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ruddern. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian rōder , rōr rudder (West Frisian roer ), Middle Dutch rōder oar, rudder, (also, rare) rōer rudder (Dutch roer rudder), Middle Low German rōder , rūder , rōr oar, rudder, Old High German ruodar oar, rudder (Middle High German ruoder , German Ruder , in non-specialist use still typically ‘oar’ rather than ‘rudder’) < the Germanic base of row v.1 + a suffix forming instrumental nouns; a morphologically parallel but probably (on semantic grounds) independent formation is shown by Old Icelandic róðr , Norwegian ror , early modern Danish roer , all in sense ‘act of rowing’. The original sense of the word in West Germanic was apparently ‘oar’ (as the derivation from the Germanic base of row v.1 suggests); the earliest rudders were specialized oars, and it was for this reason that the word developed the sense ‘rudder’. Compare also (with different suffix) Old Icelandic ræði oar (chiefly in poetry). Compare further ( < Middle Low German) Norwegian ror rudder, Old Swedish rodher oar, rudder (Swedish roder rudder, formerly also ‘oar’), Danish ror rudder (1561 or earlier as roer). Compare post-classical Latin rotherum (1295 in a British source), Anglo-Norman rother (c1358), both in sense ‘rudder’.In Old English apparently a strong neuter, but probably occasionally a strong masculine (and so perhaps in sense 2c). The use as agent noun (see sense 2c) perhaps partly reflects a separate formation from the same base. A prefixed form gerōðor (neuter plural) oars (compare y- prefix) is also attested. On the change of original ð to d in the γ. forms compare R. Jordan Handb. der mittelenglischen Grammatik (1934) §206. With the shortening of Middle English close ō to ŭ compare the discussion at mother n.1; see also E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §18. In form rather at δ. forms apparently reflecting unrounding of the vowel. The γ. forms are apparently attested earlier as a surname: Willielmus Roddere (1199). I. A device for steering, and related senses. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > rowing apparatus > [noun] > oar eOE (1890) 116/1 Tonsa, roðr. eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory (Hatton) (1871) lviii. 445 Ne mæg hit [sc. ðæt scip] no stille gestondan, buton hit ankor gehæbbe, oððe mon mid roðrum ongean tio. OE (1955) 188 Palmula, roðres blæd. c1300 (?c1225) (Cambr.) (1901) l. 188 (MED) Wiþute sail & roþer Vre schip bigan to swymme. a1450 (1969) l. 1738 I go..Swyftyr þanne schyp wyth rodyr. ?c1475 (BL Add. 15562) f. 106 A Rudyr [1483 BL Add. 89074 Ruder], vbi Are. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece (1858) III. 53 But saill or ruthir in the mirk midnycht, And mvneles als withoutin ony licht. 1600 M. Drayton (rev. ed.) f. 82 v The Swans with musick that the Roothers make..come gliding on the lake. 2. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > steering oar society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > rudder α. eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory (Hatton) (1871) lvi. 433 Gif se stiora his stiorroðor [L. clavum] gehilt, ðonne cymð he orsorglice to lande. 1294–5 Naval Acct. in B. Sandahl (1951) I. 127 In ij. Rotheres ferro ligandis vj.s.viij.d. 1336 in N. H. Nicolas (1847) II. 472 (MED) [Item, in two] rothres [price of each, 2 s.]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 141 Suche briddes and foules..haue long tailes..by þe whiche þey reule hemself in fliȝt as þe roþir [L. gubernaculum] reuliþ and steriþ þe schippe. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng (Harl.) 4624 A shyppe þat ys turned with þe roþer. 1447 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Feb. 1447 §16. m. 3 They toke..the rother of the ship, the saile, and all the bonettis. 1486 in M. Oppenheim (1896) 14 Tymbre..in makyng of a newe Rother. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus II. James iii. f. xxxiiiv Whither so euer the shippe maisters mynde that gouerneth the rother will set it. 