rucklen.¹

Brit.

/ˈrʌk(ə)l/, U.S.

/ˈrək(ə)l/, Scottish English

/ˈrʌk(ə)l/

Forms: 1700s– ruckle, 1800s– rockle (English regional (Yorkshire)); Scottish 1800s– ruckle, 1900s– rokkel (Shetland), 1900s– rokl (Shetland), 1900s– rukkel (Shetland), 1900s– rukl (Shetland).

Origin: Probably partly formed within English, by derivation. Probably partly a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymons: ruck n.¹, -le suffix 1

Etymology: Probably partly < ruck n.¹ + -le suffix 1, and partly a merging of the reflexes of two distinct borrowings < early Scandinavian: (i) a borrowing of a form cognate with Norwegian regional rukle small heap of twigs on an open hearth, rukla something round and untidy ( < the Scandinavian base of ruck n.¹ + the Scandinavian base of -le suffix 1); and (ii) a borrowing of a form cognate with Norwegian regional rukl something badly constructed or ramshackle, old person or animal, rukla old person or animal, Norwegian (Bokmål) rukkel junk, trash, Swedish regional rukkel something badly constructed or ramshackle, Swedish ruckel ramshackle house, hovel ( < the same Scandinavian base as Norwegian regional rukla to walk slowly and unsteadily, Swedish regional ruckla to totter, sway, a frequentative formation < the Scandinavian base of Swedish regional rucka to sway (see rock v.¹) + the Scandinavian base of Swedish -la -le suffix 3). In Shetland use < the unattested Norn cognates of the Scandinavian words cited above. Compare earlier rickle n.¹

Chiefly English regional (northern) and Scottish.

a. A loosely constructed heap or pile of something; esp. a bundle of sheaves, a stack of peat or turf set up to dry, or a pile of large stones. Cf. rickle n.¹ 1, 2a, ruck n.¹ 1a, 2, 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > mass formed by collection of particles > an accumulation > heap or pile

heapc725

cockeOE

hill1297

tassc1330

glub1382

mow?1424

bulkc1440

pile1440

pie1526

bing1528

borwen1570

ruck1601

rick1608

wreck1612

congest1625

castle1636

coacervation1650

congestion1664

cop1666

cumble1694

bin1695

toss1695

thurrock1708

rucklea1725

burrow1784

mound1788

wad1805

stook1865

boorach1868

barrow1869

sorites1871

tump1892

fid1926

clamp-

a1725 R. Thoresby in Thoresby Soc. Miscellanea (1891) ii. 125 Granted to Robert, son of Galfrid de Percy and his heires..3 particales and a half at Ketespole, neare the great stone Ruckle.

1791 Gentleman's Mag. May 402/1 Several carns of loose stones, piled up in the form of cones, and called by the foresters ruckles, or pikes.

1848 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 9 ii. 507 A piece of rye-grass is pulled out of the top and tied round the head of the ‘ruckle’, as it is called.

1870 J. Lauder Warblings of Caged Bird 38 And the spoutfish hidlin's skulk Underneath each sandy ruckle.

c1882 J. Lucas Stud. Nidderdale 119 After a time..they pile them [sc. pieces of peat] into stacks, which are called ‘ruckles’.

1908 Geol. Mag. 5th Decade 5 533 Small slips from these slopes often take place after heavy rains, leaving bare faces of chalk with a ruckle of soil, rubble, and turf below.

1959 Times 26 Oct. 12/7 The turves from the taits might sometimes be re-stacked into the much larger and taller ruckles.

1993 Caves & Caving Winter 8/3 Several boulder ruckles lead once more to squeezes at water level.

2004 N. Wilson & A. Murphy Scotl. 30 If you do much walking in the Highlands and islands, you are almost certain to come across a ruckle of stones among the bracken, all that remains of a house or cottage.

b. Scottish. Something (esp. a building) which is ramshackle or dilapidated. Also figurative. Now rare. Cf. rickle n.¹ 2b.

ΚΠ

1827 C. I. Johnstone Elizabeth de Bruce I. ii. 17 Cambuskenneth Lodge burning, I'se warrant. My moan is soon made for the auld black ruckle.

1875 N. Elliott Nellie Macpherson 107 I would advise ye tae hae the auld ruckle o' a lock weel creeshed.

1894 ‘I. Maclaren’ Beside Bonnie Brier Bush 173 Ma puir fallow, if it could avail, a' tell ye a' wud lay doon this auld worn-oot ruckle o' a body o' mine juist tae see ye baith sittin' at the fireside, an' the bairns roond ye, couthy an' canty again.

