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单词 sail
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sailn.1

Brit. /seɪl/, U.S. /seɪl/
Forms: Old English segel, segl, Middle English sæil(e, Middle English seil, Middle English seile, seyle, Middle English–1600s sayle, Middle English–1700s saile, Middle English seille, seyll(e, Middle English seyl, Middle English–1600s sayl, Middle English–1700s sale, Middle English ceyle, seylle, Middle English–1500s saill(e, sayll(e, 1500s sal, saule, Middle English– sail.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English seg(e)l neuter (and masculine), corresponding to Old Saxon segel (Middle Low German segel, Middle Dutch zeghel, zeil, Dutch zeil), Old High German segal, segil (Middle High German, modern German segel), Old Norse segl (Swedish segel, Danish seil) < Germanic *seglom. The ulterior origin is obscure. No certainly equivalent form is known outside Germanic, and the only known root of the form *seg- ( < Indogermanic *segh-) has only the senses ‘to hold, have, conquer’, which do not satisfactorily account for the meaning of the word. Some scholars refer the word to the root *sek- (Germanic *seh-), to cut, taking it to mean a piece of cloth cut to shape.
1.
a. One of the shaped pieces of canvas or other strong textile material fastened to the masts, spars or stays of a vessel, so as to catch the wind and cause it to move through the water. Also occasionally a similar apparatus for propelling a wind-driven carriage.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun]
sailc888
clothc1400
veila1425
clout1591
wing1600
sheet1637
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xli. §3 Hæt fealdan þæt segl & eac hwilum lecgan þone mæst.
a900 OE. Martyrol. 4 Mar. 34 Ferað nu swa swa eowre seglas sendon geseted.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 553 Heo rærden heora mastes. heo wunden up seiles [c1300 Otho seyles].
c1290 Beket 1803 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 158 In þe schipes seile an heiȝ: þis holi man let do Ane Croiz, þat Man fer isaiȝ.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2828 Hor seiles hii spredeþ in þe se & hider hii comeþ iwis.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 24829 Þair sail þai sett up o þair scipp.
c1386 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale 346 I vndertake with-outen Mast and seyl Yet shal I sauen hire and thee and me.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 183 Schippes..wiþ seilles and wiþ oores.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 258 Thei gon withinne schipes bord, The Sail goth up, and forth thei strauhte.
c1440 [see sense 5].
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 692 Thai rasit salys but abaid.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ix. l. 177 The seymen than..Thair lynys kest and waytyt weyll the tyd, Leyt salys fall and has thar cours ynom.
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xxxiv. 127 They made to take vp the ancres & to hale vp their saylles.
1506 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1901) III. 295 Item..for jcxiiij elne cammes to the schip callit the Mergreit for hir sales..summa v li. xj s. viiij d.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 268/2 Seyle of a shyppe, uoille.
1533 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 165 For xij elnis canves to mend hir saulis.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 242 He drewe vp the sayles and came with a quarter winde to haue the vauntage of the sonne.
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xxxiii. 23 Thy tacklings are loosed..they could not spread the saile . View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 439 The barren plaines Of Sericana, where Chineses drive With Sails and Wind thir canie Waggons light. View more context for this quotation
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. 17 Now the Sail is furled, and you have the Ship in all her low Sails.
1768 T. Gray Triumphs of Owen in Poems 103 The Norman sails afar Catch the winds.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam cxiii. 178 The flocks are whiter down the vale, And milkier every milky sail On winding stream or distant sea. View more context for this quotation
c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 20 What is meant by small sails? Topgallant sails and royals, topmast, topgallant, and lower studding sails.
c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 20 What are meant by storm sails? Fore storm staysail and trysail, main staysail and trysail, and mizen trysail.
figurative.a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) sig. Nnij They lacke the reyne of knowlege, & the sayles of wisedome, & the ankers of experience.a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 63 Where Tullie doth set vp his saile of eloquence.a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) i. ii. 274 But tell the Dolphin, I will keepe my State, Be like a King, and shew my sayle of Greatnesse, When I do rowse me in my Throne of France.
b. transferred. Applied to the wing of a bird. poetic. Also technical in Falconry, the wing of a hawk.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > wing or wings
featherhama800
featherc850
pensa1382
sail1590
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > hawk > parts of > wing or part of
ply1575
sail1590
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. sig. Lv He [sc. the Dragon] cutting way With his broad sayles, about him soared round.
1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. D3 v To clippe the wings of a high touring Faulcon, who..wont..to looke with an amiable eye on her gray breast, and her speckled side sayles.
1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Sails, in Faulconry are the Wings of a Hawk.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake iii. 100 The mountain eagle..spread her dark sails on the wind.
c. transferred. Applied to something that is spread out like a sail, or that catches the wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > [noun] > spreading out > that which
spreader1600
sail1616
1616 T. Scot Philomythie sig. B5v The Pehen drest her selfe and spred her taile, The Turky-hen aduanc'd her spotted saile.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 56 The Fan of Bacchus, with the flying Sail . View more context for this quotation
1824 S. E. Ferrier Inheritance III. ii. 12 The drooping capes, arms, sails, and tails of his cloak were all in commotion.
†d. Aeronautics. Applied to a flat aerodynamically structured part of an aircraft. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > [noun] > plane or aerofoil
sail1808
plane1809
deck1843
surface1843
aeroplane1866
aerocurve1894
airplane1896
aerofoil1907
sustainer1908
airfoil1922
1808 G. Cayley Aeronaut. & Misc. Note-bk. (1933) 64 I tried a small square sail in one plane, with the weight nearly in the same, & I could not perceive that the centre & resistance differed from the centre of bulk.
1817 Philos. Mag. 50 35 The sketch..represents a side view of the arrangement of the moving and steering sails of a balloon on the wing plan.
1837 Mechanics' Mag. 26 421/2 From the hinder mast C a sail may be conveniently braced to either side, so as to act as a rudder, and thus preserve a steady course.
1902 F. Walker Aërial Navigation viii. 118 A head sail i and stern sails h, h1 had braces and halliards for steering... The sails h, h1 acted as aëroplanes as well as for steering purposes.
1903 F. Walker Pract. Kites & Aëroplanes ii. 25 The ‘leeches’, or free edges of the sails..are double-stitched around a leech-rope.
2.
a. Sails collectively. Also figurative. Often in phrases to carry, cross, crowd, hoist, lower, make, set, shorten, strike (etc.) sail, for which see also those verbs.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun] > collectively
sailc1385
canvas1609
linensa1640
cloth1651
white wings1778
clothing1798
muslin1822
sailage1889
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > support (an amount of) sail [verb (intransitive)]
to carry sail1592
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Cleopatra. 654 Fleth ek the queen, withal hire porpere sayl.
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 1426 I Rede, we take down sayle & Rowe.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccix The kynges shyp was good with sayle.
1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. v. sig. Piii It ought to have sufficed to have revoked and made hym cross saile from the pursute of so bad an adventure.
1592 W. Raleigh Sea-mans Triumph sig. B2v Night comminge on, they hulled almost the whole nighte, or carried very little saile.
1632 P. Massinger Emperour of East iv. ii. sig. H4 You carrie to much saile for your small barke.
1720 J. Burchett Compl. Hist. Trans. at Sea v. xiii. 641 The Adventure..stood away with all the Sail she could carry.
1806 A. Duncan Life Nelson 65 The Admiral..carried all sail.
1831 W. Scott Count Robert ii, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. I. 53 Every way qualified to bear me through the cross currents of the court by main pull of oar and press of sail.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxxi. 119 No one could say that he was slow to carry sail.
1853 M. Arnold Scholar Gipsy in Poems (new ed.) 215 [He] snatch'd his rudder, and shook out more sail.
1893 C. G. Leland Memoirs I. 155 Our captain was a handsome, dissipated, and ‘loud’ young man, with rather more sail than ballast, but good-natured and obliging.
1994 T. C. Gillmer Hist. Working Watercraft (ed. 2) vi. 217/1 The large ocean canoe of the Kwakiutl was highly decorated and in the late nineteenth century carried sail as well as the paddlers.
†b. transferred. See quot. 1759. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > wing or wings > expanse or extent of wings ( and tail)
clewa1618
sail1759
spread1794
1759 B. Stillingfleet tr. I. Biberg Oeconomy Nature in Misc. Tracts Nat. Hist. 97 As i have..weighed several kinds of birds, i shall here subjoyn a table..with the proportions of the weight to the sail. N.B. By sail i mean the extent of the wings and tail.
3. Phrases (senses 1, 2).
†a. to bear sail: said literally of a ship; hence figurative to be exalted, to be prosperous, also to bear a great, high or lofty sail. to bear (a) low sail, to be of low sail: to demean oneself humbly; to live at a modest rate; to cut down expenses. to live at a low sail: to live humbly. to pull down one's sail or sails: to moderate one's ambitions or one's scale of expenditure. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > be humble [verb (intransitive)]
lowc1175
to be of low sail1390
peep1736
to sing small1738
the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > be sparing or frugal [verb (intransitive)]
spelec1175
spare1377
to bear (a) low sail1548
to go near hand1592
to live at a low sail1602
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > restrained or moderate behaviour > behave with moderation or restraint [verb (intransitive)] > become moderate
to draw in (also shrink, pluck, pull in) one's hornsa1400
to pull down one's sail or sails1548
sober1820
sober1825
the world > action or operation > prosperity > prosper or flourish [verb (intransitive)]
theec888
i-thee971
bloomc1175
flower?c1225
soundfula1300
fructifya1325
timea1325
to bear the bloom1330
flourisha1340
prosperc1350
thrive?a1366
blossom1377
cheve1377
burgeona1382
likec1400
upthrivec1440
avail1523
fadge1573
to bear a great, high or lofty sail1587
blow1610
to be (also stand) in state1638
fatten1638
sagaciate1832
to be going strong1855
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 65 Bot whanne he berth lowest the Seil, Thanne is he swiftest to beguile The womman.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 12353 Þa oþer leonis..wiþ þaire heued þai bare lagh saile.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxl Whiche maie by pinchyng and bearyng a lowe saile, waxe riche and be set at libertie.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Pref. 18 I was utterly mynded to pulle downe my sayles againe.