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi 37 The Barke abandoned of her Rother, ranne whither the wind carried her. 1704 D. Defoe 253 About Three of the Clock in the Morning, we lost all our Anchors and drove to Sea: about Six we lost our Rother. 1754 M. Murray sig. Aa5v/1 Make the breadth of the rother, at the lower end in large ships ⅛..of the extreme breadth of the ship. 1805 127 Rudder, or Rother. eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius (Otho) (2009) I. xxii. 488 Eac [þu] sædes ðætte God wiolde ea[ll]ra gesceafta mid ðæm stiorroðre his goodnesse [l. bonitatis clavo]. 1340 (1866) 160 (MED) Discrecion..is þe cartere of uirtues..and þe roþer [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues gouernour] of þe ssipe of þe zaule. c1390 in F. J. Furnivall (1901) ii. 716 (MED) In-to þat schip þer longed a Rooþur Þat steered þe schip & gouerned hit..Þe Roþur was nouþer Ok ne Elm, Hit was Edward þe þridde, þe noble kniht. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) ii. 2494 (MED) The Schip of love hath lost his Rother. 1556 R. Record 269 The bright starre in the foote of the roother of Argus. 1622 G. de Malynes iii. 68 The Kings authority..must be the true Palynurus, and sit at the Rudder of the Ship of Traffique, to reforme abuses. 1641 W. Prynne 292 I must now turne about my rudder, and take a short survey of our Welch Bishops. 1702 T. Brown tr. V. de Voiture in 102 During this Tempest, did he not always keep his Rudder in one hand, and his Compass in the other? 1849 F. Steinitz 337 The people were more or less able to govern themselves, and the representatives more or less worthy of sitting at the rudder of government. 1869 A. J. Evans xxiii. 305 She was set once more adrift in the world, without chart or rudder save that furnished by her will. 1931 G. F. Stout 14 Knowledge of this type..leaves us adrift on the ocean of being, with oars indeed, but without rudder or compass. 2000 Aug. 9/3 [He] has spent more than 25 years at the rudder of one of the country's most august magazines. society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > helmsman or pilot OE (1955) 187 Gubernio, steora. Nauta, roþer, uel Remex, reðra. a1425 (Stonyhurst) f. 55 v Remex, a rothar, a sterres mon. c1540 (?a1400) (2002) f. 47 v There light þai full lyfely lept into bote And were set ouer soundly into the same yle Right with a rother and rayket to bonke. society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > one who guides α. eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius (Otho) (2009) I. xxii. 485 He [sc. God] is ana staðolfæst wealdend and stiora and steorroðer and helma [L. veluti quidem clavus atque gubernaculum]. c1460 (?c1400) 212 (MED) I shuld be a rothir To set ȝewe in governaunce by riȝtful Iugement. c1475 (Trin. Cambr.) (1928) 509 (MED) The holy aungell..was sent To shew vnto the fadyr and modyr Of thys most holy vyrgyn the entent..Of oure feythe to be the guyde and rother. 1509 S. Hawes 29 God onmypotent Whiche is aboue, of all the worlde the rother. 1559 W. Baldwin et al. Clarence lxvii Knowing fansie was the forcing rother, Which stiereth youth to any kinde of strife, He offered me his daughter to my wife. 1616 J. Lane (Douce 170) (1888) vi. 159 Yet so as wisdome holdinge our loves rother, Wee lovinglie and iustelie yeeld t' each other. 1637 H. Sydenham 20 Speech is the..sterne and rother of the soule. a1552 J. Leland (1711) VII. 69 The Wyndowes be full of Rudders. Peradventure it was his Badge or Token of the Amiraltye. 1599 R. Linche sig. Ziiijv Vnto Fortune was giuen the sterne or rudder of a ship, to signifie, that shee doth rule, commaund, and gouerne all humane things whatsoeuer. 1624 E. Bolton xxiv. 88 The rudder, or helme of a ship, which here Britania holds downward in her right hand as a rest, doth ordinarily signifie..that the countrey whose figure appears vpon the metal, is an iland. 1697 R. Gale tr. L. Jobert ix. 165 Asia is represented by a Serpent, and a Rudder; which shews it to be a Country, whither they could not come but by Sea. 1735 J. Barrow II. at Nemesis [A] magnificent statue..dedicated to her. He describes her with wings on her shoulders, and the rudder of a ship hard by her side. 1782 6 184 The same arms are repeated on the stern. On each side the rudder is a port hole with a brass cannon. 