1908 J. Lumsden Doun i' th' Loudons 132 Ere this year is ae mune aulder Dunbar's ruckle laigh sall be.

2014 G. T. Watt in Lallans 84 96 We pass a ruckle o aul biggins wi inbi pairks.

2. Scottish. Chiefly in ruckle of (dry, old) bones. An emaciated broken-down person or animal. Cf. rickle n.¹ 3.

ΚΠ

a1816 E. Picken Dict. Sc. Lang. (1818) at Ruckle When a person is much wasted in body, he is said to be nothing but a ruckle of bones.

1820 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 7 159/1 It's but a ruckle o' dry banes and yellow hair, wi' a raw hide thrown owre them.

1870 D. Livingstone Let. Nov. in Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. (1873) 17 72 I was in pain nearly every step of the way, and arrived, a mere ruckle of bones, to find myself destitute.

1876 J. Smith Archie & Bess 76 Naething but an auld skinny ruckle o' banes.

1882 J. Longmuir & D. Donaldson Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (rev. ed.) IV. 71/2 He's jist a ruckle o' auld banes noo.

1926 W. Queen We're a' Coortin 26 Auld skinny-ma-link, ruckle -o'-banes.

1932 A. Horsbøl tr. J. Jakobsen Etymol. Dict. Norn Lang. in Shetland II. 723/1 Rukl, rukkel,..a wretched, bony animal; a rukkel o' bens; also: a rokkel o' bens. Partly of a very lean person, rukkel (rokkel).

1995 Chapman 81 28 Then Fergusson stood as erect as he could, Tho' deceased, an a ruckle o banes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rucklen.²

Brit.

/ˈrʌk(ə)l/, U.S.

/ˈrək(ə)l/, Scottish English

/ˈrʌk(ə)l/

Forms: 1800s– ruckle, 1900s– rukkle (Scottish (Shetland)).

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ruckle v.³

Etymology: < ruckle v.³ Compare Norwegian (Bokmål, regional) rukkel , (Nynorsk) rukl rattling in the throat, impurity of voice. Compare earlier ruttle n.¹ and rickle n.²

Originally Scottish.

A rattling or gurgling noise; spec. such a noise in the throat of a dying person, the death rattle.Recorded earliest in death-ruckle n. at death n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered breathing > [noun] > noisy breathing > hoarseness or croaking in throat > noise due to

ruttle1713

rattle1744

ruckle1815

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 89 That was the death ruckle—he's dead.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Ruckle, a noise in the throat seeming to indicate suffocation.

1905 F. W. Bain Draught of Blue Introd. p. xiii The silence, broken only by the ruckle of the rushing water.

1921 A. E. Coppard Adam & Eve & pinch Me 25 The ruckle of partridges, or the nifty gallop of a hare, had been the only mitigation of the living loneliness.

1958 New Shetlander No. 46. 24 Da rukkles o da stane alang da waa wis juist laek thunder.

2006 Australian (Nexis) 6 Dec. (Features section) 20 And the ruckle in her lungs, what had happened to that? And the tightness in her chest?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rucklen.³

Brit.

/ˈrʌkl/, U.S.

/ˈrək(ə)l/

Forms: 1800s– ruckle; also Scottish (Shetland) 1900s– rukkel, 1900s– rukkle, 1900s– rukl.

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Probably also partly a borrowing from Norn. Etymons: ruckle v.²; ruck n.², -le suffix.

Etymology: Either < ruckle v.² or < ruck n.² + -le suffix. In Orkney and Shetland use probably partly < the unattested Norn cognate of Norwegian regional rukla wrinkle, ridge ( < rukka (compare Nynorsk rukke ) crease, wrinkle (see ruck n.²) + -la -le suffix 1). Compare earlier runkle n.

