
crop1599
steatoma1599
hydatid1683
atheroma1706
cyst1731
sac1802
hygroma1813
galactocele1850
dacryops1857
ovule of Naboth1857
hydatid of Morgagni1858
thrombocyst1860
monocyst1869
cystoid1872
cystoma1876
sarcocyst1892
Baker's cyst1893
milk thrombus1895
sweat-cyst1898
tubulocystc1900
sweat vesicle1901
seroma1919
macrocyst1953
macrocyst1980
1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 40 In consequence of the distension..a sac or pouch is usually formed, in which the food lodges.
1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 210 It [the blood] could be entirely expressed from the aneurismal sac.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 243 The same change follows the repeated tappings of the sacs.
3. Used occasionally for: A bag.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > bag > [noun]
fetlesc893
pougheOE
codOE
bag?c1225
pokec1300
scripc1300
swag1303
pocket1350
pursec1390
sacketc1440
skyrsaya1500
scrippagea1616
sac1814
savoy bag1854
keister1882
sack1904
1814 M. Birkbeck Notes Journey through France 18 In three days the same postillion left our sac at the hotel unopened, not an article missing.
1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times xi. 339 [Among the Hottentots] milk is kept in leathern sacs.

Compounds

C1. sac-bearing, sac-like adjs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > [adjective] > concave > like specific object
camois1664
pouch-likea1676
scaphoidal1681
spoon-likea1686
umbilicated1693
umbilicate1698
saucer-shaped1753
boat-shaped1760
pouchy1786
cupped1796
urn-shaped1796
naviform1816
spoon-shaped1817
urn-like1826
vase-shaped1832
bag-shaped1836
basin-like1836
trough-like1839
urceiform1840
vase-like1840
saucered1847
bag-like1849
sac-like1849
pouch-shaped1854
basin-shaped1859
trough-shaped1871
bucketed1886
spooned1890
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > [adjective] > having a sac
sac-bearing1888
1849 Sketches Nat. Hist.: Mammalia III. 186 The hood or sac-like appendage of the head.
1888 Catholic Househ. 30 June 13 Sac-bearing spiders.
C2.
sac-winged bat n. a South American bat belonging to the genus Saccopteryx or closely related genera of the family Emballonuridæ, distinguished by the pouch-like scent gland found in the wing membrane of the males.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > order Chiroptera or bat > [noun] > suborder Microchiroptera > family Emballonuridae (sheath-tailed bat)
tomb bat1874
mountain bat1877
sac-winged bat1891
1891 W. S. Dallas in P. M. Duncan Cassell's Nat. Hist. I. v. 313 The Striped Sack-winged Bat [sic] is rather a small species.
1939 G. M. Allen Bats ix. 139 Still more remarkable..are the South American sac-winged bats,..in which a large pouchlike gland is present in the membrane that extends from the fore shoulder to the wrist.
1964 E. P. Walker et al. Mammals of World I. 235/1 Sac-winged bats generally roost in groups of 3 to 30 individuals.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

sacsacchn.3

Brit. /sak/, U.S. /sæk/
Etymology: Abbreviation of saccharine adj. and n.
slang.
A saccharine tablet.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > synthetic sweeteners
saccharin1885
dulcin1893
artificial sweetener1895
Saxin1897
sac1961
aspartame1973
1961 E. Partridge Dict. Slang (ed. 5) II. 1257/1 Sac, a saccharine tablet: coll. (domestic, and small traders'): heard in 1917, but not gen. until 1942.
1968 E. Trevor Place for Wicked vi. 79 Sacchs. You couldn't get them down there.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1982; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

sacn.4

Brit. /sak/, U.S. /sæk/
Etymology: Abbreviation of sacrifice n.
Chess colloquial.
= sacrifice n. 5c.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > strategy > specific strategies or tactics
unpinning1607
defence1614
fork1656
attack1733
backgame1750
castling1813
exchange1823
pin1868
fringe-variation1898
fidation1910
sacrifice1915
unpin1922
pawn storm1926
Siesta variation1935
liquidation1965
sac1965
1965 Chess Life Nov. 249/1 A careful study of the position after the ‘sac’ shows that White will win the opponent's Queen in return.
1977 Guardian Weekly 4 Dec. 23/4 A positional pawn sac to take the initiative.
1977 Guardian Weekly 4 Dec. 23/5 The queen sac is not hard to find.
1986 Christian Sci. Monitor 5 Feb. 30/3 I had been preparing this sac for the past couple of moves.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1993; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> as lemmas

S.A.C.
S.A.C. n. senior aircraftman.
Π
1952 R.A.F. Rev. Jan. 11/1 Under the New Trade Structure I am now expected to pass a SAC board to qualify as a Corporal and gain the increase in pay.
1970 Athanian 1 Apr. 31/1 The club is an ‘All Ranks’ affair ranging from an S.A.C. to a Sqn Ldr.
extracted from Sn.1
SAC
SAC n. U.S. Strategic Air Command.
ΚΠ
1947 Army & Navy Bull. 1 Feb. 8/3 General St. Clair Streett, SAC Deputy Commander since its activation last March, received a new assignment in the War Department.
1958 Times 8 May 11/6 Right now, therefore, the S.A.C. crew in a S.A.C. plane is the west's number one deterrent to the Kremlin.
1974 Publishers Weekly 16 Dec. 22 (advt.) H. Bruce Franklin, Melville Scholar, former SAC officer, and tugboat mate.
extracted from Sn.1
<
n.11020n.21741n.31961n.41965
as lemmas
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