1847 J. Leitch tr. K. O. Müller 448 Fortuna as a ruler of the world in the starry mantle, crowned, with sceptre and rudder. 1866 H. Hayman tr. Homer I. App. F., p. cxv A coin engraved in Smith's Dictionary of the Bible.., shows a rudder represented which illustrates this shovel-shape. 1905 41 116/2 [A borough seal in] Ipswich, where the ship has a rudder of large dimensions, one upon which two men are hauling at ropes. 1974 J. Hall (rev. ed.) 127 She [sc. Fortune] may..have a rudder, a billowing sail,..and ride on a shell or a dolphin. 2009 D. Gerr x. 167 Figure 10-4 shows a rudder with 17 percent balance, which years of trial and error have demonstrated to be about ideal. society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > [noun] > movable control surface > rudder or elevator 1784 June 446/2 I have also a rudder to steer by in an aerial journey. 1843 38 278 The broad horizontal rudder, or tail, H, capable of being turned on its hinge to any angle, at pleasure, gives the power of ascent and descent when the propellers are used. 1879 IX. 321/1 His automatic rudder. This consists of a small elastic aero-plane placed aft or behind the principal aero-plane which is also elastic. 1910 R. Ferris vi. 116 The rudder for steering to left or right is mounted at the extreme rear end of the body. 1960 Dec. 73/3 When the air gets too thin..the adaptive autopilot will switch away from the rudder and ailerons. 2008 May 64/2 The stick you hold and the pedals you push are connected to the wing flaps and the rudder with wires and pulleys. 3. 1733 S. Humphreys tr. N. A. Pluche I. ii. x. 29 This Rudder is not only instrumental in preserving the Equilibrium of the Flight; it likewise enables the Bird to rise, descend and turn where he pleases. 1796 tr. F. Le Vaillant I. 183 Their quills are equally strong, elastic, and proper to form a rudder when these fowls swim through the water in pursuit of fish. 1832 J. Campbell xl. 149 The tail [of the beaver]..serves as a rudder to direct the animal's course when in the water. 1872 E. Coues 277 The natatorial limb becomes a rudder as well as an oar. 1903 H. Johnston vii. 138 The otter..propels itself with all four limbs, using the tail as a great rudder. 1953 K. M. Briggs Gloss. 213 The Shetland water kelpie..was like a horse, but his tail was shaped like the rim of a wheel, and he used it as a rudder in the water. 1996 11 Jan. 21/2 Its tail vertebrae are fused into one bone called a pygostyle, allowing the tail to be used as a rudder during flight. 2008 S. Driver III. 1062 Their [sc. polar bears'] hind legs..are held together to form a rudder for steering. the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > tail > feather(s) of > used for steering 1884 E. Coues (ed. 2) 115 Rectrices, Rudders, or true tail-feathers,..are usually stiff, well-pronounced feathers, pennaceous to the very base of the vexilla. 1900 O. T. Miller xxv. 113 The feathers of the tail are called rectrices, or ‘rudders’, because they are supposed to be used to steer. 1943 C. A. Wood & F. M. Fyfe tr. Frederick II of Hohenstaufen i. liii. 90/2 Above the twelve retrices, or rudders, there are much smaller feathers. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Lutra (otter) > parts of 1898 in W. A. Morgan II. 139 Difficult it is, and not altogether safe, for the huntsman to get hold of his rudder (tail) and drag him to the bank. 1941 H. Cory 34 When swimming submerged the animal uses the forefeet for paddling and the hind feet, assisted by the rudder, for steering. 1965 P. Wayre xi. 151 Canadian otters are larger and bulkier [than British ones] with broader and deeper heads and thicker rudders. 1999 R. Deakin (2000) xi. 128 You must keep steerage way..by swimming faster than the river. You realise why the otter's tail is called its rudder. society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [noun] > use of rudder 1850 J. W. Griffiths iii. 102/2 For steering purposes, the rudder should be placed at the termination of the lines of the bottom, and when this is the case much less rudder is required. 