1549 T. Solme in H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie To Rdr. sig. Avi Pul downe thy sayle. Saye downe proud hert.
1573 T. Tusser Points Huswifrie (new ed.) f. 29v, in Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) Then wayes I sought, by wisedome tought, To beare low sayle [1577 saile], least stock should quayle.
1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. v. 164/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I How diuerse of them also coueting to beare an high saile doo insinuate themselues with yoong gentlemen and noble men newlie come to their lands.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1592/1 If the helpe of such as are furnished with varietie of knowledge,..had beene as forward to aduance this worke,..as some of low saile, willing to laie out their poore talent, haue affoorded what furtherance they were able [etc.].
1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor i. i. sig. B2 Moderate your expences (now at first) As you may keepe the same proportion still. Beare a low saile. View more context for this quotation
1602 2nd Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus iv. iii. 1941 Schollers must frame to liue at a low sayle.
1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xix. xxi. 780 If learning had many such friends as he, it would beare an higher sayle then it doth.
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 211 They drew in their Mooned and crescent Squadrons into the Body of the Fleet, and that one might not go before another, bore less Sayl.
1733 Oxf. Methodists 6 Be not high-minded; but fear... Bear no more Sail than is necessary.
†b. to come to sail: to set out on a sailing voyage; = sail v.1 3. ? Also (earlier) in the same sense, to go or fere to (the) sail. (Cf. sail n.2)
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > set out on a voyage
to go to seac900
to take the seac1275
to go or fere to (the) saila1375
sail1387
to make saila1500
to set sail1513
lance1526
launch1534
to put off1582
to put out?1587
to put forth1604
to come to sail1633
underweigh1891
to take sail1904
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2745 Whan þe mone a-ros manli in come, & faire at þe fulle flod þei ferden to saile.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2731 Þe werwolf waited wiȝtly which schip was ȝarest, to fare forþ at þat flod & fond on sone, þat was gayly greyt to go to þe seile, & feiþliche frauȝt ful of fine wines.
1633 T. James Strange Voy. 5 Wee came to Sayle.
1712 W. Rogers Cruising Voy. 3 About twelve we fir'd a Gun, and all came to sail.
1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 6 At Eight weigh'd, and came to Sail.
c. See full sail n.
d. low-sail Nautical = easy sail at easy adj. 5a.
ΚΠ
1805 in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. 134 (note) Saw the Enemy to leeward under low-sail on the larboard tack.
1840 J. F. Cooper Pathfinder II. x. 168 The stranger was under what seamen call low sail; but so great was the power of the wind, that her white outlines were seen flying past the openings of the verdure.
e. under sail: having the sails set.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > with sails set [phrase]
under sailc893
canvas1873
c893 tr. Orosius Hist. i. i. §21 Þæt þæt scip wæs ealne weg yrnende under segle.
1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 215 Quhen that the schip was saynit and vndir saile [etc.].
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 540 The Ship is vnder sayle, and heere she coms amaine. View more context for this quotation
1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus f. 454 Suppose..you see a Ship..under Sail, making towards the Land.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. iv. 162 In the afternoon [we] got under sail.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. vii. 207 We got under sail from the road of Paita..about midnight.
1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy I. xiii. 218 About ten miles distant, followed by the Harpy, under all sail.
1857 C. Gribble in Mercantile Marine Mag. (1858) 5 1 Weighed anchor.., under all sail.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Under sail, the state of a ship when she is in motion from the action of wind on her sails.
4.
a. In collective singular (also formerly †in plural), chiefly with numeral: (So many) sailing-vessels.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [noun] > collectively
sail1436
1436 Rolls of Parl. IV. 501/1 A Navey..to ye noumbre of xii score Sailles.
1458 J. Jernyngan in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 340 Þere were xxviijti sayle of Spaynyardis on þe se.
1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. (1482) ccxliv. 296 The kyng ordeyned his nauye of shippes in the hauen of southampton in to the nombre of cccxx sailles.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 237 The Frenchmen were .xiij. sayles great & small.
1590 tr. P. Ubaldini Disc. Spanishe inuading Eng. 1588 4 The whole nauie was at this present about 90. saile of all sorts.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iv. 2 So by a roaring Tempest on the flood A whole Armado of conuicted saile Is scattered and dis-ioyn'd from fellowship. View more context for this quotation
1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. viii. 183 Of their fiue and fourtie Saile of ships, seventeene saile onely are fitted for men of warre.
1649 W. Grey Chorographia 19 The Shipping which comes into this River for Coales, there being sometimes three hundred Sayles of Ships.
1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 3 We were informed of ten Sail of Ships cruising off and on, to the Westward.
1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics xxvi. 258 He saw from the mast-head eighteen sail of ships.
1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. iii. viii. 717 The Royal navy comprised in all twenty-seven sail.
b. A ship or other vessel, esp. as descried by its sails. sail ho! ‘the exclamation used when a strange ship is first discerned at sea’ (Adm. Smyth).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [noun]
bark1477
sail1517
winged wain1605
sailing-boat1721
sailing-vesselc1748
hogboat1784
sail-boat1798
sail-shipa1850
sailer1871
sailing-ship1871
windjammer1880
windbag1924
windship1934
1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 12 The Duke [Doge of Venice]..went in ther Archa triumphali, which ys in maner of a sayle of a straange facion.
1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 99 Wee spyed a saile comming towardes vs..and as soone as wee spyed him we..manned out our Skiffe..but after the saile had espyed vs, he kept about.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xiii. 59 A saile, how beares she or stands shee, to wind-ward or lee-ward, set him by the Compasse.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 11 Our Admirall descried a Saile, and immediately made towards her.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 18 A Sail, a Sail. Where? Fair by us.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. viii. 143 I descryed a Sail steering to the South-East.
1814 Ld. Byron Corsair i. ii. 4 Gaze where some distant sail a speck supplies, With all the thirsting eye of Enterprize.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast ii. 15 Her decks were filled with passengers who had come up at the cry of ‘sail ho'.
5. An apparatus (consisting formerly of a sheet of canvas stretched on a frame, now usually of an arrangement of boards) attached to each of the arms of a windmill for the purpose of presenting a surface to be acted on by the wind. Also (windmill) sails collectively, surface presented by the sails.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > mills > [noun] > windmill > sail
sailc1440
wing1484
ventaila1529
vane1581
sweep1702
arm1724
windsail1725
wind-vane1725
swift1763
wan1767
flyer1790
van1837
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 65/1 Ceyle of a schyppe, or mylle, velum. carbasus.
1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. B2v The clacke of thy mill is..noisome.., thou hast wind at will to thy sailes.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 340/2 The parts of a Wind-Mill... The Sail or Wind end.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Sails, Hawk's Wings; also Windmill-wings.
1760 J. Smeaton in Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 161 The velocity of the extremities of Dutch sails,..are considerably quicker than the velocity of the wind.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 122 Into these arms are mortised several small cross~bars, and to them are fastened two, three, or four, long bars,..so that the bars intersect each other, and form a kind of lattice work, on which a cloth is spread to receive the action of wind. These are called the sails.
1845 Encycl. Metrop. VIII. 131/2 There are usually four states in which it can be set according to the velocity of the wind..which are termed full sail, quarter reef, sword point, and dagger point.
1868 Chambers's Encycl. X. 218/1 The amount of sail that a windmill can carry with advantage is limited.
a1887 R. Jefferies Field & Hedgerow (1889) 86 One day pussy was ingeniously examining the machinery [of a windmill], when the wind suddenly rose, the sails revolved, and she was ground up.
1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 599/2 American windmills... The sails consist of narrow boards or slats arranged radially.
6. Zoology.
a. The large dorsal fin of the sail-fish.
ΚΠ
1822 Raffles Let. 30 Nov. in Lady Raffles Mem. (1830) 526 The only amusing discovery which we have recently made is that of a sailing fish,..I have sent a set of the sails home.
b. One of the two large tentacles of the Nautilus, formerly believed to be used as sails.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Cephalopoda > [noun] > order Dibranchiata > section Octopoda > family Argonautidae > member of > tentacle of
sail-arm1760
sail1817
1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna vii. xxvi. 169 A Nautilus upon the fountain played, Spreading his azure sail.
1840 Penny Cycl. XVII. 210/2 The first two arms [of the Argonaut] are more robust than the others, and should be so, because they serve as masts to support the sails, which, spread out, act before the wind as such.
1860 Chambers's Encycl. I. 390/1 The descriptions..of argonauts..employing six of their tentacula as oars, and spreading out two..as sails to catch the breeze, are now regarded as entirely fabulous.
7. South African. A tarpaulin or canvas sheet for covering a wagon.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > cover or tilt
overlay1456
tillet1497
tilt1620
overlayer1811
sail1850
wagon-sail1850
coverture1856
1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. x. 220 I covered my waggon with new sails.
1891 O. Schreiner Story Afr. Farm ii. xii He drew the sails down before and behind, and the wagon rolled away slowly.
8. Nautical and Mining. A funnel-shaped bag or orifice on the deck of a vessel or on the ground over mine-galleries, for the purpose of ventilation. Cf. windsail n. 1.
ΚΠ
1874 J. H. Collins Princ. Metal Mining (1875) xviii. 117 In Cornwall..the writer has seen a zinc rain-water pipe..with a miner's jacket extended by wires at the top for a ‘cap-head’ or ‘sail’.
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech.
9. The conning-tower of a submarine.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > part of vessel above water > [noun] > deck superstructure > on a warship > on a submarine
conning-tower1886
sail1959
1959 Jane's Fighting Ships 414/1 ‘The sail’, as the conning tower is now called on nuclear submarines.
1963 Guardian 1 Mar. 1 The Ethan Allen looked like any other submarine though the conning tower—which they call the sail these days—was much larger than usual.
1968 New Scientist 26 Dec. 704/2 Photographs of the wreckage show that the Scorpion split in two at the point on the hull where the ‘sail’ (the new name for the conning tower) is mounted near the forward end.
1974 L. Deighton Spy Story xviii. 190 The great submarine threaded its way out through the Sound... The skipper came down from the sail.

