ruggednessn.

Brit.

/ˈrʌɡᵻdnᵻs/, U.S.

/ˈrəɡədnəs/

Forms: see rugged adj.¹ and adv. and -ness suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rugged adj.¹, -ness suffix.

Etymology: < rugged adj.¹ + -ness suffix.

a. The state or character of being rugged; roughness, irregularity, unevenness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > [noun]

unevenness1398

asperitya1492

ruggedness1530

raggedness1538

grabbedness1565

craggedness1598

implanitude1598

inequality1607

salebrosity1638

salebrity1656

salebrousness1727

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 264/1 Ruggydnesse, pellure.

?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe ii. f. vii These thynges are good for tetters, and other ruggednesse of the skynne.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 321 As for the ruggednesse of any blade, it will take it away more effectually..than the very file.

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 86 The utmost smoothness we can come at..is full of..little ruggednesses.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 345 You know not a Man from a Woman, neither by the Ruggedness of their Countenances or their Cloths.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 88. ⁋11 Our language, of which the chief defect is ruggedness and asperity.

1784 S. Johnson Let. 5 Apr. (1994) IV. 307 The unusual length and ruggedness of the winter.

1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. vii. 189 It was merely a ruggedness in the stones..that had excited his curiosity.

1845 J. Bregion & A. Miller Pract. Cook 245 The knife must have a smooth edge, if it has the least ruggedness, it will leave the marks on the salt.

1871 F. T. Palgrave Lyrical Poems 127 Features by keen mountain air Moulded to solemn ruggedness.

1924 B. Dobrée Restoration Comedy i. 15 Men are turning for comfort to the very ruggedness of life, and laughing in the face of it all.

1949 H. Wilcox White Stranger i. 16 I often saw tough Irish Guardsmen lose all their facial ruggedness as H-hour approached, and look about them with the eyes of young boys.

1990 A. S. Byatt Possession xix. 335 They found a hotel..which combined the wind-battered ruggedness of the north with something dreamier and softer and more southern.

b. The fact or quality of having a broken, rocky, and uneven surface. Also: an irregular or uneven feature in the ground, a road, etc. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > ground > [noun] > rough > condition of being

roughness1555

ruggedness1592

brokennessa1856

1592 R. Dallington tr. F. Colonna Hypnerotomachia f. 94 The ruggednesse of the vnpassageable mountaine Caucasus.

1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick ii. ii. 161 Every little ruggednesse or unevennes of the ground.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia A 4 b Where the Ruggedness of the Ways interpose.

1724 T. Townsend tr. A. de Solis Hist. Conquest Mexico iii. iii. 13 The Streets were narrow and crooked, as the Steepness and Ruggedness of the Mountain would allow.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 149 The ruggedness of the road,..leading up the mountain, is not easily described.

1795 R. Adair Whig's Apol. 168 Find we the least ruggedness in our path to makes us toil and stumble, at once we desist from the pursuit.

1836 W. Irving Astoria II. 215 All the discouraging accounts of the ruggedness of the mountains lower down the river.

1862 E. M. Goulburn Thoughts Personal Relig. (1873) iv. i. 253 Crosses, ruggednesses, unpleasant collisions in one day's walk.

1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues IV. 226 The country.., owing to the ruggedness of the soil, not providing anything in great abundance.

1904 Overland Monthly Jan. 32/1 The rocks have equanimity, the mountains ruggedness, the trees sturdiness, the wind savagery.

1948 Times 27 Mar. 5/6 Coring operations were made difficult by the pronounced ruggedness of the sea bed.

2002 Western Daily Press (Nexis) 26 Aug. 21 Within a few minutes we are on the beach, stunned by the sheer ruggedness and beauty of the Pembrokeshire coast.

2. Roughness or severity of character, manner, etc. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [noun]

rethenesseOE

grimness971

sternhead1297

sharpnessa1325

reddoura1375

sternness1382

fiercenessc1384

sturdinessc1384

duressc1400

fellnessc1410

austeritya1425

harshnessc1480

roughness1530

severity1530

durity1543

ungentleness1548

severeness1579

ruggedness1638

atrocity1641

austereness1646

piquancya1677

Draconianism1819

astringency1823

Draconism1832

starkness1884

1638 J. Burroughs Excellency of Gracious Spirit vi. 138 But godlinesse takes off men from this ruggednesse and turbulency of spirit, and makes them gentle and peaceable.

1647 J. Mayne Late Serm. False Prophets 27 All they of that soft Sex, with whom I have converst, have accused me of too great severity, and ruggedness, towards them.

1676 M. Hale Medit. Lord's Prayer 145 in Contempl. Moral & Divine: 2nd Pt. The Pardon that I give, is mingled with ruggedness, with revenge.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 115. ⁋7 A wife who had the ruggedness of a man without his force.

1794 W. Godwin Caleb Williams I. iii. 50 It was in vain that Mr. Tyrrel endeavoured to restrain the ruggedness of his character.