1872 20 Aug. 10/2 As the latter [crew] again came up more rudder was put on the leading boat. 1915 G. C. Loening xii. 156 Side-slipping is apt to result in a nose dive, and is first overcome by more rudder and less bank. 1936 W. H. McCormick x. 86 In order to turn an aeroplane to the right, right rudder is put on by moving the right-hand end of the rudder bar gently forward by means of the right foot. 1945 C. J. Plummer 102 A single screw right-handed ship, loaded so deep she is ‘smelling the bottom’ and therefore taking a lot of rudder to make her answer. 1978 J. S. Evans iv. 151 Let it be assumed that our aeroplane is in cruising flight, with sufficient rudder applied to prevent propwash-induced yaw. 2002 Summer 16/2 I rolled the old bomber over on its side, hauled back on the wheel, fed in some top rudder. II. Other senses. the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > brewers' utensils 1410 in J. Raine (1865) III. 49 (MED) Brasinum:..de j schakyngsiff, j tempse, j ryyngsiff, cum iiij rothers. (Harl. 221) 328 Maschel, or rothyr, or maschscherel, remulus, palmula, mixtorium. 1455 in P. E. Jones (1954) V. 184 (MED) [All the vessels, utensils, and brewing hustlements..in the brewhouse..A] watertyne, [a] treye [for] yest..[3] rothers. 1553 J. Withals f. 44/2 A rudder or instrumet to stere the mashe fat with, rutabulum. 1648 Inventory in (1844) I. 372 Ane maskeine fatt, ane taptrie and ane maskine rudder. 1707 J. Mortimer 570 You must press it down with your Hands or Rudder, with which you use to stir your Malt or Moaks. 1763 (1764) 1 202 This is to be well mashed, and stirred about with the rudder for near half an hour. 1847 8 ii. 329 The stirrer, or ‘rudder’, is similar to those used by brewers. 1996 P. Sambrook ii. 63 The rudder was also used as an agitator for the copper when heating the liquor during the initial boil. 1747 W. Hooson sig. R3v Rudder, an Instrument of Iron, or at least the end of it; 'tis much like the Head of a Lance,..but made somewhat broader..; the Handle about two Foot long; this we Use to let in the ends of Sliders or Head-trees. Phrases1666 G. Torriano Proverbial Phrases 286/2 in La nave, che non vuol timone, havrà lo scoglio. That ship which will have no rudder, must have a rock. 1822 B. D'Israeli in 31 Dec. 3/3 There is a Cornish proverb—‘Those who will not be ruled by the rudder, must be ruled by the rock.’ The strands of Cornwall, so often covered with wrecks, could not fail to impress on the imagination of its inhabitants the objects whence they drew this salutary proverb against obstinate wrongheads. 1867 A. D. Richardson xxxix. 476 Let Brigham ponder the lesson. ‘He who will not be ruled by the rudder must be ruled by the rock.’ 1911 B. Wilberforce 79 ‘He who will not be ruled by the rudder must be ruled by the rock,’ but ruled he must be. 1975 2 Dec. 4/5 Speaking of the need in all lives for discipline and living by the rules, an unknown author put it well, ‘He who will not be ruled by the rudder must be ruled by the rocks.’ 2004 S. F. Pickering 85 I urged Edward to complete his college applications. ‘Those who refused to be ruled by the rudder will be ruled by the rock,’ I said. Compounds C1. 1611 R. Cotgrave Heaulmiere, the Rudder-part of a ship. 1862 14 Mar. 184/3 Rudder-steering is, for all war purposes, a most rude and imperfect process. 1915 S. H. Carden in M. Gilbert (1972) III. Compan. i. 625 Large rudder power makes her sufficiently handy although starboard engines out of action. 1942 G. C. Manning 64 The control gear is the device for starting and stopping the rudder movement. 2009 J. Scott 40 He ordered a steering casualty drill..to test the officers' ability to guide the ship in case the Liberty lost rudder power. 1526 Acts xxvii. 40 They..lowsed the rudder bondes [Gk. τὰς ζευκτηρίας τῶν πηδαλίων, L. iuncturas gubernaculorum] and hoysed vppe the mayne sayle to the wynde. 1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten i. xciii. 167/1 So that our Ruther-staffe [Du. die lay van 't roer] brake, and two more..broke likewise..on being put into it. a1653 Z. Boyd (1855) 10 The force of seas hath broke the Rudder-band. 1703 R. Neve 235 Rother-nails..are principally to fasten Rother Irons to Ships, and require a full Head. 1769 W. Falconer Transl. French Sea-terms Boite du gouvernail, the rudder-case, or the box placed above the rudder-head,..through which the tiller passes. 