Compounds

C1. Obvious combinations.
a. Simple attributive.
sail area n.
ΚΠ
1898 W. F. Jackson in W. A. Morgan ‘House’ on Sport I. i. 19 Traditions are still heard of boats lurking behind barges..to dart out at the last moment with something surprising in the way of sail area.
1976 P. Kemp Oxf. Compan. Ships & Sea 947/2 There was no form of handicap on size or sail area.
sail canvas n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun] > material of sails
sail canvas1482
polaine1582
canvas1609
1482 in J. D. Marwick Charters Edinb. (1871) 169 Of the hundreth sail canves ij s.
sail drill n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > [noun] > practice in hoisting sails
sail drill1886
1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 17 Sept. 11/1 While at sail drill an ordinary seaman..fell..on to the upper deck.
sail pulley n.
ΚΠ
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 390 Whereof they vse to turne for curtain rings and saile pullies.
† sail-rope n. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > rigging > [noun] > running rigging > rope for raising or lowering sails
sail-ropec1275
wheel-rope1485
jib-halyard1726
jib-down-haul1825
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8682 Ȝe mote uaste heom wriðen mid strongen sæil-rapen.
?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 805/7 Hic rudens,..a seyllerope.
sail-spread n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun] > width of sails
sail-spread1886
1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 823/2 In determining what sail-spread can be safely given to a ship.
sail sewing machine n.
ΚΠ
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 778/1 Sail Sewing Machine, a large-sized sewing machine with extensive table for sewing widths of duck to form sails.
b. Objective.
(a)
sail-carrying adj.
ΚΠ
1883 Harper's Mag. Aug. 444/2 We believed in great beam for sail-carrying power.
1894 Outing 24 21/1 To gain stability [in a canoe] for sail-carrying.
sail furler n.
ΚΠ
c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 45 The sailfurlers..get the sail out of the sailroom.
sail-keeper n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > one who keeps sails in good order
sail-keeperc1440
sail-maker1770
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 451/2 Seyl kepare, or rewlare, p[ro]reta.
sail looser n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > (types of) sail trimmer
afterguard1750
reefer1800
sail trimmerc1810
furlerc1860
sail looserc1860
trimmer1953
winch grinder1975
c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 45 Sail loosers will go aloft at the order ‘bend sails’.
sail-making n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > fitting out or equipping ships > sail-making
sail-making1797
sail sewinga1884
1797 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 431/2 A few general observations on sail-making.
sail sewer n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > boat-builder or shipbuilder > [noun] > one who fits out > sail-maker
sail sewer1513
sail-makera1616
sails1864
1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 471 Item, to iij saill sewaris for iij wolkis wagis.
sail sewing n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > fitting out or equipping ships > sail-making
sail-making1797
sail sewinga1884
a1884 [see sail sewing machine n. at Compounds 1a].
sail trimmer n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > (types of) sail trimmer
afterguard1750
reefer1800
sail trimmerc1810
furlerc1860
sail looserc1860
trimmer1953
winch grinder1975
c1810 Adm. Patton in 19th Cent. Nov. (1899) 724 (note) Sail trimmers were immediately sent to clear the sail.
(b)
sail-bearing adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [adjective]
sailing1590
sail-assisted1594
sail-wingedc1595
sail-bearing?1596
sailed?1611
veliferous1656
?1596 J. Dickenson Shepheardes Complaint sig. B 2v And saile-bearing pine glide through thin aire.
sail-filling adj.
ΚΠ
1887 W. Morris tr. Homer Odyssey II. xi. 190 The following breeze sail-filling, a goodly fairing-friend.
sail-stiffening adj.
ΚΠ
1945 P. Larkin North Ship 35 Increasingly to fear Sail-stiffening air.
c. Instrumental.
sail-assisted adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [adjective]
sailing1590
sail-assisted1594
sail-wingedc1595
sail-bearing?1596
sailed?1611
veliferous1656
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. H4v As the Estrich hath a sharpe goade or pricke wherewith hee spurreth himselfe forwarde in his saile-assisted race.
sail-dotted adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [adjective] > covered in sailing ships
sailrife1513
sail-winged1855
sail-dotted1898
1898 R. Kipling in Morning Post 9 Nov. 5/1 The little strip of sail-dotted blue.
sail-propelled adj.
ΚΠ
1888 Times 14 Jan. 16/2 Sail-propelled training ships.
d. Similative.
sail-broad adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > breadth or width > [adjective] > having great breadth or width > like a sail
saily?1606
sail-stretched1624
sail-broad1667
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 927 At last his Sail-broad Vannes He spreads for flight. View more context for this quotation
sail-stretched adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > breadth or width > [adjective] > having great breadth or width > like a sail
saily?1606
sail-stretched1624
sail-broad1667
1624 P. Massinger Bond-man i. iii. sig. B3 O're our heads with sayle stretch'd wings, Destruction houers.
C2. Special combinations:
sail-arm n. (a) one of the radiating beams to which the sails of a windmill are attached; a ‘whip’; (b) one of the tentacles of a nautilus which bear the ‘sails’.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > mills > [noun] > windmill > sail > part supporting or associated with
sail wand1342
sailyard1351
shroud1629
sail-arm1760
whip1760
uplong1819
wind-shaft1825
sail-axle1868
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Cephalopoda > [noun] > order Dibranchiata > section Octopoda > family Argonautidae > member of > tentacle of
sail-arm1760
sail1817
1760 J. Ferguson Lect. (1764) 52 The same velocity that it would move if put upon the sail-arms.
1840 Penny Cycl. XVII. 210/2 In fact, the series of suckers of the sail-arms, when the membrane of the sails is wrapped about the shell, is placed exactly over the keel of it in such a manner that [etc.].
sail-axle n. the axle on which the sails of a windmill revolve.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > mills > [noun] > windmill > sail > part supporting or associated with
sail wand1342
sailyard1351
shroud1629
sail-arm1760
whip1760
uplong1819
wind-shaft1825
sail-axle1868
1868 Chambers's Encycl. X. 218/1 A whip or radius of from 33 to 40 feet in length, firmly fastened at right angles to the sail-axle.
sailboard n. originally U.S. a surf-board or light sail-boat which is propelled by wind caught in its sail; also as v. intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > pleasure vessel > [noun] > sailboard
sailboard1962
Windsurfer1969
rig1970
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > yachting and sailing > yacht or sail [verb (intransitive)] > sailboard
sailboard1962
windsurf1969
boardsail1983
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > yachting and sailing > [noun] > sailboarding > sailboard
sailboard1962
Windsurfer1969
1962 D. Klein Beginning with Boats iv. 95 Another boat that may tempt you because it can give you a great deal of fun at rather low cost is what is called a sailboard—that is, a sort of surfboard equipped with centerboard, rudder, and sailing rig.
1978 B. Webb tr. Brockhaus & Stanciu Sailboarding 8 You can ski in any mountainous region where there is snow, just as you can sailboard on any water, whether it be an ocean or a reservoir.
1980 Daily Tel. 15 Sept. 2 (caption) A 22ft-long sailboard made for two..being demonstrated at Southampton.
sailboarder n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > yachting and sailing > [noun] > sailboarding > participant
Windsurfer1969
sailboarder1974
boardsailor1980
sailor1984
1974 A. H. Drummond Sailboarding 10 The surfboarder catches a wave and uses its energy to surf along. The sailboarder does just about the same thing, except that he uses a sail to capture the energy of the wind... Thus, sailboarding is surfing using wind power.
1979 Yachts & Yachting 9 Nov. 1433/3 Wandering sailboarders could be pleased with a complete cover for their board.
sailboarding n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > yachting and sailing > [noun] > sailboarding
windsurfing1969
sailboarding1974
boardsailing1980
1974Sailboarding [see sailboarder n.].
1978 Times 5 Apr. 8/5 Beau Vallon is the island's most visited beach... Enthusiasts use it for sail-boarding, water-skiing, para-gliding, diving and goggling.
sail-boat n. chiefly North American a sailing-boat.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [noun]
bark1477
sail1517
winged wain1605
sailing-boat1721
sailing-vesselc1748
hogboat1784
sail-boat1798
sail-shipa1850
sailer1871
sailing-ship1871
windjammer1880
windbag1924
windship1934
1798 C. Williamson Descr. Genesee Country iii. 19 The number of sail-boats have greatly increased on the Lake.
1831 M. Holley Texas (1833) 47 From Brazoria to Bolivar, I came in a sail-boat.
a1835 Mrs. Hemans in H. F. Chorley Mem. (1837) II. 17 Neither steam-packet nor sail~boat was attainable.
1888 F. M. Crawford With Immortals II. 129 The happiest moments of my life? I think they were spent in a sail-boat.
1911 J. C. Lincoln Cap'n Warren's Wards xxi. 333 He had gone to see the sail-boat man.
1956 M. Duggan Immanuel's Land 64 A flatbottomed sailboat on the slope shifted almost afloat, and settled again into the mud.
1977 E. Leonard Unknown Man No. 89 xxi. 211 A painting..of..a sailboat with the mast broken off.
† sail-bond n. Obsolete (? error for -bonet) = bonnet n. 7 (cf. quot. ?c1475 at bonnet n. 7).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun] > extra canvas laced to sail
bonnet1440
sail-bond?a1500
drabbler1594
dabbler1611
puffball1933
?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 805/8 Hec supera, -eris, a seyllebonde.
sail-burton n. (see quot.).
ΚΠ
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Sail burton, a purchase extending from topmast-head to deck, for sending sails aloft ready for bending.
sail curtain n. = curtain n.1 2a.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > theatrical equipment or accessories > [noun] > curtain
curtain1598
drop1781
iron curtain1794
green curtain1805
greeny1821
tableau curtain1830
drop-curtain1832
rag1848
hipping1858
cloth1881
safety curtain1881
asbestos curtain1890
olio1923
tab1929
sail curtain1941
iron1951
swag1959
1941 J. Masefield Gautama 52 The red sail-curtain droops.
sail-duck n. [ < Dutch zeildoek] = duck n.3 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > canvas > for specific purpose