A crease, wrinkle, or ridge, esp. one of a series. Cf. ruck n.² Usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > [noun] > wrinkled condition > wrinkle or crease

rimpleeOE

frouncec1374

runklea1400

wrinklea1420

ruge?a1425

crimple1440

wreathc1440

wrimple1499

rumple?a1513

scrumple?a1513

wimple1513

crease1578

bag1587

crinkle1596

pucker1598

press1601

crumple1607

creasing1665

ruck1774

cramp1828

fold1840

ruckle1853

bumfle1867

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > [noun] > wrinkled condition > wrinkle or crease > small

wrinklet1845

ruckle1853

1853 G. J. Cayley Las Alforjas I. 37 There is a ruckle in the bed-clothes over his breast as if his arms were crossed.

1866 T. Edmondston Etymol. Gloss. Shetland & Orkney Dial. 94 Ruckle, a wrinkle.

1905 Shetland Times 3 June The deep, broad ‘rukkles’ of the belly [of a whale].

1909 A. Dudeney Rachel Lorian i. i. 15 She smoothed on her arm the long, pale ruckles of her gloves.

1953 H. E. Bates in Lilliput July/Aug. 60/2 Her stockings..had slipped slightly down in concertina ruckles over her stout legs.

2006 O: Oprah Mag. (Nexis) July 129 I am a soul, not a faulty digestive system. Not a bad neck; not my ruckles and wrinkles and pouches.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rucklev.¹

Brit.

/ˈrʌkl/, U.S.

/ˈrək(ə)l/

Forms: early Middle English rukele, early Middle English rukeli (south-west midlands), Middle English rokely (south-eastern), 1800s– ruckle (English regional).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ruck n.¹, -le suffix 3

Etymology: < ruck n.¹ + -le suffix 3. Compare ruck v.² With post-medieval, regional use compare earlier ruckle n.¹ and ruckling n.²

Now English regional (Yorkshire and Somerset).

transitive. To pile up, heap together. Now: spec. (English regional (Yorkshire)) to gather (clover) into a sheaf or sheaves; (English regional (Somerset)) to pile up (turves) to dry. Cf. ruckle n.¹, ruckling n.²

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps > accumulate > heap or pile up

heapc1000

ruck?c1225

ruckle?c1225

givelc1300

upheap1469

binga1522

pilec1540

copa1552

bank1577

hill1581

plet1584

conglomerate1596

acervate1623

coacervate1623

tilea1643

aggest1655

coacerve1660

pyramida1666

aggerate1693

big1716

bepilea1726

clamp1742

bulk1822

pang1898

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 159 Þe ȝiscere is his [sc. the devil's] eskebach..stureð him to rukelem [a1250 Nero rukelen; c1225 Titus rukele; a1400 Pepys rokely; c1230 Corpus rukelin] ham to gedere..monie ruken.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 159 Al þet he rukeleð [a1300 Caius rukeled; a1250 Titus rukeles; a1400 Pepys rokeleþ] & gedereð to gederes..Schal inhelle wurðen him toaden & neddren.

1842 Brit. Farmer's Mag. 5 186/1 I was advised to gayte or ruckle it [sc. clover].., as is sometimes practised by the best farmers in this neighbourhood.

1851 Brit. Farmer's Mag. 19 384/1 Ask a Nottinghamshire man why he does not ruckle his clover,..[and he] will tell you..that it is not necessary.

1904 Eng. Dial. Dict. V. 174/2 Complainant..agreed to dig and ruckle defendant's turf at 7s. per load and cider.

1984 J. Seymour Forgotten Arts (1985) 63/2 The turfs are piled up to dry in windrows, which look like low, loose walls, and then ruckled, or gathered into pyramid-shaped heaps.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rucklev.²

Brit.

/ˈrʌkl/, U.S.

/ˈrək(ə)l/

Forms: 1600s– ruckle; also Scottish (Shetland) 1900s– rukkel, 1900s– rukl; also Irish English (northern) 1900s– rachle.

Origin: Apparently either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) a borrowing from early Scandinavian, combined with an English element. Perhaps also partly a borrowing from Norn. Etymons: ruck v.⁴, -le suffix 3.

Etymology: Apparently < ruck v.⁴ (although this is first attested slightly later) or its Scandinavian etymon + -le suffix 3. In Orkney and Shetland use perhaps partly < an unattested Norn verbal derivative of the unattested cognate of Norwegian regional rukla wrinkle, ridge (see ruckle n.³). Compare earlier rucked adj.¹ and later ruck n.² Compare also earlier runkle v.

1. intransitive. Esp. of fabric or clothing: to work up into untidy folds or ridges; to become creased or wrinkled; to ‘ride up’. Chiefly with up; also with down, etc. Cf. ruck v.⁴ 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > become corrugated [verb (intransitive)] > become wrinkled

rivelOE

snurpc1300

runklea1425

crumple?c1450

wrinkle1528

purse1597

pucker1598

crinklea1600

crimple1600

rumple1622

ruckle1695

ruck1758

crunkle1825

pocket1873

crease1876

full1889

concertina1918

furrow1961

1695 Family-dict., or Houshold Compan. at Lace Set in order the Gimp or Overlayings, if it be Point, not suffering it to ruckle.