1787 D. Bushnell Let. Oct. in (1799) 4 310 He..struck, as he supposes, a bar of iron, which passes from the rudder hinge, and is spiked under the ship's quarter. 1822 3 32 A length [of cable] must first be cut off..sufficiently long, that, when doubled and middled, it may reach from the upper part of the rudder-case to the heel of the stern-post. 1828 W. P. Cumby Let. 20 Mar. in (1884) 5 Apr. 262 Captain Cooke joined us in partaking of some cold meat, &c., on the Rudder head. 1837 F. Marryat (ed. 2) I. x. 117 He makes his appearance at the rudder-chains. 1874 S. J. P. Thearle (new ed.) I. 67 Rudder-pendants, which secure the rudder to the vessel. 1884 Sept. 156/1 Said elongation at the rudder hinge being swivel jointed to the main shaft. 1918 W. G. McMinnies 234 Rudder post, the upright member to which the rudder is hinged. 1966 D. Stinton viii. 139 If hinge-moments are too high to be handled efficiently, artificial forces may be transmitted through the stick and rudder-pedals by an artificial feel-system. 2005 Oct. 22/2 I found enough room to move the rudder pedals without inadvertently operating the brakes. 1681 N. Grew i. iv. i. 61 His [sc. a humming-bird's] Tail an inch and 1/ 2. In which there are ten black Rudder-Quills 1/ 4 of an inch broad. 1793 27 See nought alas! her services avail; Her boyant pinion, nor the rudder tail. 1835 W. Kirby II. xvii. 163 The rudder-tail here described is that of the male bull-finch. 1860 Dec. 562 The pectoral, caudal, and rudder fin, with their various rays, were blood-red, edged with white. 1930 J. Huxley vi. 102 The transformation of their [sc. birds] originally long and awkward tail, like a kite's, into an efficient rudder-fan..came later. 1960 A. Pryce-Jones 11 This American fishtail is most readily seen in the shape of those great rudder fins, larger every year, which sprout from the sterns of Cadillacs. 2001 J. D. Houston ii. 136 He is like a great fish once marooned back there..with fins and undulating rudder tail suddenly useless. d. In names of birds and fishes. See also rudderfish n.the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > erismatura rubida (ruddy duck) 1894 A. Newton et al. 797 Rudder-bird or -duck, a name for Erismatura rubida, one of the Spiny-tailed Ducks. 1909 S. C. Schmucker xii. 163 Such Rudder-birds as the ducks, whose tails are almost lacking, have little power to suddenly alter the direction of their flight. 1954 30 Nov. 7/3 Utah—muskrat duck, rudder bird and rudder duck. the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > erismatura rubida (ruddy duck) 1884 E. Coues (ed. 2) 715 Erismatura,..Rudder Ducks. Remarkably distinguished from other Fuligulinæ..by the stiffened, linear-lanceolate tail-feathers. 1911 July 22/2 What bird would its bill find useful at tea? Spoon-bill... And which would its tail use to steer with at sea? Rudder-duck. 1954 30 Nov. 7/3 Utah—muskrat duck, rudder bird and rudder duck. the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > member of family Kyphosidae (rudder-fish) 1828 N. Webster at Rudder Rudder perch, a small fish..[which] is said to follow the rudders of ships in the warm parts of the Atlantic. Catesby. Pennant. 1919 XXIII. 752/1 Rudder fish... The Palinurus perciformis, the rudder perch, or black pilot fish of the fishermen of Martha's Vineyard. C2. society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > controls and instruments > [noun] > controls > rudder control 1909 2/2 The rudder bar being adjustable, the rudder can be raised or lowered to any desired position. 1911 C. Grahame-White vii. 96 Behind the pilot, as he sits perched in his seat,..his feet on the rudder bar, are the engine and the propeller. 1959 W. Golding ii. 58 He was helmeted, assured, delicate at the rudder-bar and joystick in the fish-'n-chip smell of the engine oil. 2002 R. N. Buck (2005) ii. 42 I sat in the glider, safety belt fastened, hand on the stick, feet on the rudder bar. 1804 xii. 30 Rudder chocks slung, and at hand to fix, if wanted. 1842 R. D. Hoblyn x. 254 The stream thrown astern by the action of the screw acts similarly to a rudder chock, keeping the helm steadily amidships. 