sainv.

/seɪn/

Forms: Old English segnian, sénian, sægnian, Middle English seinian, Middle English seyne, Middle English–1500s sayn(e, 1700s–1800s sein, 1600s Scottish sene, Middle English–1600s saine, Middle English–1800s sane, Middle English– sain; past tense Middle English saynned; past participle 1700s saint.

Etymology: Old English segnian = Old Saxon segnon (Middle Dutch zechenen , Dutch zegenen ), Old High German seganôn (Middle High German segenen , modern German segnen to bless), Old Norse signa to sign with the cross, bless (Swedish signa , Danish signe to bless); < Latin signāre to sign (in ecclesiastical use to sign with the cross), < signum sign n., whence Old English segn sign, banner, Middle Low German segen, Middle Dutch zeghen sign of the cross, blessing (Dutch zegen blessing), Old High German segan sign of the cross (Middle High German, modern German segen blessing).

Now archaic and dialect.

a. transitive. To make the sign of the cross on (a thing or person) in token of consecration or blessing; or for the purpose of exorcizing a demon, warding off the evil influences of witches, poison, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > exorcism > perform exorcism [verb (transitive)] > make sign of cross for purposes of

saina900

society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (transitive)] > make the sign of the cross > make the sign of the cross on

saina900

blessc950

markOE

croucha1225

croise?c1225

signc1300

crossc1430

bemark1544

becross1565

society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (transitive)] > make the sign of the cross > make the sign of the cross on > by way of protection or exorcism

saina1400

a900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) v. v. §2 396 Þa sang he orationes ofer hiene & hiene geblætsade & gesægnade [L. dixit orationem, ac benedixit eum].

c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints iii. 114 Þa stod se hælend..and mid his halgum handum husel senode.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 127 We sculen ure forheafod..mid þere halie rode tacne seinian.

a1400 St. John Evang. 228 in Horstmann Altengl. Leg. (1881) 471 Þou..saynede þe coppe [of poison] swetely and suppede it off syne: Thow hade no harme.

c1480 (a1400) St. Machor 599 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 18 With þat þe cop in hand tuk he, & sanyt It dewotly.

1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 215 Quhen that the schip was saynit and vndir saile, Foul brow, in holl thou preposit for to pas.

1575–6 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 272 Then the said Umphray saynd the said Thomas and corssed hym, and spyttyd, and said, ‘Away, devill’, many tymes.

1701 J. Brand Brief Descr. Orkney, Zetland 62 Especially on Hallow-Even, they use to sein or sign their Boats and put a Cross of Tar upon them... Their Houses also some use then to sein.

1802 W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border II. 179 (note) Many of the vulgar account it extremely dangerous to touch any thing, which they may happen to find, without saining (blessing) it, the snares of the enemy being notorious and well attested.

1887 W. Stokes tr. Tripartite Life Patrick 37 Patrick sained [Irish senais] the earth and it swallowed up the wizard.

1887 W. Stokes tr. Tripartite Life Patrick 111 Patrick sained their hands, and their hands grew stiff.

b. reflexive. To cross (oneself).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (reflexive)] > make the sign of the cross

saina900

signc1475

bless1653

a900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iv. xxv. §5 348 & þa him gebæd & hine gesegnode mid Cristes rode tacne.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 456 Þanne sat sleuthe vp and seyned hym swithe [v.r. to A. v. 229 seynide hyme faste], And made avowe to-fore god for his foule sleuthe.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7986 He..Bitaght him þan to godd at kepe, And sanid [Fairf. sayned] him and fel on-slepe.

?a1400 Morte Arth. 966 Thow saynned the vnsekyrly to seke to þese mountez.

c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 521 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 22 Sanct petir sowne com in hy, and sanyt hym with þe Rycht hand.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin iv. 66 And she lifte vp hir hande, and hir sayned [printed fayned], and seide, ‘A mercy god!’

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 52 I sane me as I war ane sanct.

1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Confession in Catech. 15 Needful alsua is it..to saine ws aft, putting beffoir our eyes Christ Iesus crucifide.