1700 C. P. Sheepherd's New Kalender 102 If it [sc. the belly] be old, in pinching it will be tough & ruckle up.

1853 G. J. Cayley Las Alforjas I. 4 I..buttoned the straps of my trousers to prevent them ruckling up.

1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 188 The bandage ruckles up so, it must come off.

1913 W. H. Hodgson Carnacki Ghost-finder v. 208 Trying whether the mats would really fall flat when the doors were open, or merely ruckle upward again.

1934 H. E. Bates Lily in W. S. Maugham Introd. Mod. Eng. & Amer. Lit 107 His old wine-red waistcoat ruckled up over his heavy chest made him look dwarfer and thicker still.

2003 N. Slater Toast 119 I stand up and pull my left sock up, which has ruckled down to my ankle.

2. transitive. To cause to form folds or ridges; to crease, wrinkle. Also: to gather (fabric) into small folds or pleats; to ruche. Cf. ruck v.⁴ 1a, 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > corrugate [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle or crease

frounce1390

frumple1398

crunklec1400

plighta1425

crinklec1430

crimple1440

rimple1440

rivel1543

wrinkle1543

crease1588

shrivel1609

befrumple1611

frowze1611

wrimple1611

pucker1616

furl1689

ruck1706

runkle1720

crink1821

furrow1853

crumple1858

ruckle1866

bumfle1911

1866 T. Edmondston Etymol. Gloss. Shetland & Orkney Dial. 94 Ruckle, to wrinkle... Ruckled, wrinkled.

1889 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 295 His face is shiny and is ruckled with high ridges and low furrows.

1903 Daily Chron. 23 May 8/4 The lace is arranged up on a frame of chiffon ruckled by hand.

1932 A. Horsbøl tr. J. Jakobsen Etymol. Dict. Norn Lang. in Shetland II. 723/1 De skin is rukkeld.

1963 A. Smith Throw out Two Hands (1966) i. 21 The fabric of the balloon..will then lie empty on the ground, quivering slightly as the wind blows and ruckles its surface.

2004 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 7 Oct. 61 The pressure of water ruckled up the asphalt like a carpet and massive ruts were gouged.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rucklev.³

Brit.

/ˈrʌkl/, U.S.

/ˈrək(ə)l/

Forms: 1700s– ruckle, 1900s– rouchle (Scottish (Orkney)).

Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: Probably the reflex of a borrowing < early Scandinavian (compare Norwegian regional rukla to make a rattling sound in the throat) < a Germanic base ultimately of imitative origin (probably the same as Gothic hrukjan to crow: see rook n.¹) + the Germanic base of -le suffix 3. Compare also the West Germanic forms cited at rough v.¹ Compare earlier ruttle v. and rickle v.¹Earlier currency is perhaps implied by quot. 1559 at ruckling adj.

intransitive. To make a rattling or gurgling sound; (also) to move while making such a sound. Cf. ruttle v., rattle v.¹ 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [verb (intransitive)] > rattle

rattlec1330

hoursch?a1400

rottlea1400

ruttlea1400

ricklec1400

to tirl at the latch, at the sneck15..

clitter1530

ruckle1700

jar1735

knock1869

ratchet1907

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered breathing > have or cause breathing disorder [verb (intransitive)] > breathe noisily > make rattling noise in throat

rottlea1400

ruttlea1400

rattle1589

ruckle1700

1700 C. P. Sheepherd's New Kalender 25 If the Water Ruckles much, and frequent Bubles arise, the storm is of a short continuance.

1864 D. W. Thompson Day Dreams of Schoolmaster (ed. 2) vi. 72 When you row a boat against the stream, you hear the water ruckling at the prow.

1870 E. E. Middleton Cruise of Kate ii. 28 If there was a breeze, ruckle, ruckle, ruckle compelled attention to one rope.

1908 C. M. Doughty Wanderings in Arabia I. in Academy 7 Mar. 532/2 There all night they [sc. the camels] lie ruckling and chawing their huge cuds till the light of the morrow.