tuke1477
sarplier1565
sarp-cloth1580
medrinacks1588
sail-duck1776
rick cloth1800
tāt1820
coutil1853
tailor's friend1904
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from choice of fibres > [noun] > cotton or linen > stout or strong > for sails or sailors'clothing
pack-duck1545
duck1640
sail-duck1776
ducking1822
1776 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772: Pt. 2 143 At present the manufactures have risen to a great pitch: for example, that sail-cloth, or sail-duck, as it is here called, is very considerable.
1795 Scots Mag. 57 610/1 Sail-duck manufacturer.
1821 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs (ed. 2) ii. 145 Sail Duck.
† sail-fan n. Obsolete a species of fan used in winnowing corn.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > winnowing > fan, cloth, or basket
fana800
windlec1175
weight1354
winnowing-cloth1375
winnow-sheetc1394
winnow-cloth1404
vanc1450
wind-cloth1500
wimsheet1532
winding-cloth1548
shaul1553
winnow1580
wan?1615
sail-fan1707
wind-screen1763
wind-sheet1891
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 112 Four Men with either the Wicker or Sail-fan.
sail-fluke n. the whiff, Rhombus megastoma.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Pleuronectidae > genus Pleuronectes > pleuronectes megastoma (whiff)
whiff1713
lantern-fish1753
sail-fluke1882
carter1884
1882 J. E. Tenison-Woods Fish & Fisheries New S. Wales 190 Sail-fluke.
1886 R. C. Leslie Sea-painter's Log x. 194 It is said..the sail-fluke gets its name from a habit of..lifting its tail out of water like a sail, running before the wind into shallow water.
sail-flying n. = sailplaning n. at sailplane n. Derivatives.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > gliding and hang-gliding > [noun]
sailplaning1923
sail-flying1931
hang-gliding1971
parapente1987
1931 A. Gymnich in V. W. Pagé Henley's ABC of Gliding 148 By sailflying we understand a flight without any kind of motor or other driving power in which the energy required for the flight without loss in altitude, is taken solely from the air currents.
1944 T. Horsley Soaring Flight 71 The chapter on soaring sites will have given an indication of the winds used in the simplest sail-flying.
sail-hook n. a small hook for holding the seams of a sail while it is being sewn.
ΚΠ
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 88 Sail-hook.
1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 155/1 The tools..of a sailmaker are..fids,..sail-hook, bobbin for twine, and sundry small articles.
sail-hoop n. one of the wooden rings by which fore and aft sails are secured to masts and stays (E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. 1875).
sail-house n. a house where sails are stored.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > shipyard or boat-yard > [noun] > place where sails are made or stored
sail-loft1769
sail-house1884
loft1938
1884 St. James's Gaz. 22 Feb. 7/1 It is apparently the inside of a sail-house at a fishing-port.
sail-lizard n. (see quot. 1885).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Agamidae (dragon lizards) > hydrosaurus amboiensis (sail-lizard)
sail-lizard1885
1885 Standard Nat. Hist. III. 413 The sail-lizard, H[istiurus] amboinensis, so called from the enormous perpendicular development surmounting its tail.
sail-loft n. (see quot. 1769).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > shipyard or boat-yard > [noun] > place where sails are made or stored
sail-loft1769
sail-house1884
loft1938
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Voilerie, a sail-loft, or place where sails are formed.
1891 Leeds Mercury 9 Oct. 4/4 Dr. Hurst..traced the history of Methodism in America from the first meeting held in a sail-loft in New York in 1776 to the present day.
sail-maker n. one whose business it is to make, repair, or alter sails; spec., on board ship, a sailor (in the U.S. navy, a warrant officer) whose duty it is to take charge of and keep in repair all sails, awnings, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > boat-builder or shipbuilder > [noun] > one who fits out > sail-maker
sail sewer1513
sail-makera1616
sails1864
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > one who keeps sails in good order
sail-keeperc1440
sail-maker1770
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > construction and servicing aircraft or spacecraft > [noun] > one who covers surface with fabric
sail-maker1916
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) v. i. 70 He is a Saile-maker in Bergamo. View more context for this quotation
1770 J. Cook Jrnl. 26 Dec. (1955) I. 441 The rest of the Ships company are in a Weakly condition,..except the Sail maker.
1886 Outing (U.S.) 8 169/2 A squall carried away our..flying jib—a good job for the sail maker.
1916 H. Barber Aeroplane Speaks 103 All is now ready for the sail-maker to cover the surface with fabric.
sail-needle n. a large needle used in sewing canvas.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > fitting out or equipping ships > sail-making > tools
Milan needle1495
sail-needle1497
thumb-stall1589
palm1737
1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 297 Sayle Nedylles price the c xijd.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Aiguilles Sail-needles, bolt-rope-needles.
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xxii. 116 The sail-needles are in the green locker.
sail plan n. (see quot. 1961).
ΚΠ
1953 J. Masefield Conway 298 As it happens, we have the sail-plan of her sister-ship.
1961 F. H. Burgess Dict. Sailing 178 Sail plan, a diagram to show a boat's rig and measurements.
sail-room n. a room (in a ship) for storing sails.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > room, locker, or quarters > [noun] > storage room or compartment > place for storing sails
sail-room1805
1805 Shipwright's Vade-mecum 126 Sail-Rooms are built between decks upon the orlop or lower deck to contain the spare sails.
1905 A. R. Wallace My Life I. 310 The captain then had the sail-room amid-ships cleared out for men to sleep in.
sail-shell n. a name for the nautilus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Cephalopoda > [noun] > order Tetrabranchiata > family Nautilidae > member of
sailer1668
sail-shell?1711
nautiloida1728
pearl snail1731
sailor1776
pearly nautilus1800
?1711 J. Petiver Gazophylacii X. Table 99 Common Indian Nautilus or Sail-shell.
sail-ship n. a sailing-vessel.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [noun]
bark1477
sail1517
winged wain1605
sailing-boat1721
sailing-vesselc1748
hogboat1784
sail-boat1798
sail-shipa1850
sailer1871
sailing-ship1871
windjammer1880
windbag1924
windship1934
a1850 M. F. Ossoli At Home & Abroad (1860) 438 It went into the mail~bag of some sail-ship, instead of steamer.
sail-swelled adj. having filled sails.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > [adjective] > with sails set > having filled sails
sail-swelled1600
rap full1729
1600 C. Tourneur Transformed Metamorph. sig. C5v As sail-swel'd barks are droue by wind.
sail thread n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > fitting out or equipping ships > sail-making > thread
sail twine1486
sail thread1513
1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 471 Item, for xliiij li saill threid..xlviij s.
sail twine n. thread or twine used in sewing sails.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > fitting out or equipping ships > sail-making > thread
sail twine1486
sail thread1513
1486 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 13 vj skaynes of Saile Twyne.
1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 185 c weyght seyle twyne—xxxiijs iiijd.
c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 52 Sails are sewn with sail twine.
† sail wand n. Obsolete one of the rods forming the framework of a windmill sail.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > mills > [noun] > windmill > sail > part supporting or associated with
sail wand1342
sailyard1351
shroud1629
sail-arm1760
whip1760
uplong1819
wind-shaft1825
sail-axle1868
1342–3 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 543 In Saylwandis emp. et aliis reparac. factis in molend. de Hesilden, 24s.
sail wing n. the sail of a hang glider with its framework; (the structures described in quots. 1972, 1974 at sense 9 differ from one another).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > glider > [noun] > hang-glider > wing of
Rogallo1961
sail wing1962
Rogallo1972
1962 C. H. Gibbs-Smith Sir George Cayley's Aeronautics 1796–1855 xlii. 129 It is interesting to find at the present time (1962) a powered aeroplane using flexible sail-wings: this is the American Ryan ‘Flex Wing’ which has plastic-coated nylon wings supported in a delta plan by only three rigid spars, which meet at the front; one is central and the other two spread out to form the sides of the triangle.
1972 Daily Tel. 13 Oct. (Colour Suppl.) 9 A sail wing is a device shaped rather like an extremely ambitious paper dart and is made from dural aluminium and nylon. From a point at its centre hangs an ‘A’ frame... The pilot hangs in space upon an arrangement structurally similar to a child's swing, complete with a narrow wooden seat.
1974 Sci. Amer. Dec. 141/1 The sail wing consists of a tubular spar that supports the leading edge of a fabric envelope and a set of short, rigid booms at the tip and foot of the spar between which a slender cable is stretched to form the trailing edge of the wing.
1978 P. O'Donnell Dragon's Claw xiv. 293 The sail-wing rested on the grass... They stood surveying the wing.
sail-winged adj. [after Latin vēlivolus] poetic (a) of ships, having sails that serve as wings; (b) transferred as an epithet of the sea; (c) having wings like sails.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > mythical creature or object > [adjective] > having wings
wingedc1405
feathered1587
sail-wingedc1595
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [adjective]
sailing1590
sail-assisted1594
sail-wingedc1595
sail-bearing?1596
sailed?1611
veliferous1656
the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [adjective] > covered in sailing ships
sailrife1513
sail-winged1855
sail-dotted1898
society > travel > travel by water > [adjective] > navigable > navigated or frequented by shipping > specific
sailrife1513
boated1690
sail-winged1855
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme civ. 85 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 161 There the saile-winged shipps on waues doe glide.
1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. Concl. 63 They should make it their Knightly adventure to..vanquish this mighty sailewing'd monster.
1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Aeneid i, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 236 Gazing down Upon the sail-winged ocean.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