1915 H. Begbie iv. 46 The rudder..pulled against him and creaked grindingly in the rudder-chocks. 2006 G. S. Beard 133 I want you to..ready the spare tiller and rudder chocks. 1928 13 Mar. 11/3 The machine dived into the sea from a height of about 100 ft. after developing what appeared to be rudder flutter. 2007 (Nexis) 27 Nov. The resulting sudden reduction in torsional stiffness led to the onset of rudder flutter. 1804 J. Larwood 14 Mast and rudder making at the root of the trees. 1893 Aug. 383 The forge also includes the smiths' department, the stern-frame and rudder-making plant, and the stamping machines. 1997 F. A. J. de Haas i. 11 On the one hand there is the art of producing the material (the art of rudder-making). c1550 (1979) vi. 32 Than the master cryit on the rudir man. 1868 25 Apr. 121/2 Our boat measures eighty feet by sixteen, with a crew of ten men, besides a reis, rudder-man and boy. 1969 R. E. Palmer viii. 116 He [sc. man] is not so much the rudder man on an already finished ship as rather the architect of the ship itself. 2003 D. Nuvayouma in D. M. McInerney & S. Van Etten v. 85 I am..part of a [canoe] crew that includes 13 people: young women, older women, young men, and the rudder man at the stern. ?1764 E. Darwin (1981) 29 The Steem-Cocks must be managed by hand of the Charioteer, who also directs the Rudder-wheel. 1793 12–15 Jan. One of the spokes of the rudder-wheel having broke..the ship broached to. 1819 J. Keats (1895) 300 The nothing of the day is a machine called the velocipede. It is a wheel carriage to ride cock-horse upon, sitting astride and pushing it along with the toes, a rudder-wheel in hand. 1890 1 Sept. He made a pair of paddle-wheels, built a deck-house,..fitted up a rudder-wheel, launched his creation and was ready for business. 1990 2 175 Flying like this is easy and special,..nothing much to do except adjust the big rudder wheel now and then to keep on course. 2006 (Nexis) 29 June 20 Da Vinci also incorporated a small rudder wheel to steer the car. Derivatives 1733 S. Bowden I. 148 In equal Focus's then floats between, The central String, which guides the whole Machine, While, rudder-like, the Tail beneath is bound. 1851 G. A. Mantell v. §2. 421 The rudder-like, or heterocercal tail, is shown in many of the Ichthyolites. 1999 W. L. Heat Moon x. 436 Twenty-two-foot sweepboats (steered by long, rudder-like oars fore and aft, modification of nineteenth-century Ohio River flatboats). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rudderv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rudder n. Etymology: < rudder n. Compare earlier steer v.1Compare the following earlier example, which apparently shows an independent borrowing < German rudern to row (Middle High German ruodern < ruoder oar: see rudder n.), with remodelling after rudder n.:1836 D. Rupp tr. G. S. F. Pfeiffer Voy. & Five Years' Captivity Algiers x. 37 The galley slaves..can constantly be seen ruddering to and fro [Ger. hin und herrudern] on barges. society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > steering > steer [verb (transitive)] society > travel > air or space travel > ballooning > carry in or as in balloon [verb (transitive)] > steer 1856 R. W. Emerson x. 164 Steam..already..is ruddering the balloon, and the next war will be fought in the air. 1875 ‘Stonehenge’ (ed. 12) ii. viii. i. 613 In sailing to windward, a vessel not only requires her sails to be very carefully trimmed, but she must be ‘ruddered’ with equal care. 1940 ‘N. Shute’ 210 He glanced quickly at the cruiser to check the direction, ruddering slightly to maintain his course. 1952 M. Tripp ii. 35 Hamish pulled back on the throttles, strangling life from the engines; Bergen ruddered and braked hard. 1960 S. Plath 66 A pigeon rudders down. 1973 M. Amis 71 That afternoon,..ruddered by perceptive questions, encouraging smiles and apt generalizations from myself, Rachel Noyes told the story of her life. 1993 Summer 21/2 Gerry ruddered the canoe keeping it at right angles to the wave while I paddled lazily. 2007 K. Bowden 220 I ruddered hard to go right, but the waves were pushing me toward an ugly collision with the boulder. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.eOE v.1856 |