1963 C. Kallman Absent & Present 54 She Downstairs will hear it ruckle by, Passing by to its destination, To the sea.

2000 S. Douglass Wounded Hawk iii. vii. 250 She writhed about feebly,..her breath ruckling in and out with her suffering.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹a1725

n.²1815

n.³1853

v.¹?c1225

v.²1695

v.³1700

单词	ruckle
释义	rucklen.¹ Brit. /ˈrʌk(ə)l/, U.S. /ˈrək(ə)l/, Scottish English /ˈrʌk(ə)l/ Forms: 1700s– ruckle, 1800s– rockle (English regional (Yorkshire)); Scottish 1800s– ruckle, 1900s– rokkel (Shetland), 1900s– rokl (Shetland), 1900s– rukkel (Shetland), 1900s– rukl (Shetland). Origin: Probably partly formed within English, by derivation. Probably partly a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymons: ruck n.¹, -le suffix 1 Etymology: Probably partly < ruck n.¹ + -le suffix 1, and partly a merging of the reflexes of two distinct borrowings < early Scandinavian: (i) a borrowing of a form cognate with Norwegian regional rukle small heap of twigs on an open hearth, rukla something round and untidy ( < the Scandinavian base of ruck n.¹ + the Scandinavian base of -le suffix 1); and (ii) a borrowing of a form cognate with Norwegian regional rukl something badly constructed or ramshackle, old person or animal, rukla old person or animal, Norwegian (Bokmål) rukkel junk, trash, Swedish regional rukkel something badly constructed or ramshackle, Swedish ruckel ramshackle house, hovel ( < the same Scandinavian base as Norwegian regional rukla to walk slowly and unsteadily, Swedish regional ruckla to totter, sway, a frequentative formation < the Scandinavian base of Swedish regional rucka to sway (see rock v.¹) + the Scandinavian base of Swedish -la -le suffix 3). In Shetland use < the unattested Norn cognates of the Scandinavian words cited above. Compare earlier rickle n.¹ Chiefly English regional (northern) and Scottish. 1. a. A loosely constructed heap or pile of something; esp. a bundle of sheaves, a stack of peat or turf set up to dry, or a pile of large stones. Cf. rickle n.¹ 1, 2a, ruck n.¹ 1a, 2, 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > mass formed by collection of particles > an accumulation > heap or pile heapc725 cockeOE hill1297 tassc1330 glub1382 mow?1424 bulkc1440 pile1440 pie1526 bing1528 borwen1570 ruck1601 rick1608 wreck1612 congest1625 castle1636 coacervation1650 congestion1664 cop1666 cumble1694 bin1695 toss1695 thurrock1708 rucklea1725 burrow1784 mound1788 wad1805 stook1865 boorach1868 barrow1869 sorites1871 tump1892 fid1926 clamp- a1725 R. Thoresby in Thoresby Soc. Miscellanea (1891) ii. 125 Granted to Robert, son of Galfrid de Percy and his heires..3 particales and a half at Ketespole, neare the great stone Ruckle. 1791 Gentleman's Mag. May 402/1 Several carns of loose stones, piled up in the form of cones, and called by the foresters ruckles, or pikes. 1848 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 9 ii. 507 A piece of rye-grass is pulled out of the top and tied round the head of the ‘ruckle’, as it is called. 1870 J. Lauder Warblings of Caged Bird 38 And the spoutfish hidlin's skulk Underneath each sandy ruckle. c1882 J. Lucas Stud. Nidderdale 119 After a time..they pile them [sc. pieces of peat] into stacks, which are called ‘ruckles’. 1908 Geol. Mag. 5th Decade 5 533 Small slips from these slopes often take place after heavy rains, leaving bare faces of chalk with a ruckle of soil, rubble, and turf below. 1959 Times 26 Oct. 12/7 The turves from the taits might sometimes be re-stacked into the much larger and taller ruckles. 1993 Caves & Caving Winter 8/3 Several boulder ruckles lead once more to squeezes at water level. 2004 N. Wilson & A. Murphy Scotl. 30 If you do much walking in the Highlands and islands, you are almost certain to come across a ruckle of stones among the bracken, all that remains of a house or cottage. b. Scottish. Something (esp. a building) which is ramshackle or dilapidated. Also figurative. Now rare. Cf. rickle n.¹ 2b. ΚΠ 1827 C. I. Johnstone Elizabeth de Bruce I. ii. 17 Cambuskenneth Lodge burning, I'se warrant. My moan is soon made for the auld black ruckle. 1875 N. Elliott Nellie Macpherson 107 I would advise ye tae hae the auld ruckle o' a lock weel creeshed. 