sailn.2

Brit. /seɪl/, U.S. /seɪl/
Etymology: < sail v.1
1.
a. An act of sailing; a voyage or excursion in a sailing vessel.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [noun] > a voyage
farec1000
voyagec1310
ship-roada1400
shipping1483
race1513
navigationa1527
sailing1535
sea-fare1601
sea-voyage1612
saila1616
perfretation1656
watery1697
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1623) v. ii. 275 Heere is my butt And verie Sea-marke of my vtmost Saile.
a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) i. ii. §2. 12 Where in the Lawes broad Sea, with wind and tyde, Ther's happier saile, then any where beside.
1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 109 Six weeks sail from England.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. vi. 195 We made an easy sail for the bay.
1808 ‘P. Plymley’ Two More Lett. on Catholics vii. 25 The nearest of these harbours is not two days' sail from the southern coast of Ireland.
1853 W. Irving in Life & Lett. (1864) IV. 157 We went by way of the lakes, and had a magnificent sail (if I may use the word) down Lake Champlain in a steamer to Plattsburg.
1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany xii. 212 We had a delightful sail among the numerous islets.
1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 99 Hiogo and Kobé..are situated upon two bays of the inland sea, about 365 miles' sail from Yokohama.
1884 Times (Weekly ed.) 29 Aug. 14/1 The day was beautiful and the sail was delightful.
b. transferred (Scottish and Irish English). A ride in a vehicle of any kind.
ΚΠ
1830 J. Galt Lawrie Todd II. vi. viii. 317 I thought it my duty to take a sail in our waggon with Mr. Herbert.
1902 Ballymena Observer (E.D.D.) Wull ye gie me a sail in the kert?
c. to take sail: to embark.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > set out on a voyage
to go to seac900
to take the seac1275
to go or fere to (the) saila1375
sail1387
to make saila1500
to set sail1513
lance1526
launch1534
to put off1582
to put out?1587
to put forth1604
to come to sail1633
underweigh1891
to take sail1904
1904 Westm. Gaz. 10 May 8/1 He took sail in the capacity of a cabin-boy in a vessel bound for New Orleans.
2. ? nonce-uses. A number sailing:
a. of ships.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [noun] > a number sailing
sail1609
1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles iv. 60 Wee haue descryed vpon our neighbouring shore, a portlie saile of ships make hitherward. View more context for this quotation
b. of water-birds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > defined by habitat > [noun] > aquatic or swimming bird > flock of
bunch1622
raft1709
sail1727
knob1816
1727 Country-post in J. Swift et al. Misc. II. 286 Yesterday a large Sail of Ducks pass'd by here.
3. Sailing qualities; speed in sailing.In many contexts hardly to be distinguished from sail n.1
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [noun] > speed or style of progress in sailing
sail1602
sailage1632
sailinga1687
1602 R. Mansel True Rep. Service 9 The Gallies being..quicker of saile then they.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 87 A ship of better defence then saile.
1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea li. 122 Being of better saile then we, and the night comming on, we lost sight of her.
a1642 W. Monson Naval Tracts (1704) i. 179/2 Finding his Ship but ill of Sail.
1643 Declar. Commons conc. Rebellion in Ireland 51 [He] could not take her [the ship], because she fled away, and was more swift in sayle then he.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 534 Back with speediest Sail Zophiel, of Cherubim the swiftest wing, Came flying. View more context for this quotation

Compounds

† sail-star n. Obsolete = lodestar n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > star > kind of star > giant > [noun] > supergiant > Pole star
North Stara1387
polea1398
shipman-star1398
pole arcticc1400
tramontanec1400
transmontane starc1400
pommel1503
sail-star?c1510
Pole Star1555
star?1555
Arctic Pole1565
polar star1578
northern star1590
cynosure1596
Polaris1675
?c1510 tr. Newe Landes & People founde by Kynge of Portyngale sig. Aiijv That men the northe sayle sterre or pollumarticum, or the waghen called, no more may be seen.
† sail-stone n. [= Dutch zeilsteen] Obsolete = lodestone n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > magnetic devices or materials > [noun] > a magnet or loadstone
adamant1345
stone1390
magnesa1398
shipman's stonec1400
loderc1460
lode1509
lodestone?1518
siderite1589
sail-stone1595
pebble1856
1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Magnes, the adamant, the sailestone.
1683 J. Pettus Fleta Minor (1686) i. 320 The Magnet is also called the Sail stone, for the Sailors look upon it as their Chief Instructor.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

sailn.3

Brit. /seɪl/, U.S. /seɪl/
Etymology: apparently < sail v.3 (sense 3). Compare the synonymous French saillie, < saillir to project.
Amount of projection from a surface. Also in combination sail-over = oversail n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > [noun] > amount of
sail1611
shouldering1683
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > other projecting parts > amount of projection
sailing1563
sail1611
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Couronne The Corona, crowne, or member of greatest sayle, in a Cornish.
1660 tr. H. Blum Bk. Five Collumnes Archit. (new ed.) A Projectura, the sayle of every moulding.
1812 P. Nicholson Mech. Exercises 267 Sail over, is the overhanging of one or more courses [of bricks] beyond the naked of the wall.
1924 H. J. Butler Motor Bodywork xviii. 276 Some of the lighter types of delivery van are made with a recessed rocker side... The body is then built up to the seat line by means of, say, an 1¼″ hardwood rocker side lapped on vertically, or with a slight sail, into the bottom side.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

sailn.4

Brit. /seɪl/, U.S. /seɪl/
Etymology: ? representing Old English *sǽgel variant of ságol staff: see sowel n.
dialect.
(See quot.)
ΚΠ
1811 T. Davis Gen. View Agric. Wilts. (new ed.) 263 Hurdles for sheep-folding..made of hazel..the upright rods called sails.
1893 N. H. Kennard Diogenes' Sandals vi. 90 There are ten ‘sails’ to each ‘wattle hurdle’.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