1728 A. Ramsay Monk & Miller's Wife 159 Bess sain'd herself, cry'd ‘Lord, be here!’

1778 A. Ross Helenore (ed. 2) 72 She—frae the ill o't sain'd her o'er and o'er.

1788 A. Shirrefs Poems (1790) 332 She'd raise her hands, and sain hersel', And think you on the road to Hell.

1828 J. Ruddiman Tales & Sketches 62 I sained mysel' thrice this morning before I had seen the face o' man.

†c. intransitive for reflexive. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (intransitive)] > make the sign of the cross

sainc1440

bless1550

c1440 Alphabet of Tales 7 Þan þis monke saynyd for mervell & said, ‘sur, whi say ye so?’

1571 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxviii. 24 And with that word I went sum thing abak, And bad say on, and, with God saif me, sanit.

a. transitive. To bless.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > holiness > consecration > blessing > perform blessing [verb (transitive)]

blessc1000

saina1300

sacrec1380

a1300 E.E. Psalter lxii. 5 Swa sal I saine þe in life mine.

a1400 Sir Perc. 287 So Criste mote me sayne.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 746 Now sayned be þou sauiour.

c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 6080 And with his goddis he hem sayned, And bad hem gon In here name.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 40 Sum sanis the Sait, and sum thame cursis.

1616 T. Scot Philomythie sig. ¶¶ Against wise vigilant Statists, who like Ianus, Looke both waies squint, & both waies guard and save [1616 (ed. 2) printed sane] vs.

1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 120 God sain your Eye, Man. Spoken when you commend a Thing without blessing it.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iv, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 88 God sain us.

1824 Ld. Byron Beware! Beware vi, in Don Juan: Canto XVI 84 Heaven sain him! fair or foul.

1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. ii. vii. 101 Mary sain us!

1898 N. Munro John Splendid ii. 19 Blow, present, God sain Mackay's soul!

b. esp. in collocation with save.

ΚΠ

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iv. 51 Go now—God the faif [read saif] and sayne!

1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. at Sane Hence Scot. Bor. the expression, God safe you and sane you.

a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) I. 146 Mary, Mother, sain and save!

1842 R. Browning In a Gondola in Bells & Pomegranates No. III: Dramatic Lyrics They trail me, these three godless knaves, Past every church that sains and saves.

1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders xl. 336 Guid save us an' sain us! I like not this day.

c. apparently associated by some modern writers with Latin sānāre to heal (see sane v.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > heal or cure [verb (transitive)]

lechnec900

helpc950

beetc975

healc1000

temperc1000

leechc1175

amendc1300

halec1330

soundc1374

sanec1386

warishc1386

defenda1400

rectifya1400

salve1411

lokenc1425

redress?c1425

recure?a1439

guarish1474

cure1526

medify1543

recover1548

resanate1599

sanate1623

sain1832

1832 J. H. Newman Lyra Apost. xxvii, in Brit. Mag. Aug. 158 As if such shapes and moods, which come and go, Had aught of Truth or Life in their poor show, To sway or judge, and skill to sain or wound.

1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xiv. 22 There flowers no balm to sain him.

3. transitive. To secure by prayer or enchantment from evil influence. Cf. bless v.¹ 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > by supernatural means

blessc1175

saina1598

a1598 D. Fergusson Sc. Prov. (1641) sig. E3^v Saine you weill fra the devill and the Lairds bairns.

1691 R. Kirk Secret Commonw. (1815) i. 3 Who..have made it a Custome..to keep Church duely evry first Sunday of the Quarter to sene or hallow themselves,..from the Shots and Stealth of these wandring Tribes.

1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 288 Sain your self from the Dee'l and the Laird's Bairns.

1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 6 The jizzen-bed wi' rantree leaves was sain'd.

1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. ii. ix. 123 While angels..Will sain us from the roaming adversary With scents of Paradise.

Derivatives

† sained adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. vi. 63 And thou [sc. Jacob] shal full well saynyd be.

1780 Archie O Cawfield xxxvii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 488/2 For the man had needs to be well saint That comes thro the hands o Dicky Ha.

ˈsaining n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > other practices > [noun] > sign of the cross > making

saining?a1513

crossing1530

consignation1537

blessing1550

signing1572

a1513 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen in Poems (1998) I. 43 Thair ma na sanyne me save fra that auld Sathane.

1593 J. Napier Plaine Discouery Reuelation St. Iohn i. xxxi. 58 Beside their daylie crossings with their right hande on their fore-heads, which they cal saning.