1894 ‘I. Maclaren’ Beside Bonnie Brier Bush 173 Ma puir fallow, if it could avail, a' tell ye a' wud lay doon this auld worn-oot ruckle o' a body o' mine juist tae see ye baith sittin' at the fireside, an' the bairns roond ye, couthy an' canty again. 1908 J. Lumsden Doun i' th' Loudons 132 Ere this year is ae mune aulder Dunbar's ruckle laigh sall be. 2014 G. T. Watt in Lallans 84 96 We pass a ruckle o aul biggins wi inbi pairks. 2. Scottish. Chiefly in ruckle of (dry, old) bones. An emaciated broken-down person or animal. Cf. rickle n.¹ 3. ΚΠ a1816 E. Picken Dict. Sc. Lang. (1818) at Ruckle When a person is much wasted in body, he is said to be nothing but a ruckle of bones. 1820 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 7 159/1 It's but a ruckle o' dry banes and yellow hair, wi' a raw hide thrown owre them. 1870 D. Livingstone Let. Nov. in Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. (1873) 17 72 I was in pain nearly every step of the way, and arrived, a mere ruckle of bones, to find myself destitute. 1876 J. Smith Archie & Bess 76 Naething but an auld skinny ruckle o' banes. 1882 J. Longmuir & D. Donaldson Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (rev. ed.) IV. 71/2 He's jist a ruckle o' auld banes noo. 1926 W. Queen We're a' Coortin 26 Auld skinny-ma-link, ruckle -o'-banes. 1932 A. Horsbøl tr. J. Jakobsen Etymol. Dict. Norn Lang. in Shetland II. 723/1 Rukl, rukkel,..a wretched, bony animal; a rukkel o' bens; also: a rokkel o' bens. Partly of a very lean person, rukkel (rokkel). 1995 Chapman 81 28 Then Fergusson stood as erect as he could, Tho' deceased, an a ruckle o banes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rucklen.² Brit. /ˈrʌk(ə)l/, U.S. /ˈrək(ə)l/, Scottish English /ˈrʌk(ə)l/ Forms: 1800s– ruckle, 1900s– rukkle (Scottish (Shetland)). Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ruckle v.³ Etymology: < ruckle v.³ Compare Norwegian (Bokmål, regional) rukkel , (Nynorsk) rukl rattling in the throat, impurity of voice. Compare earlier ruttle n.¹ and rickle n.² Originally Scottish. A rattling or gurgling noise; spec. such a noise in the throat of a dying person, the death rattle.Recorded earliest in death-ruckle n. at death n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered breathing > [noun] > noisy breathing > hoarseness or croaking in throat > noise due to ruttle1713 rattle1744 ruckle1815 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 89 That was the death ruckle—he's dead. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Ruckle, a noise in the throat seeming to indicate suffocation. 1905 F. W. Bain Draught of Blue Introd. p. xiii The silence, broken only by the ruckle of the rushing water. 1921 A. E. Coppard Adam & Eve & pinch Me 25 The ruckle of partridges, or the nifty gallop of a hare, had been the only mitigation of the living loneliness. 1958 New Shetlander No. 46. 24 Da rukkles o da stane alang da waa wis juist laek thunder. 2006 Australian (Nexis) 6 Dec. (Features section) 20 And the ruckle in her lungs, what had happened to that? And the tightness in her chest? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rucklen.³ Brit. /ˈrʌkl/, U.S. /ˈrək(ə)l/ Forms: 1800s– ruckle; also Scottish (Shetland) 1900s– rukkel, 1900s– rukkle, 1900s– rukl. Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Probably also partly a borrowing from Norn. Etymons: ruckle v.²; ruck n.², -le suffix. Etymology: Either < ruckle v.² or < ruck n.² + -le suffix. In Orkney and Shetland use probably partly < the unattested Norn cognate of Norwegian regional rukla wrinkle, ridge ( < rukka (compare Nynorsk rukke ) crease, wrinkle (see ruck n.²) + -la -le suffix 1). Compare earlier runkle n. A crease, wrinkle, or ridge, esp. one of a series. Cf. ruck n.² Usually in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > [noun] > wrinkled condition > wrinkle or crease rimpleeOE frouncec1374 runklea1400 wrinklea1420 ruge?a1425 crimple1440 wreathc1440 wrimple1499 rumple?a1513 scrumple?a1513 wimple1513 crease1578 bag1587 crinkle1596 pucker1598 press1601 crumple1607 creasing1665 ruck1774 cramp1828 fold1840 ruckle1853 bumfle1867 the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > [noun] > wrinkled condition > wrinkle or crease > small wrinklet1845 ruckle1853 1853 G. J. Cayley Las Alforjas I. 37 There is a ruckle in the bed-clothes over his breast as if his arms were crossed. 