sailv.1

Brit. /seɪl/, U.S. /seɪl/
Forms: Old English siglan, segl(i)an, Middle English sæilien, seili(en, sayli, Middle English seily, seile, Middle English seylle, seille, Middle English–1500s sale, (Middle English ceylyn, seylyn), Middle English sayll(e, 1500s saill, Middle English–1600s sayl(e, Middle English–1600s saile, 1500s–1600s sail.
Etymology: Old English siglan , segl(i)an corresponds to Middle Dutch zeghelen , zeilen (modern Dutch zeilen ), Middle High German sigelen , segelen (modern German segeln ), Old Norse sigla (Swedish segla , Danish seile ) < Germanic type *segljan , < *seglom sail n.1The Germanic verb was adopted in Old French as sigler to sail (whence sigle a sail); an altered form of the same word is believed to exist in later Old French singler, modern French cingler to sail (in a specified direction), whence Spanish singlar, Portuguese singlar.
I. Intransitive uses.
1.
a. Of persons: To travel on water in a vessel propelled by the action of the wind upon sails; now often in extended sense, to travel on water in a vessel propelled by any means other than oars; to navigate a vessel in a specified direction.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)]
sailc893
lithec900
fleetc1275
ship13..
assailc1450
waft?a1562
sneir1568
sulk1579
single1587
navigate1588
waff1611
passage1791
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > travel over water
sailc893
navigate1758
c893 tr. Orosius Hist. i. i. §14 He..siglde ða east be lande.
c893 tr. Orosius Hist. iv. x. §10 Þa he hamweard seglde.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14370 Þeo comen Sexisce men seilen to londe.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10423 And swa heo scullen wræcchen..sæilien [c1300 Otho sayli] ouer sæ.
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1013 Þai seylden in to þe wide Wiþ her schippes tvo.
1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 236 Now þei saile and rowe to Wales to Leulyns.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2673 Þat he may nouȝt saile swiftli as he wold.
c1386 G. Chaucer Prioress's Prol. 2 Now longe moote thou saille by the cost, Sire gentil maister gentil Maryneer!
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 163 Egbertus þe monk..hadde i-seilled about Bretayne.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 26 King Demephon, whan he be Schipe To Troieward with felaschipe Sailende goth.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 24833 Forth þai sailed [Vesp. floted] on þat flode, For all to will þe wind þaim stode.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 65/1 Ceylyn vpon watyr, velifico.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. lxi. 517 Thenne sir palomydes sailed euen longes humber to the costes of the see.
?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 69 He sayled and rowed vnto the cyte.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xx. 322 A lang way furthwarde salyt he.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 811 Thai saylyt furth by part off Ingland schor.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 696/2 I loue nat to sayle by see, but when I can nat chose.
1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 333 That nane saill in marchandice without he be honestlie abelyeit lyk ane marchand.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. ii. 2 b We sayled along..towardes the..cape De creo.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) i. i. 62 A league from Epidamium had we saild . View more context for this quotation
a1691 R. Boyle Gen. Hist. Air (1692) 201 An observing man, that had sailed to and fro between Europe and the East Indies.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 489. ¶1 A troubled Ocean, to a Man who sails upon it, is, I think, the biggest Object that he can see in Motion.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere v, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 32 Till noon we silently sail'd on Yet never a breeze did breathe.
1830 Ld. Tennyson Sea-fairies in Poems 148 Slow sailed the weary mariners.
1836 W. Irving Astoria I. 41 [They] sail down that river to its supposed exit near the straits of Annian.
1860 G. Bennett Gatherings of Naturalist in Austral. xxiii. 425 We sailed..one day 191 miles, another 225 miles.
figurative.c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde i. 606 Loue..Wiþ dessespeir so sorwfully me offendeth Þat streght vn-to þe deth myn herte saileth.1551 Haddon Exhort. Repent. in F. J. Furnivall Ballads from MSS I. 324 But .lv. yere after, it [the plague] sayled into Flaunders.1623 A. Taylor in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign James I (1847) 203 I spent my dayes in sorrow for thy good, I sayl'd to th' cradle in teares, to the graue in blood.
b. spec. To make excursions in, or to manage, a sailing-boat: to practise the sport of yachting.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > in specific type of craft
to barge it1599
boat?1630
canoe1732
shallop1737
raft1741
scow1749
steam1832
yacht1836
screw1840
steamer1866
gondole1874
kayak1875
sail1898
tramp1899
motor-boat1903
barge1909
hover1962
power1964
motor1968
jet-ski1978
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > yachting and sailing > yacht or sail [verb (intransitive)]
yacht1836
sail1898
1898 Daily News 30 Aug. 4/5 She is devoted to sports and outdoor exercises... She boats and sails.
c. In figurative context. Chiefly in proverbial phrases: †to sail all in one ship, to ‘row in the same boat’, to belong to one party or class; †to sail on another board (see board n. 15); to sail near (or close to) the wind, to come very near to transgression of a law or a received moral principle.
ΚΠ
1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. B4 You be all of one Church, saile all in one ship.
1608 D. Tuvill Ess. Politicke, & Morall f. 123 They will alwaies saile by the Carde and Compasse of their own mind.
1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto IX xxvi. 18 My words, at least, are more sincere and hearty Than if I sought to sail before the wind.
1865 H. Kingsley Hillyars & Burtons iv A certain kind of young English gentleman, who has sailed too close to the wind at home, and who comes to the colony to be whitewashed.
1883 W. E. Norris Thirlby Hall viii With regard to Turf transactions again, he may sail very near the wind indeed, and be pardoned.
†d. quasi-reflexive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (reflexive)]
sail1640
1640 tr. G. S. du Verdier Love & Armes Greeke Princes iii. xxviii. 116 Away they sayled them, as they hoped with a prosperous wind.
2. Of a ship or other vessel: To move or travel on water by means of sails, or (in modern use) by means of steam or any other mechanical agency.
ΚΠ
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12739 Þer comen seilien [c1300 Otho ride] sone ȝeond þa sæ wide. scipes uniuoȝe.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 567 I sayle now in þe see as schip boute mast, boute anker or ore.
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame ii. 395 And behelde..shippis seyllynge in the see.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxx. 305 It rennethe in so grete Wawes, that no Schipp may not rowe ne seyle azenes it.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xix. 193 Marchand-schippis that saland war Fra scotland to flandris with war.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 696/2 I sayle, as a shyppe doth in the see whan she is under sayle, je single... Some shyppe wyll sayle as faste with a syde wynde as some wyll with a full wynde.
?a1535 To City of London (Vitellius) in J. Small Poems W. Dunbar (1893) II. 277 Where many a barge doth saile, and row with are.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xxxiii. C In that place..shal nether Gallye rowe, ner greate shippe sale.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. iii. 261 Light boates saile swift, though greater hulkes draw deepe. View more context for this quotation
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 110 These Saiques..carry great Cargoes of Goods, but they sail not fast, unless they be before the Wind, or rather they sail no otherwise, for they cannot go upon a Wind.
1734 A. Pope Ess. Man: Epist. IV 353 Say, shall my little Bark attendant sail, Pursue the Triumph, and partake the Gale?
1785 J. Phillips Treat. Inland Navigation 34 The vessels..are built so as to sail either end foremost, by removing the rudder.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 376/2 It would be an easy matter to determine the form of a ship intended to sail by means of oars.
1828 Moore's Pract. Navigator (ed. 20) 60 A ship from the Lizard, in lat. 49° 59′ N. sails S.W. by W. 488 miles. Required the latitude she is in.
1886 W. Gladden Applied Christianity i. 3 Steamships sail from every shore with the contributions of all the continents to the world's trade.
3.
a. To begin a journey by water; to set sail, start on a voyage; to leave the port or the place of anchorage. Said both of a vessel and of the persons on board.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > set out on a voyage
to go to seac900
to take the seac1275
to go or fere to (the) saila1375
sail1387
to make saila1500
to set sail1513
lance1526
launch1534
to put off1582
to put out?1587
to put forth1604
to come to sail1633
underweigh1891
to take sail1904
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 105 Þe queen Alianore..and meny oþer compelled hym for to seille aȝen.
c1480 (a1400) St. Nicholas 235 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 488 Þis done, þai sailyt but bad quhare-to þare tryst wes mad.
1493 Ledger-bk. A. Halyburton 2 His costis in Medilburgh bydand quhill the schip sallit.
1611 Bible (King James) Acts xxi. 2 And finding a ship sailing ouer vnto Phenicea, wee went abroad, and set foorth. View more context for this quotation
1777 J. Cook Voy. S. Pole I. i. i. 5 On the 13th, at six o'clock in the morning, I sailed from Plymouth Sound.
1802 in W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (1817) II. 932 I think the captain will sail to-morrow.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre III. viii. 206 I have taken my berth in an East Indiaman which sails on the twentieth of June.
1874 G. J. Whyte-Melville Uncle John xiii A friend of mine..met with an accident the very night before the steamer sailed.
1891 Law Times 91 2/2 The deceased..wrote a letter..in which he stated that he ought to have made his will before sailing.
†b. Conjugated with to be. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1633 Fife Witch Trial in J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. (1796) XVIII. App. 656 Her husband being newly sailed, she craved some money of her.
1764 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. (1772) II. 84 The fleet of the prince was already sailed.
1776 T. Hutchinson Diary 20 Jan. II. 8 He says six of the seven Regiments at Corke were embarked, and he concludes the whole have been sailed some days.
1786 A. M. Bennett Juvenile Indiscretions V. 111 Sir James..was sailed for India on an appointment from government.
1787 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 281 Should the packet be sailed, I will pray you to send my letter by the first of the vessels which you mention.
4. transferred.
a. To glide on the surface of water or through the air, either by the impulsion of wind or without any visible effort.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > move with current of water or air [verb (intransitive)]
drivec1275
sail1377
drift?a1600
voyage1835
fleam1863
society > travel > air or space travel > gliding and hang-gliding > glide or hang-glide [verb (intransitive)]
sail1897
glide1910
hang-glide1986
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xviii. 304 And now I se where a soule cometh hiderward seyllynge With glorie & with grete liȝte.
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. i. 74 A winged messenger of heauen..When he bestrides the lasie pacing cloudes, And sailes vpon the bosome of the aire. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 268 Down thither prone in flight He speeds, and..Sailes between worlds & worlds, with steddie wing. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 65 Swans that sail along the Silver Flood. View more context for this quotation
1757 T. Gray Ode I iii. iii, in Odes 11 Sailing with supreme dominion Thro' the azure deep of air.
1804 W. Scott Bard's Incant. 34 Mute are ye all? No murmurs strange Upon the midnight breeze sail by.
1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) iv. i. 100 The high moon sails upon her beauteous way.