1888 B. Edmondston & J. M. E. Saxby Home of Naturalist 214 Jaimie instantly turned back, for he knew that they had power at such times, and the saining might be neglected.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	sain
释义	sainv. /seɪn/ Forms: Old English segnian, sénian, sægnian, Middle English seinian, Middle English seyne, Middle English–1500s sayn(e, 1700s–1800s sein, 1600s Scottish sene, Middle English–1600s saine, Middle English–1800s sane, Middle English– sain; past tense Middle English saynned; past participle 1700s saint. Etymology: Old English segnian = Old Saxon segnon (Middle Dutch zechenen , Dutch zegenen ), Old High German seganôn (Middle High German segenen , modern German segnen to bless), Old Norse signa to sign with the cross, bless (Swedish signa , Danish signe to bless); < Latin signāre to sign (in ecclesiastical use to sign with the cross), < signum sign n., whence Old English segn sign, banner, Middle Low German segen, Middle Dutch zeghen sign of the cross, blessing (Dutch zegen blessing), Old High German segan sign of the cross (Middle High German, modern German segen blessing). Now archaic and dialect. 1. a. transitive. To make the sign of the cross on (a thing or person) in token of consecration or blessing; or for the purpose of exorcizing a demon, warding off the evil influences of witches, poison, etc. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > exorcism > perform exorcism [verb (transitive)] > make sign of cross for purposes of saina900 society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (transitive)] > make the sign of the cross > make the sign of the cross on saina900 blessc950 markOE croucha1225 croise?c1225 signc1300 crossc1430 bemark1544 becross1565 society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (transitive)] > make the sign of the cross > make the sign of the cross on > by way of protection or exorcism saina1400 a900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) v. v. §2 396 Þa sang he orationes ofer hiene & hiene geblætsade & gesægnade [L. dixit orationem, ac benedixit eum]. c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints iii. 114 Þa stod se hælend..and mid his halgum handum husel senode. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 127 We sculen ure forheafod..mid þere halie rode tacne seinian. a1400 St. John Evang. 228 in Horstmann Altengl. Leg. (1881) 471 Þou..saynede þe coppe [of poison] swetely and suppede it off syne: Thow hade no harme. c1480 (a1400) St. Machor 599 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 18 With þat þe cop in hand tuk he, & sanyt It dewotly. 1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 215 Quhen that the schip was saynit and vndir saile, Foul brow, in holl thou preposit for to pas. 1575–6 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 272 Then the said Umphray saynd the said Thomas and corssed hym, and spyttyd, and said, ‘Away, devill’, many tymes. 1701 J. Brand Brief Descr. Orkney, Zetland 62 Especially on Hallow-Even, they use to sein or sign their Boats and put a Cross of Tar upon them... Their Houses also some use then to sein. 1802 W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border II. 179 (note) Many of the vulgar account it extremely dangerous to touch any thing, which they may happen to find, without saining (blessing) it, the snares of the enemy being notorious and well attested. 1887 W. Stokes tr. Tripartite Life Patrick 37 Patrick sained [Irish senais] the earth and it swallowed up the wizard. 1887 W. Stokes tr. Tripartite Life Patrick 111 Patrick sained their hands, and their hands grew stiff. b. reflexive. To cross (oneself). ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (reflexive)] > make the sign of the cross saina900 signc1475 bless1653 a900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iv. xxv. §5 348 & þa him gebæd & hine gesegnode mid Cristes rode tacne. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 456 Þanne sat sleuthe vp and seyned hym swithe [v.r. to A. v. 229 seynide hyme faste], And made avowe to-fore god for his foule sleuthe. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7986 He..Bitaght him þan to godd at kepe, And sanid [Fairf. sayned] him and fel on-slepe. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 966 Thow saynned the vnsekyrly to seke to þese mountez. c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 521 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 22 Sanct petir sowne com in hy, and sanyt hym with þe Rycht hand. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin iv. 66 And she lifte vp hir hande, and hir sayned [printed fayned], and seide, ‘A mercy god!’ ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 52 I sane me as I war ane sanct. 1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Confession in Catech. 15 Needful alsua is it..to saine ws aft, putting beffoir our eyes Christ Iesus crucifide. 1728 A. Ramsay Monk & Miller's Wife 159 Bess sain'd herself, cry'd ‘Lord, be here!’ 1778 A. Ross Helenore (ed. 2) 72 She—frae the ill o't sain'd her o'er and o'er. 1788 A. Shirrefs Poems (1790) 332 She'd raise her hands, and sain hersel', And think you on the road to Hell. 1828 J. Ruddiman Tales & Sketches 62 I sained mysel' thrice this morning before I had seen the face o' man. †c. intransitive for reflexive. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (intransitive)] > make the sign of the cross sainc1440 bless1550 c1440 Alphabet of Tales 7 Þan þis monke saynyd for mervell & said, ‘sur, whi say ye so?’ 1571 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxviii. 24 And with that word I went sum thing abak, And bad say on, and, with God saif me, sanit. 2. a. transitive. To bless. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > holiness > consecration > blessing > perform blessing [verb (transitive)] blessc1000 saina1300 sacrec1380 a1300 E.E. Psalter lxii. 5 Swa sal I saine þe in life mine. a1400 Sir Perc. 287 So Criste mote me sayne. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 746 Now sayned be þou sauiour. c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 6080 And with his goddis he hem sayned, And bad hem gon In here name. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 40 Sum sanis the Sait, and sum thame cursis. 1616 T. Scot Philomythie sig. ¶¶ Against wise vigilant Statists, who like Ianus, Looke both waies squint, & both waies guard and save [1616 (ed. 2) printed sane] vs. 1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 120 God sain your Eye, Man. Spoken when you commend a Thing without blessing it. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iv, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 88 God sain us. 1824 Ld. Byron Beware! Beware vi, in Don Juan: Canto XVI 84 Heaven sain him! fair or foul. 1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. ii. vii. 101 Mary sain us! 1898 N. Munro John Splendid ii. 19 Blow, present, God sain Mackay's soul! b. esp. in collocation with save. ΚΠ a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iv. 51 Go now—God the faif [read saif] and sayne! 1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. at Sane Hence Scot. Bor. the expression, God safe you and sane you. a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) I. 146 Mary, Mother, sain and save! 1842 R. Browning In a Gondola in Bells & Pomegranates No. III: Dramatic Lyrics They trail me, these three godless knaves, Past every church that sains and saves. 1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders xl. 336 Guid save us an' sain us! I like not this day. c. apparently associated by some modern writers with Latin sānāre to heal (see sane v.). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > heal or cure [verb (transitive)] lechnec900 helpc950 beetc975 healc1000 temperc1000 leechc1175 amendc1300 halec1330 soundc1374 sanec1386 warishc1386 defenda1400 rectifya1400 salve1411 lokenc1425 redress?c1425 recure?a1439 guarish1474 cure1526 medify1543 recover1548 resanate1599 sanate1623 sain1832 1832 J. H. Newman Lyra Apost. xxvii, in Brit. Mag. Aug. 158 As if such shapes and moods, which come and go, Had aught of Truth or Life in their poor show, To sway or judge, and skill to sain or wound. 1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xiv. 22 There flowers no balm to sain him. 3. transitive. To secure by prayer or enchantment from evil influence. Cf. bless v.¹ 3. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > by supernatural means blessc1175 saina1598 a1598 D. Fergusson Sc. Prov. (1641) sig. E3^v Saine you weill fra the devill and the Lairds bairns. 1691 R. Kirk Secret Commonw. (1815) i. 3 Who..have made it a Custome..to keep Church duely evry first Sunday of the Quarter to sene or hallow themselves,..from the Shots and Stealth of these wandring Tribes. 1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 288 Sain your self from the Dee'l and the Laird's Bairns. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 6 The jizzen-bed wi' rantree leaves was sain'd. 1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. ii. ix. 123 While angels..Will sain us from the roaming adversary With scents of Paradise. Derivatives † sained adj. Obsolete ΚΠ a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. vi. 63 And thou [sc. Jacob] shal full well saynyd be. 1780 Archie O Cawfield xxxvii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 488/2 For the man had needs to be well saint That comes thro the hands o Dicky Ha. ˈsaining n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > other practices > [noun] > sign of the cross > making saining?a1513 crossing1530 consignation1537 blessing1550 signing1572 a1513 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen in Poems (1998) I. 43 Thair ma na sanyne me save fra that auld Sathane. 1593 J. Napier Plaine Discouery Reuelation St. Iohn i. xxxi. 58 Beside their daylie crossings with their right hande on their fore-heads, which they cal saning. 1888 B. Edmondston & J. M. E. Saxby Home of Naturalist 214 Jaimie instantly turned back, for he knew that they had power at such times, and the saining might be neglected. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < v.a900
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