1830 A. Cunningham Lives Brit. Painters (ed. 2) II. 203 The habitual ruggedness of his personal manners.

1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere II. iii. xix. 138 The happiness of the married life had so softened or masked all her ruggedness of character, that there was a certain joy in seeing those strong forces in her..reappear.

1911 Cosmopolitan Mag. Jan. 178/1 The touch of bluntness in his nature, his ruggedness, his impatience, gave no offense.

3. The quality of having a strong or resilient character; manliness; hardiness.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] > prevailing or distinctive qualities

masterya1398

ruggedness1845

the mind > emotion > courage > manliness > [noun]

manshipc1275

manheadc1300

virtuec1330

manhooda1393

manliheadc1425

manful-hardinessc1450

manlinessc1450

manfulnessc1460

virtuosity1543

man1602

manlikeness1742

ruggedness1845

balls1958

1845 Amer. Rev. Jan. 38/1 How long Tennyson is to remain in the ascendant..is a matter upon which the hopes of some who reverence the manliness of the English character and the ruggedness of the English race..may differ.

1889 Sigma Chi Q. Feb. 83 One cannot help feeling that such play [sc. rugby] must be very effective in developing that courage and manliness, that general ruggedness of body and temper.

1953 D. M. Schneider in C. Kluckhohn et al. Personality in Nature, Society & Culture (ed. 2) xxiv. 394 Army basic training is centered on the efficient execution of the masculine role of toughness, ruggedness, ability to ‘take it’.

1995 J. Shreeve Neandertal Enigma (1996) vi. 138 Simek exuded back-country ruggedness, with a face knapped from stone and polished with use.

2007 R. Elliott & L. Percy Strategic Brand Managem. iv. 64 Aaker..demonstrated that five major factors summarized the traits that consumers attributed to..brands: sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication and ruggedness.

4. In a manufactured object: the quality of being strongly constructed; robustness, durability. Cf. rugged adj.¹ 8b.

ΚΠ

1902 Insurance Engin. Sept. 239 This has resulted in a prime mover of high efficiency of operation, of ruggedness of construction and of adaptability to the most severe conditions of service.

1936 Physics 7 75/1 The ruggedness of the simplified extrusion plastometer has been established by over two years of practically uninterrupted service.

1971 Physics Bull. Nov. 644/1 (advt.) Designed to provide the versatility required for laboratory use with the ruggedness of production line equipment.