1849 M. Arnold Forsaken Merman 43 Where great whales come sailing by, Sail and sail, with unshut eye, Round the world for ever and aye?
1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xxiv. 240 When a man, under pecuniary difficulties,..dives out of sight, as it were, from the flock of birds in which he is accustomed to sail.
1865 H. V. Mathias Five Weeks' Sport Himalayas 16 I shot an immense eagle..as he was sailing in fancied security over my head.
1884 Manch. Examiner 19 Feb. 5/4 The flowing clouds..sail over the scene of the hay harvest in the Welsh meadow.
1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 12 Aug. 4/1 As for blackcock..the wary old birds..sail in the open over the moor a hundred yards out of shot.
1897 Aeronaut. Ann. 144 I made my first trials with a soaring machine in the summer of '95... It is exceedingly difficult to make a glider with one surface only which will sail properly.
1910 Daily Mail Year Bk. 149/2 The Gross was compelled to descend, after sailing above the enemy's line.
b. Of a vehicle: To move smoothly and without apparent propelling force.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > move or go along [verb (intransitive)] > have characteristic motion > move smoothly
sail1866
1866 ‘M. Twain’ Speeches (1923) 13 The Kanaka, without spur or whip,..sailed by us on the old plug.
1902 C. N. Williamson & A. M. Williamson Lightning Conductor 26 The car..looked so handsome as it sailed up to the hotel door that my pride in it came back.
5. Of persons, in various transferred senses.
†a. slang. To saunter, go casually. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > walking > walk, tread, or step [verb (intransitive)] > leisurely or carelessly
lop1587
dander?1590
dandle?1590
lolla1657
saunter1671
sidle1697
sail1699
toddle1726
lollop1745
to loll it1796
waltz1862
faffle1869
flane1876
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew (at cited word) How you Sail about? How you Santer about?
1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical x. 121 From thence I sailed into a Presbyterian Meeting near Covent-Garden.
b. To move or go in a stately or dignified manner, suggestive of the movement of a ship under sail. (Chiefly of women; also occasionally of an animal.) Also in weakened sense, to glide over a surface; to pass rapidly or smoothly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > walking > walk, tread, or step [verb (intransitive)] > in stately manner
swoop1566
sweep1590
sail1819
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > move swiftly [verb (intransitive)]
lakeOE
flyOE
runOE
scour13..
jace1393
hie1398
spina1400
fleetc1400
glentc1400
stripc1400
suea1450
carryc1450
speed1488
scud1532
streek1598
winga1616
to clip it1616
hackney1617
swifta1618
whirryc1630
dust1673
whew1684
race1702
stroke1735
cut1797
spank1807
skid1815
speela1818
crack1824
skimmer1824
slap1827
clip1832
skeet1838
marvel1841
lick1850
travel1850
rush1852
zip1852
sail1876
rabbit1887
move1906
high-tail1908
to ball the jack1914
buzz1914
shift1922
giddap1938
burn1942
hoosh1943
bomb1966
shred1977
1819 M. R. Mitford Let. 18 Mar. (1925) 161 Just as we were at our merriest, in sailed Madam J——, like a tragedy queen.
1836 W. Dunlap Thirty Years Ago I. ii. 22 Mrs. Epsom sailed majestically about the house.
1841 J. L. Motley Let. 25 Dec. in Corr. (1889) I. iv. 84 Stately dames de la cour would sail into the room and sail out again with their long trains sweeping after them.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. vii. 120 Then all the great people sailed in state from the room.
1859 G. Meredith Ordeal Richard Feverel III. vi. 193 A rumour spread that reached Mrs. Doria's ears. She rushed to Adrian first... She sailed full down upon Richard.
1860–1 W. M. Thackeray Lovel iii. 110 Lady B. sailed in.., arrayed in ribbons of scarlet.
1876 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Tom Sawyer v. 58 Then there was a wild yelp of agony and the poodle went sailing up the aisle.
1885 H. R. Haggard King Solomon's Mines iv A troop of tall giraffes, who galloped, or rather sailed off, with their strange gait.
1909 R. A. Wason Happy Hawkins 10 I flopped onto a pony an' sailed out to a little glen.
1949 W. Awdry Tank Engine Thomas Again 50 He remembered the Level Crossing. There was Bertie fuming at the gates while they sailed gaily through.
1979 C. Egleton Backfire xii. 135 He sailed through Immigration and collected his suitcase.
c. to sail in (slang): to proceed boldly to action. Also, to launch into or attack; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make attack [verb (intransitive)]
onreseeOE
onslayc1275
entera1425
to be upon (also on) a person's jack1588
endeavour?1589
to fall aboard1591
to let fly1611
strikea1616
to lift (up) the hand(s, (occasionally one's arm)1655
to fall on board (of)1658
tilt1708
to walk into ——1794
to run in1815
to peg it1834
to sail in1856
to wade in1863
to light in1868
to roll into ——1888
to make for ——1893
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > act or do vigorously [verb (intransitive)] > apply oneself vigorously
to sail in1856
beast1990
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)] > make a beginning in some enterprise > boldly or freely
launch1608
to sail in1856
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > carry on vigorously [verb (transitive)] > apply oneself to vigorously
to stand to ——?a1400
to shove at1542
to fall upon ——1617
to work awaya1635
to fall aboard1642
to fall on ——1650
to go at ——1675
to pitch into ——1823
to lay into1880
to be (also go) at the ——1898
to sail in1936
1856 ‘Q. K. P. Doesticks’ Plu-ri-bus-tah iv. 69 ‘Sailing in’, without regard to Any of the laws of ‘Fancy’.
1883 ‘M. Twain’ Life on Mississippi xxvi. 283 Old General Pillow..sailed in, too, leading his troops as lively as a boy.
1889 Harper's Mag. Mar. 561/1 A man must dismiss all thoughts of..common-sense when it comes to masquerade dresses, and just sail in and make an unmitigated fool of himself.
1891 Morning Advertiser 30 Mar. (Farmer) John Harvey called William Tillman a liar 150 times,..and offered to lick him 104 times. At the 104th William..thrashed John. The verdict of the jury was that William ought to have sailed in an hour and a half earlier.
1891 S. Fiske Holiday Stories (Boston ed.) viii. 178 ‘I'll tell you the whole affair, if you care to listen to it.’ ‘Sail right in, Colonel,’ cried the company.
1903 A. H. Lewis Boss iv. 52 Half an hour before six, blow your whistle an' sail in.
1934 R. Campbell Broken Rec. ii. 33 I sailed into him with a beauty on the ear.
1936 F. Clune Roaming round Darling xvii. 173 I sailed into Mrs. O'Malley's cooked meat and damper.
II. Transitive senses.
6.
a. Of persons, also of a vessel: To sail over or upon, to navigate (the sea, a river, etc.). Now somewhat archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (transitive)]
saila1382
sulk1579
upharrow1582
plough1589
waff1611
navigate1646
voyage1667
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xliii. 26 Who seilen the see [L. qui navigant mare; a1425 L.V. The that seilen in the see].
c1500 Priests of Peebles 204 Then brocht he wol, and wyselie couth it wey; And efter that sone saylit he the sey.
a1555 D. Lindsay Tragedie in Dialog Experience & Courteour (1559) sig. Siij Quhowbeit his grace Had salit the sey.
1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus Prol. sig. Aiiij [To sum] Ingyne hes geuin to saill the see.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies ii. vi. 92 The river of Amazons..which our Spaniards sailed in their discoveries.
1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xviii. 2 Thus time we waste, & long leagues make short, Saile seas in Cockles, haue and wish but fort.
1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Twelfth Bk. Metamorphoses in Fables 420 A thousand Ships were man'd, to sail the Sea.
1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 459 Now turn thine Eye to view Alcinous' Groves,..from whence, Sailing the Spaces of the boundless Deep, To Ariconium pretious Fruits arriv'd.
1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. v. 354 Far on the left those radiant fires to keep The Nymph directed, as he sail'd the deep.
1841 H. W. Longfellow Wreck of Hesperus in Boston Bk. (ed. 3) 74 It was the schooner Hesperus, That sailed the wintry sea.
†b. To visit (a region) by sailing; to sail along (a coast). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (transitive)] > visit by sailing
sail1548
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxx This lusty Capitain saylyng al the cost of Susseix and Kent, durst not once take lande, til he arriued in the downes.
1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy Interchangeable Course xi. f. 123v In ancient times the North was sailed by the commandement of Avgvstvs.
7.
a. With cognate object: †To perform (a voyage, etc.) by sailing (obsolete). Also to sail through, out: to continue (a sailing-match, race), to the end.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (transitive)] > perform or accomplish by sailing
sailc1405
boat1623
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > boat racing or race > race boats [verb (transitive)] > row a race > complete sailing match
to sail through, out1886
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 143 Wher as she many a Ship and Barge seigh Seillynge hir cours.
1726 G. Shelvocke tr. Imperial Comm. in Voy. round World Pref. p. v Such as may never have an occasion or inclination to sail such long Voyages.
1886 Field 4 Sept. 364/2 The match [for yachts] could not be sailed through before the close time, 6.30.
1899 Daily News 29 Sept. 3/2 The uninjured vessel shall sail out the race.
b. To ‘sail’ or glide through (the air).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > motion in the air > move through the air [verb (transitive)] > pursue (a flight) > fly through or upon
wing1608
fly1609
sail1725
1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. i. 126 Sublime she sails Th' aerial space, and mounts the winged gales.
1765 J. Beattie Verses Charles Churchill 7 He soars Pindaric heights, and sails the waste of Heaven?
1899 Daily News 26 June 8/3 The buzzard..is a fine-looking figure, as on broad wings he slowly sails the sky.
8.
a. To navigate (a ship or other vessel).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)]
governa1387
sail1566
manure1569
manage1600
carry1613
navigate1652
work1667
skipper1883
1566 Act 8 Elizabeth I in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) ii. 396 But onely in English shippes, and to be sailed for the most part with English mariners.
1675 London Gaz. No. 1024/1 She had on board about 80 or 90 Negroes, and was sailed by Greeks.
1848 J. F. Cooper Capt. Spike III. 207 The Poughkeepsie was admirably sailed and handled.
1888 J. R. Lowell Heartsease & Rue 177 He's a Rip van Winkle skipper,..who sails his bedevilled old clipper In the wind's eye, straight as a bee.
a1890 R. W. Church Oxf. Movement (1891) iii. 35 He [R. H. Froude] loved the sea; he liked to sail his own boat.
1908 Westm. Gaz. 28 Mar. 3/1 We were rowed and sailed by an amusing..ex-sailor.
b. To put (a toy boat) on the water and direct its course.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [verb (transitive)] > sail toy boat
sail1863
1863 N. Hawthorne Our Old Home I. 270 School-boys sail little boats on the river, or play at marbles.
†9. To cause to sail, carry away sailing. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (transitive)] > cause to sail or carry away sailing
sail16..
16.. Balow in F. J. Furnivall R. Laneham's Let. (1871) p. clxxi Till from myne eyes a sea sall flow, To saile my soule from mortall woe To that immortall mirtall shore.
†10. With adverb to sail down: to bring (an object) below the horizon by sailing away from it.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] > set a ship's course > lose sight of by sailing away
lay1574
settle1769
sink1769
to sail down1847
close1858
1847 A. M. Gilliam Trav. Mexico (new ed.) 276 We at once determined to sit up all night, to watch that the steersman would not sail the light down. We were induced to do so for..the night previous..he saw a light-house,..and steered from the object.
†11. To provide with sails. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > build a ship [verb (transitive)] > fit out or equip > rig > furnish with sails
sail1600
wing1725
1600 R. Hakluyt tr. in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 862 It is ordeined, that the shippes haue double sailes, that is, that they bee thorowly sayled, and..all newe sayles [etc.].