1866 T. Edmondston Etymol. Gloss. Shetland & Orkney Dial. 94 Ruckle, a wrinkle. 1905 Shetland Times 3 June The deep, broad ‘rukkles’ of the belly [of a whale]. 1909 A. Dudeney Rachel Lorian i. i. 15 She smoothed on her arm the long, pale ruckles of her gloves. 1953 H. E. Bates in Lilliput July/Aug. 60/2 Her stockings..had slipped slightly down in concertina ruckles over her stout legs. 2006 O: Oprah Mag. (Nexis) July 129 I am a soul, not a faulty digestive system. Not a bad neck; not my ruckles and wrinkles and pouches. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rucklev.¹ Brit. /ˈrʌkl/, U.S. /ˈrək(ə)l/ Forms: early Middle English rukele, early Middle English rukeli (south-west midlands), Middle English rokely (south-eastern), 1800s– ruckle (English regional). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ruck n.¹, -le suffix 3 Etymology: < ruck n.¹ + -le suffix 3. Compare ruck v.² With post-medieval, regional use compare earlier ruckle n.¹ and ruckling n.² Now English regional (Yorkshire and Somerset). transitive. To pile up, heap together. Now: spec. (English regional (Yorkshire)) to gather (clover) into a sheaf or sheaves; (English regional (Somerset)) to pile up (turves) to dry. Cf. ruckle n.¹, ruckling n.² ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps > accumulate > heap or pile up heapc1000 ruck?c1225 ruckle?c1225 givelc1300 upheap1469 binga1522 pilec1540 copa1552 bank1577 hill1581 plet1584 conglomerate1596 acervate1623 coacervate1623 tilea1643 aggest1655 coacerve1660 pyramida1666 aggerate1693 big1716 bepilea1726 clamp1742 bulk1822 pang1898 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 159 Þe ȝiscere is his [sc. the devil's] eskebach..stureð him to rukelem [a1250 Nero rukelen; c1225 Titus rukele; a1400 Pepys rokely; c1230 Corpus rukelin] ham to gedere..monie ruken. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 159 Al þet he rukeleð [a1300 Caius rukeled; a1250 Titus rukeles; a1400 Pepys rokeleþ] & gedereð to gederes..Schal inhelle wurðen him toaden & neddren. 1842 Brit. Farmer's Mag. 5 186/1 I was advised to gayte or ruckle it [sc. clover].., as is sometimes practised by the best farmers in this neighbourhood. 1851 Brit. Farmer's Mag. 19 384/1 Ask a Nottinghamshire man why he does not ruckle his clover,..[and he] will tell you..that it is not necessary. 1904 Eng. Dial. Dict. V. 174/2 Complainant..agreed to dig and ruckle defendant's turf at 7s. per load and cider. 1984 J. Seymour Forgotten Arts (1985) 63/2 The turfs are piled up to dry in windrows, which look like low, loose walls, and then ruckled, or gathered into pyramid-shaped heaps. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rucklev.² Brit. /ˈrʌkl/, U.S. /ˈrək(ə)l/ Forms: 1600s– ruckle; also Scottish (Shetland) 1900s– rukkel, 1900s– rukl; also Irish English (northern) 1900s– rachle. Origin: Apparently either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) a borrowing from early Scandinavian, combined with an English element. Perhaps also partly a borrowing from Norn. Etymons: ruck v.⁴, -le suffix 3. Etymology: Apparently < ruck v.⁴ (although this is first attested slightly later) or its Scandinavian etymon + -le suffix 3. In Orkney and Shetland use perhaps partly < an unattested Norn verbal derivative of the unattested cognate of Norwegian regional rukla wrinkle, ridge (see ruckle n.³). Compare earlier rucked adj.¹ and later ruck n.² Compare also earlier runkle v. 1. intransitive. Esp. of fabric or clothing: to work up into untidy folds or ridges; to become creased or wrinkled; to ‘ride up’. Chiefly with up; also with down, etc. Cf. ruck v.⁴ 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > become corrugated [verb (intransitive)] > become wrinkled rivelOE snurpc1300 runklea1425 crumple?c1450 wrinkle1528 purse1597 pucker1598 crinklea1600 crimple1600 rumple1622 ruckle1695 ruck1758 crunkle1825 pocket1873 crease1876 full1889 concertina1918 furrow1961 1695 Family-dict., or Houshold Compan. at Lace Set in order the Gimp or Overlayings, if it be Point, not suffering it to ruckle. 