1992 Men's Health July–Aug. 48/2 These versatile new machines combine the ruggedness and low gears of mountain bikes with the sleekness and speed of road bikes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ruggedness
释义	ruggednessn. Brit. /ˈrʌɡᵻdnᵻs/, U.S. /ˈrəɡədnəs/ Forms: see rugged adj.¹ and adv. and -ness suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rugged adj.¹, -ness suffix. Etymology: < rugged adj.¹ + -ness suffix. 1. a. The state or character of being rugged; roughness, irregularity, unevenness. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > [noun] unevenness1398 asperitya1492 ruggedness1530 raggedness1538 grabbedness1565 craggedness1598 implanitude1598 inequality1607 salebrosity1638 salebrity1656 salebrousness1727 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 264/1 Ruggydnesse, pellure. ?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe ii. f. vii These thynges are good for tetters, and other ruggednesse of the skynne. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 321 As for the ruggednesse of any blade, it will take it away more effectually..than the very file. 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 86 The utmost smoothness we can come at..is full of..little ruggednesses. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 345 You know not a Man from a Woman, neither by the Ruggedness of their Countenances or their Cloths. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 88. ⁋11 Our language, of which the chief defect is ruggedness and asperity. 1784 S. Johnson Let. 5 Apr. (1994) IV. 307 The unusual length and ruggedness of the winter. 1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. vii. 189 It was merely a ruggedness in the stones..that had excited his curiosity. 1845 J. Bregion & A. Miller Pract. Cook 245 The knife must have a smooth edge, if it has the least ruggedness, it will leave the marks on the salt. 1871 F. T. Palgrave Lyrical Poems 127 Features by keen mountain air Moulded to solemn ruggedness. 1924 B. Dobrée Restoration Comedy i. 15 Men are turning for comfort to the very ruggedness of life, and laughing in the face of it all. 1949 H. Wilcox White Stranger i. 16 I often saw tough Irish Guardsmen lose all their facial ruggedness as H-hour approached, and look about them with the eyes of young boys. 1990 A. S. Byatt Possession xix. 335 They found a hotel..which combined the wind-battered ruggedness of the north with something dreamier and softer and more southern. b. The fact or quality of having a broken, rocky, and uneven surface. Also: an irregular or uneven feature in the ground, a road, etc. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > ground > [noun] > rough > condition of being roughness1555 ruggedness1592 brokennessa1856 1592 R. Dallington tr. F. Colonna Hypnerotomachia f. 94 The ruggednesse of the vnpassageable mountaine Caucasus. 1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick ii. ii. 161 Every little ruggednesse or unevennes of the ground. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia A 4 b Where the Ruggedness of the Ways interpose. 1724 T. Townsend tr. A. de Solis Hist. Conquest Mexico iii. iii. 13 The Streets were narrow and crooked, as the Steepness and Ruggedness of the Mountain would allow. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 149 The ruggedness of the road,..leading up the mountain, is not easily described. 1795 R. Adair Whig's Apol. 168 Find we the least ruggedness in our path to makes us toil and stumble, at once we desist from the pursuit. 1836 W. Irving Astoria II. 215 All the discouraging accounts of the ruggedness of the mountains lower down the river. 1862 E. M. Goulburn Thoughts Personal Relig. (1873) iv. i. 253 Crosses, ruggednesses, unpleasant collisions in one day's walk. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues IV. 226 The country.., owing to the ruggedness of the soil, not providing anything in great abundance. 1904 Overland Monthly Jan. 32/1 The rocks have equanimity, the mountains ruggedness, the trees sturdiness, the wind savagery. 1948 Times 27 Mar. 5/6 Coring operations were made difficult by the pronounced ruggedness of the sea bed. 2002 Western Daily Press (Nexis) 26 Aug. 21 Within a few minutes we are on the beach, stunned by the sheer ruggedness and beauty of the Pembrokeshire coast. 2. Roughness or severity of character, manner, etc. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [noun] rethenesseOE grimness971 sternhead1297 sharpnessa1325 reddoura1375 sternness1382 fiercenessc1384 sturdinessc1384 duressc1400 fellnessc1410 austeritya1425 harshnessc1480 roughness1530 severity1530 durity1543 ungentleness1548 severeness1579 ruggedness1638 atrocity1641 austereness1646 piquancya1677 Draconianism1819 astringency1823 Draconism1832 starkness1884 1638 J. Burroughs Excellency of Gracious Spirit vi. 138 But godlinesse takes off men from this ruggednesse and turbulency of spirit, and makes them gentle and peaceable. 1647 J. Mayne Late Serm. False Prophets 27 All they of that soft Sex, with whom I have converst, have accused me of too great severity, and ruggedness, towards them. 1676 M. Hale Medit. Lord's Prayer 145 in Contempl. Moral & Divine: 2nd Pt. The Pardon that I give, is mingled with ruggedness, with revenge. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 115. ⁋7 A wife who had the ruggedness of a man without his force. 1794 W. Godwin Caleb Williams I. iii. 50 It was in vain that Mr. Tyrrel endeavoured to restrain the ruggedness of his character. 1830 A. Cunningham Lives Brit. Painters (ed. 2) II. 203 The habitual ruggedness of his personal manners. 1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere II. iii. xix. 138 The happiness of the married life had so softened or masked all her ruggedness of character, that there was a certain joy in seeing those strong forces in her..reappear. 1911 Cosmopolitan Mag. Jan. 178/1 The touch of bluntness in his nature, his ruggedness, his impatience, gave no offense. 3. The quality of having a strong or resilient character; manliness; hardiness. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] > prevailing or distinctive qualities masterya1398 ruggedness1845 the mind > emotion > courage > manliness > [noun] manshipc1275 manheadc1300 virtuec1330 manhooda1393 manliheadc1425 manful-hardinessc1450 manlinessc1450 manfulnessc1460 virtuosity1543 man1602 manlikeness1742 ruggedness1845 balls1958 1845 Amer. Rev. Jan. 38/1 How long Tennyson is to remain in the ascendant..is a matter upon which the hopes of some who reverence the manliness of the English character and the ruggedness of the English race..may differ. 1889 Sigma Chi Q. Feb. 83 One cannot help feeling that such play [sc. rugby] must be very effective in developing that courage and manliness, that general ruggedness of body and temper. 1953 D. M. Schneider in C. Kluckhohn et al. Personality in Nature, Society & Culture (ed. 2) xxiv. 394 Army basic training is centered on the efficient execution of the masculine role of toughness, ruggedness, ability to ‘take it’. 1995 J. Shreeve Neandertal Enigma (1996) vi. 138 Simek exuded back-country ruggedness, with a face knapped from stone and polished with use. 2007 R. Elliott & L. Percy Strategic Brand Managem. iv. 64 Aaker..demonstrated that five major factors summarized the traits that consumers attributed to..brands: sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication and ruggedness. 4. In a manufactured object: the quality of being strongly constructed; robustness, durability. Cf. rugged adj.¹ 8b. ΚΠ 1902 Insurance Engin. Sept. 239 This has resulted in a prime mover of high efficiency of operation, of ruggedness of construction and of adaptability to the most severe conditions of service. 1936 Physics 7 75/1 The ruggedness of the simplified extrusion plastometer has been established by over two years of practically uninterrupted service. 1971 Physics Bull. Nov. 644/1 (advt.) Designed to provide the versatility required for laboratory use with the ruggedness of production line equipment. 1992 Men's Health July–Aug. 48/2 These versatile new machines combine the ruggedness and low gears of mountain bikes with the sleekness and speed of road bikes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1530
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