Draft additions 1993

12. Causatively: to send (an object) ‘sailing’ through the air; to throw or project.
ΚΠ
1934 in N. Webster Dict.
1936 J. G. Cozzens Men & Brethren i. 12 Ernest thumbed loose his clerical collar and detached the black linen stock, sailing them onto the top of the bureau.
1961 Washington Post 25 Jan. a23/4 He sailed his racquet into the stands, with no serious casualties resulting.
1986 T. McGuane To skin Cat (1989) 49 I pitched the paper, sailing it past their expressionless faces.

Draft additions December 2020

that ship (also boat) has sailed: used to express the idea that an opportunity has passed, or that a situation can no longer be changed.Cf. to miss the boat at miss v.1 13e.
ΚΠ
1968 Times Reporter (Dover, Ohio) 31 July 20/1 Six years ago you paid a commission to acquire these shares... It's been paid. The ship has sailed. Why are you getting so excited about it now?
1993 Pittsburgh Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 22 Sept. (Sports section) Does Rutigliano yearn for one more crack in the NFL? ‘No,’ he answered. ‘That boat has sailed for me.’
2017 K. Kwan Rich People Probl. i. iii. 23 ‘This is your last chance to make up with your grandmother’... ‘I think that ship has sailed. Trust me, I don't think I'll be welcomed.’
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† sailv.2

Forms: Middle English sail, sayly, Middle English saile, sayle, Middle English–1500s saill(e, sale, saylle. See also sailyie v. (Sc.)
Etymology: Aphetic form of assail v.1
Obsolete.
1. transitive. = assail v.1 in various senses.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)]
greetc893
overfallOE
riseOE
assail?c1225
to lay on or upon?c1225
onseekc1275
to set on ——c1290
infighta1300
saila1300
to go upon ——c1300
to turn one's handc1325
lashc1330
annoyc1380
impugnc1384
offendc1385
to fall on ——a1387
sault1387
affrayc1390
to set upon ——1390
to fall upon ——a1398
to lay at?a1400
semblea1400
assayc1400
havec1400
aset1413
oppressa1425
attachc1425
to set at ——c1430
fraya1440
fray1465
oppugn?a1475
sayc1475
envaye1477
pursue1488
envahisshe1489
assaulta1500
to lay to, untoa1500
requirea1500
enterprise?1510
invade1513
assemblec1515
expugn1530
to fare on1535
to fall into ——1550
mount1568
attack?1576
affront1579
invest1598
canvass1599
to take arms1604
attempt1605
to make force at, to, upon1607
salute1609
offence1614
strikea1616
to give a lift at1622
to get at ——1650
insult1697
to walk into ——1794
to go in at1812
to go for ——1838
to light on ——1842
strafe1915
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)]
assail?c1225
to set on ——c1290
saila1300
to turn one's handc1325
lashc1330
to set against ——c1330
impugnc1384
offendc1385
weighc1386
checka1400
to lay at?a1400
havec1400
to set at ——c1430
fraya1440
rehetea1450
besail1460
fray1465
tuilyie1487
assaulta1500
enterprise?1510
invade1513
sturt1513
attempt1546
lay1580
tilt1589
to fall aboard——1593
yoke1596
to let into1598
to fall foul1602
attack1655
do1780
to go in at1812
to pitch into ——1823
tackle1828
vampire1832
bushwhack1837
to go for ——1838
take1864
pile1867
volcano1867
to set about ——1879
vampirize1888
to get stuck into1910
to take to ——1911
weigh1941
rugby-tackle1967
rugger-tackle1967
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack (of hostile agency)
besetOE
infighta1300
saila1300
seeka1300
visitc1340
beclipc1380
entainc1380
seizec1381
offendc1385
affectc1425
rehetea1450
take1483
attaintc1534
prevent1535
attach1541
attempt1546
affront1579
buffeta1593
to get at ——1650
assault1667
insult1697
to lay at1899
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack spiritually
assailc1225
saila1300
assaulta1535
a1300 Cursor Mundi 24846 Þe see þam sailed on ilk side.
c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 4134 When þe dragoun seye com Gij Þe lyoun he forlett, & gan him sayly.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9654 Ne he mai scap, ga quar he ga, þat him ne sailles ai his fa.
a1400–50 Alexander 5559 Þai sett in a sadd sowme & salid his kniȝtes.
c1480 (a1400) St. Justina 395 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 163 Þane, tholand god, hyre he can saile with felone feuere & gret trawale.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xx. 243 The feynd ful fast salys you, In wanhope to gar you fall.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 342 That cruell cald hes saillit him so soir.
2. absol. quasi- intransitive. To make an assault.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (intransitive)]
to lay ona1225
assailc1325
sailc1330
assemblea1375
to fall inc1384
to fall ona1387
givec1430
brunt1440
to set (all) on sevenc1440
to ding on1487
to fall down1534
offend1540
to go on1553
to give on?1611
to let fly1611
strikea1616
insult1638
to set on1670
aggress1708
to carry the war into the enemy's camp1791
hop over1929
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 4364 When alle were set in ylka bataille, & schept..whilk of þam suld formast saile.
c1400 Rom. Rose 7338 Than was ther nought, but ‘Every man Now to assaut, that sailen can’.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 414 ‘Falowis,’ he said, ‘agayn all at this place Thai will nocht saill’.

Derivatives

† ˈsailing n.2 Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > [noun]
fiend-reseOE
frumresec1275
assault1297
sault1297
inracea1300
sailing13..
venuea1330
checkc1330
braid1340
affrayc1380
outrunningc1384
resinga1387
wara1387
riota1393
assailc1400
assayc1400
onset1423
rake?a1425
pursuitc1425
assemblinga1450
brunta1450
oncominga1450
assembly1487
envaya1500
oncomea1500
shovea1500
front1523
scry1523
attemptate1524
assaulting1548
push1565
brash1573
attempt1584
affront?1587
pulse1587
affret1590
saliaunce1590
invasion1591
assailment1592
insultation1596
aggressa1611
onslaught1613
source1616
confronta1626
impulsion1631
tentative1632
essaya1641
infall1645
attack1655
stroke1698
insult1710
coup de main1759
onfall1837
hurrah1841
beat-up of quarters1870
offensive1887
strafe1915
grand slam1916
hop-over1918
run1941
strike1942
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > action
sailing13..
assailing1340
insultation1596
attacking1657
assaulting1675
the offensive1879
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by some hostile or injurious agency
onfalleOE
oncomea1225
sailing13..
visitinga1382
siegec1385
assault1508
visitation1535
assaulting1548
onset1566
assailment1592
blow1594
insult1603
attempt1662
attack1665
offencea1677
seizure1881
13.. K. Alis. 7392 Aither gan so areche, With 'saylyng, and with smytyng.
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 8257 In þe first of þat seylinge Þai slowen michel heþen genge.
1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 24206 I [Sekenesse] overthrowe hir [sc. Helthe] ageyn,..And, ne were that medicyne Ys cause that she doth releve, My sayllyng shold hir often greve.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† sailv.3

Forms: Middle English sayle, Middle English saile, saille, sailly; also (sense 3) 1600s sailie.
Etymology: < Old French saillir to dance, also as in modern French to issue forth, sally, to project = Provençal salir , salhir to dance, issue forth, Spanish salir , Portuguese sahir to go out, Italian salire to ascend, < Latin salīre (present indicative salio ) to leap. Compare sally v.2
Obsolete.
1. intransitive. To dance.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > [verb (intransitive)]
frikec1000
sail1297
dancec1300
sault1377
tripc1386
balea1400
hopc1405
foota1425
tracec1425
sallyc1440
to dance a fita1500
fling1528
to tread a measure, a dance1577
trip1578
traverse1584
move1594
to shake heels1595
to shake it1595
firk1596
tripudiate1623
pettitoe1651
step1698
jink1718
to stand up1753
bejig1821
to toe and heel (it)1828
morris1861
hoof1925
terp1945
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 5633 Vor þe deuel com biuore him & hoppede & lou & saylede & pleyde & made ioye ynou.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiii. 233 I can..noyther sailly ne saute, ne synge with þe gyterne.
2. To issue forth, sally.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > lay siege [verb (intransitive)] > sally
to fall out1535
breakc1540
sally1560
sail1583
sorta1600
sortie1899
1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries iii. 93 The Souldiers of the Towne, sayling out, chased the Enemy.
3. Architecture. To project from a surface. to sail over = oversail v.3
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [verb (intransitive)] > project
sail1563
jetty1598
1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Civv The Proiectures be like vnto their heightes but that Corona, doth sayle ouer twise his height.
1664 J. Evelyn Acct. Archit. in tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. 138 That part of Corona which sailies over.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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