1700 C. P. Sheepherd's New Kalender 102 If it [sc. the belly] be old, in pinching it will be tough & ruckle up. 1853 G. J. Cayley Las Alforjas I. 4 I..buttoned the straps of my trousers to prevent them ruckling up. 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 188 The bandage ruckles up so, it must come off. 1913 W. H. Hodgson Carnacki Ghost-finder v. 208 Trying whether the mats would really fall flat when the doors were open, or merely ruckle upward again. 1934 H. E. Bates Lily in W. S. Maugham Introd. Mod. Eng. & Amer. Lit 107 His old wine-red waistcoat ruckled up over his heavy chest made him look dwarfer and thicker still. 2003 N. Slater Toast 119 I stand up and pull my left sock up, which has ruckled down to my ankle. 2. transitive. To cause to form folds or ridges; to crease, wrinkle. Also: to gather (fabric) into small folds or pleats; to ruche. Cf. ruck v.⁴ 1a, 2. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > corrugate [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle or crease frounce1390 frumple1398 crunklec1400 plighta1425 crinklec1430 crimple1440 rimple1440 rivel1543 wrinkle1543 crease1588 shrivel1609 befrumple1611 frowze1611 wrimple1611 pucker1616 furl1689 ruck1706 runkle1720 crink1821 furrow1853 crumple1858 ruckle1866 bumfle1911 1866 T. Edmondston Etymol. Gloss. Shetland & Orkney Dial. 94 Ruckle, to wrinkle... Ruckled, wrinkled. 1889 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 295 His face is shiny and is ruckled with high ridges and low furrows. 1903 Daily Chron. 23 May 8/4 The lace is arranged up on a frame of chiffon ruckled by hand. 1932 A. Horsbøl tr. J. Jakobsen Etymol. Dict. Norn Lang. in Shetland II. 723/1 De skin is rukkeld. 1963 A. Smith Throw out Two Hands (1966) i. 21 The fabric of the balloon..will then lie empty on the ground, quivering slightly as the wind blows and ruckles its surface. 2004 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 7 Oct. 61 The pressure of water ruckled up the asphalt like a carpet and massive ruts were gouged. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rucklev.³ Brit. /ˈrʌkl/, U.S. /ˈrək(ə)l/ Forms: 1700s– ruckle, 1900s– rouchle (Scottish (Orkney)). Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: Probably the reflex of a borrowing < early Scandinavian (compare Norwegian regional rukla to make a rattling sound in the throat) < a Germanic base ultimately of imitative origin (probably the same as Gothic hrukjan to crow: see rook n.¹) + the Germanic base of -le suffix 3. Compare also the West Germanic forms cited at rough v.¹ Compare earlier ruttle v. and rickle v.¹Earlier currency is perhaps implied by quot. 1559 at ruckling adj. intransitive. To make a rattling or gurgling sound; (also) to move while making such a sound. Cf. ruttle v., rattle v.¹ 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [verb (intransitive)] > rattle rattlec1330 hoursch?a1400 rottlea1400 ruttlea1400 ricklec1400 to tirl at the latch, at the sneck15.. clitter1530 ruckle1700 jar1735 knock1869 ratchet1907 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered breathing > have or cause breathing disorder [verb (intransitive)] > breathe noisily > make rattling noise in throat rottlea1400 ruttlea1400 rattle1589 ruckle1700 1700 C. P. Sheepherd's New Kalender 25 If the Water Ruckles much, and frequent Bubles arise, the storm is of a short continuance. 1864 D. W. Thompson Day Dreams of Schoolmaster (ed. 2) vi. 72 When you row a boat against the stream, you hear the water ruckling at the prow. 1870 E. E. Middleton Cruise of Kate ii. 28 If there was a breeze, ruckle, ruckle, ruckle compelled attention to one rope. 1908 C. M. Doughty Wanderings in Arabia I. in Academy 7 Mar. 532/2 There all night they [sc. the camels] lie ruckling and chawing their huge cuds till the light of the morrow. 1963 C. Kallman Absent & Present 54 She Downstairs will hear it ruckle by, Passing by to its destination, To the sea. 2000 S. Douglass Wounded Hawk iii. vii. 250 She writhed about feebly,..her breath ruckling in and out with her suffering. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹a1725n.²1815n.³1853v.¹?c1225v.²1695v.³1700
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